高LET值的获得及在SEB效应研究中的应用

在HI 13串列加速器上,为满足单粒子效应研究对更大的线性能量转移(LET)值的要求,发展了高剥离态离子的加速与引出技术,及0°束 Q3D磁谱仪焦面辐照方法。已得到的LET值为86 7MeV/mg/cm2(45°倾斜入射,在Si中射程R～20μm),束斑在Φ10到Φ50和注量率从几十到5×104·sec-1·cm-2之间可调。论文详述了这一特殊方法成功应用于MOSFET功率管的单离子烧毁效应实验。     

质子单粒子效应引发卫星典型轨道下SRAM在轨错误率分析

利用中国原子能科学研究院100 Me V质子回旋加速器(CY CIAE-100)的单粒子效应辐照装置,测量了典型静态随机存储器(SRAM)的质子单粒子翻转截面;利用Space Radiation 7.0软件计算了卫星搭载该器件在典型轨道条件下运行的在轨错误率;同时研究了航天器在不同轨道高度、轨道倾角和屏蔽条件下对质子单粒子效应引发的在轨错误率的影响。计算结果表明:航天器运行于地球同步轨道高度及以下时,质子单粒子效应引发的在轨错误率均高于重离子的,最高可相差3个数量级左右。     

10 cm ECR中和器性能优化实验研究

针对电子回旋共振(ECR)中和器性能无法满足实际应用需求的问题，开展了10 cm ECR中和器的性能优化实验研究，在分析现有ECR中和器内部结构的基础上，提出新的结构改进方案。通过改进ECR中和器的电子束流引出对比实验，得到了中和器结构对束流引出性能的影响规律。优化后的ECR中和器性能实验表明：相同条件下ECR中和器束流引出大小与气体流量大小不成正相关，但随着微波功率的增加而增加。性能实验得到的中和器最佳工作和性能参数为：微波功率为10 W、氙气流量为0.5 sccm，收集板间距为5 mm时，在50 V引出电压条件下能够引出127 mA的电子束流。     

MOS电容器单粒子介质击穿导致GaN功率放大器失效分析

为验证一款GaN功率放大器抗空间辐射效应能力,对其进行了重离子单粒子效应试验研究。被试样品是由GaN HEMT、MOS电容器和电感器等组成的混合电路。试验源为加速器产生的锗离子(Ge+13,能量205 MeV),线性能量传输(LET)值为37.4 MeV·cm~2/mg。试验结果是:GaN HEMT性能未出现变化;MOS电容器发生了介质击穿失效,造成功率放大器功能失效。经验公式计算的单粒子介质击穿电压,与重离子试验结果基本吻合,得出MOS电容器单粒子介质击穿导致GaN功率放大器失效。研究表明,混合电路中无源的MOS电容器也会发生单粒子介质击穿失效,应用于空间环境时应进行单粒子效应评估。     

MOSFET单粒子烧毁引起的DC/DC电源变换器功能失效试验研究

文章利用回旋加速器产生的Kr离子,对双路输出的DC／DC电源变换器开展了单粒子效应试验研究,分析了在空载和加载两种偏置条件下的试验结果,指出内部功率MOSFETs器件的漏一源端电压在单粒子辐照条件下超出了器件的击穿电压是导致DC／DC电源变换器单粒子功能失效的直接原因,最后给出了航天器电源系统抗辐射设计和功率MOSFETs器件选用建议。     

科技成果

正韩国重离子加速器前端超导加速试验取得成功据科技部网站2018年3月20日报道,韩国科学技术信息通信部发布消息称,韩国正在建设的重离子加速器(ROAN)取得突破性进展,其进行的重力束超导加速试验取得成功。超导加速试验是在组成加速装置前端部分的ECR离电子回旋共鸣、     

一款新研制ASIC器件的单粒子效应检测与故障定位

针对一款国产新研ASIC器件抗单粒子能力评估的需要,研制了ASIC器件单粒子效应检测系统。通过单粒子效应评估试验,得到了该器件在Kr离子辐照下的单粒子翻转数据。采用故障树分析和电路仿真技术,对ASIC器件内部单粒子翻转敏感模块进行定位。研究成果可为器件厂家后续设计改进和卫星型号系统级抗辐射加固设计提供依据。     

CCD视频信号处理器件单粒子效应试验

文章利用重离子地面模拟源,采用图像分析方法,开展了CCD视频信号处理器件单粒子效应系统性试验与测试研究。首先介绍了器件单粒子效应(SEE