俄罗斯飞行力学研究的现状与发展趋势

介绍了俄罗斯飞行力学的传统定义、分类和发展历史；总结了俄罗斯飞行力学研究的一些特点；以公开发行的飞行力学刊物为依据，分析了俄罗斯当前飞行力学研究的热点问题；对俄罗斯在该领域的发展作出了展望。     

有控飞行力学在无人飞行器研制和使用中的作用

本文从工程实践观点出发，结合无人飞行器，特别是战术导弹和制导兵器的特点，扼要讨论了与此密切相关的有控习行力学研究工作的某些进展情况，文中将有控习行力学问题分为两大类，即典型的飞行力学问题和相关的飞行力学问题，强调了多学科交 对飞行力学研究的重要意义；同时，还指出了有控飞行力学在未来軎与研制和使用中的作用。     

中国宇航学会空气动力与飞行力学专业委员会简介

一、概况 空气动力与飞行力学专业委员会成立于1986年，是我国空气动力与飞行力学领域各位专家、科技工作者所关注的一个全国性学术组织，从建立至今吸纳了航天科技集团、航天科工集团、中科院、总装二十九基地、国防科技大学、西北工业大学、哈尔滨工业大学、北京航空航天大学、北京理工大学等21个单位的著名专家、技术人员。该专业委员会是联系我国宇航科技工作者的桥梁和纽带，是发展我国空气动力学与飞行力学科技事业的重要社会力量。     

飞行器力学环境参数分布特性及飞行散差研究进展

因各方对飞行器力学环境散布特性、散差量级等的认知和理解存在较大差异,相关标准的规定也不一致,故在实际使用过程中存在较大歧异。文章搜集整理了大量关于飞行力学环境方面的国内外文献资料,论述散布特点、统计分析方法以及飞行散差等的研究历史及现状,提出了设计过程中的应对措施以及后续研究建议,为环境条件的精细化设计以及产品的可靠性分析提供参考。     

制导飞行力学方法

在方向不变的惯性坐标系建立和求解弹道式火箭的动力学方程,可以不考虑牵连惯性力和科氏惯性力,把惯性制导建立在更简捷明了的基础上。不同于过去书刊常常在随地球一起转动的坐标系中研究飞行力学的各种问题。阐明了火箭离开地球表面起飞的初始条件,详细分析了被地球引力吸住一起转动的空气或大气作用在惯性空间运动着的火箭上的空气动力的处理方法。推导了用惯性坐标系中火箭的运动参数计算地理位置的公式和动坐标系运动参数的公式。     

一种改进的地形跟随／地形回避技术

自动低空机动飞行需要一个具有地形跟随／地形回避能力的中央模块以利用地形屏蔽，同时保证安全飞行。本文提出一种新的ＴＦ／ＴＡ最优算法－动态规划轨迹算法－－能够有效地产生一条最优实时ＴＦ／ＴＡ轨迹。它与正在形成中的一些计划，如地形匹配威胁回避也是兼容的。这时讲述的最优技术以动态规划轨迹为基础，论证了系统可以得到多高的分辩力，以及如何有效地与飞行控制系统耦合。这里提供的初步计算结果表明了这种方法是如何产生     

“海洋二号”卫星主动段、自由飞行段力学环境测量与分析

力学环境测量系统首次搭载于“海洋二号”遥感卫星并开展了卫星在轨动力学环境的测量。文章主要介绍了利用该测量系统对主动段和自由飞行段卫星关键设备和关键部位动力学环境的测量情况,包括主动段卫星振动响应及其结构传递,自由飞行段卫星活动部件工作引起的微振动以及传递到光学敏感器上的微振动响应等;根据测量结果进行了力学响应分析。由于是首次开展在轨动力学环境的测量,所以获得的结果非常宝贵,对于完善、修正卫星分析模型具有重要的价值,可为卫星地面力学试验条件的确定提供参考依据。     

管制中的决断数值

在日常工作中，我们常常会提到决断高度、决断速度等等，但实际上这些都是飞行程序或飞机飞行管理系统计算出的确定的数值，在实际工作中，是机组用来掌握的一些重要飞行参数，由于其都为确定的数值，因而机组运用起来也比较直观和方便。然而，在管制工作中，也存在一些类似的决断高度、决断位置，在此，提出管制预案决断数值和指挥决断数值的概念，这些数据在日常的管制中客观存在并且可以用距离或时间来描述。这些数据许多在管制员心中并不是一个确定的值，具有一定的模糊性，但其对实现管制目标以及保障飞行安全有着至关重要的作用。     

美国航天飞机飞行一览（1994年）

美国航天飞机飞行一览（１９９４年）第六十次飞行（ＳＴＳ－６０）轨道器发现号（第１８次飞行）飞行时间１９９４年２月３～１１日航天员博尔登（指令长），莱特勒（副驾驶员），张福林（华裔，有效载荷指令长），戴维斯（女，飞行任务专家），塞加（飞行任务专家），克...     

美国航天飞机飞行一览（1993年）

美国航天飞机飞行一览（１９９３年）１９９３年内，美国航天飞机共飞行了７次，载航天员４１人次（其中包括３名外国航天员）。第五十三次飞行（ＳＴＳ－５４）轨道器奋进号（第３次飞行）飞行时问１９９３年１月１３～１９日航天员卡斯帕（指令长）、麦克莫纳格（副驾驶...     

日本新型的J—I火箭

１９９６年２月日本成功地发射了携带超音速试验飞行器的新型Ｊ－Ｉ火箭。Ｊ－Ｉ火箭的概况、运载能力和飞行时序、制导控制系统、遥测和通讯系统以及试验在本文中作了介绍。     

Status of CHIPS: A NASA university explorer astronomy mission

In the age of `Faster, Better, Cheaper', NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center has been looking for a way to implement university based world class science missions for significantly less money. The University Explorer (UNEX) program is the result. UNEX missions are designed for rapid turnaround with fixed budgets in the $10 million US dollar range. The CHIPS project was selected in 1998. The CHIPS mission has passed the Concept Study and Confirmation Reviews. Many lessons have already been learned from the CHIPS UNEX project. This paper will discuss the early issues surrounding the use of commercial satellite constellations as the bus and the politics of small satellites using foreign launchers. The difficulties of finding a spacecraft in the UNEX price range will be highlighted. The advantages of utilizing Internet technologies from the earliest phases of the project through to communications with the spacecraft on orbit will be discussed. The current state of the program, as of July 2001, will be summarized and the project's plans for the future will be charted.     

Life support system development in West Germany

The delivery of fully qualified Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLS) flight hardware for the Spacelab Flight Unit was completed in 1979, and the first Spacelab flight is scheduled for mid 1983.

With Spacelab approaching its operational stage, ESA has initiated the Follow-on Development Programme. The future evolution of Spacelab elements in a continued U.S./European cooperation is obviously linked to the U.S. STS evolution and leads from the sortie-mode improvements (Initial Step) towards pallet systems and module applications in unmanned and manned space platforms (Medium and Far Term Alternatives).

Extensive studies and design work have been accomplished on life support systems for Life Sciences Laboratories (Biorack) in Spacelab (incubators and holding units for low vertebrates).

Future long term missions require the implementation of closed loop life support systems and in order to meet the long range development cycle feasibility studies have been performed. Terrestrial applications of the life support technologies developed for space have been successfully implemented.     

Space product development: bringing the benefits of space down to Earth

In fulfilling the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) responsibility to encourage the fullest commercial use of space the Space Product Development (SPD) Program, within the Microgravity Research Program Office (MRPO) located at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, is managing an organization of Commercial Space Centers (CSC's) that have successfully employed methods for encouraging private industries to exploit the benefits of space-based research. Unique research opportunities of the space environment are being made available to private industry in an effort to develop new, competitive products; create jobs; and enhance the country's quality of life. Over 200 commercial research activities have been conducted in space by the CSC's and their industrial partners during the last several years. The success of this research is evidenced by the increasing amount of industrial participation in commercial microgravity research and the potential products nearing marketability.     

KIBO (Japanese Experiment Module in ISS) operations—2008/3–2009/10

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched its own first manned experiment facility in space called the KIBO (Japanese Experiment Module, JEM) in 2008 and 2009 and started operations as part of International Space Station (ISS). To accomplish this Operation, JAXA made its own ground facility in Tsukuba, Japan, called Space Station Integration and Promotion Center (SSIPC). Ground personnel at SSIPC called the JEM Flight Control Team (JFCT) operate the KIBO and have learnt many lessons during its operation. In this presentation, some topics are chosen and explained such as (1) crew/ground personnel interaction and (2) planning lessons learned for manned space activities.     

Informed consent v. ITAR: Regulatory conflicts that could constrain commercial human space flight

The Human Space Flight Requirements (promulgated by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration) seek to protect the fledgling commercial space flight industry by shifting risk from the operator to the space flight participants. However, in order to do this effectively the regulations require a great deal of information to be given to the participants. The information required might be extensive enough that it could be considered “technical data” under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations. If this is the case then commercial spaceflight companies will have to get export licenses for non-U.S. participants on their flights which could cause additional costs as well as other problems.     

Observations from over a decade of experience in developing faster, better, cheaper missions for the NASA small explorer program

The Small Explorer (SMEX) Project at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has accumulated nearly a decade of experience building missions with the underlying philosophy of “Faster, Better, Cheaper” (FBC). Five satellites are now successfully operating on-orbit with only one serious instrument anomaly. Together this Project has accumulated 14.6 years of on-orbit experience without a spacecraft bus failure. Additionally, this project, under the Explorer Technology Infusion effort, has developed a protoflight version of a 21^st Century FBC spacecraft bus that has just completed environmental qualification and has been selected at the base spacecraft for NASA's Triana mission. Design and production of these six high performance spacecraft, in just ten years time, has provided a unique base of experience from which to draw lessons learned. This paper will discuss the fundamental practices that have been used by the SMEX Project in achieving this record of success.     

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM): a breakthrough in remote sensing of topography

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), flown on the Space Shuttle Endeavour on Flight STS-99 and launched on 11 February 2000, will produce digital elevation data of the Earth's land mass between 60 degrees north latitude and 54 degrees south latitude. This data will be at least one order of magnitude more precise in the elevation resolution, and will have postings of 30 m, representing an order of magnitude increase in the density of the postings over currently available data.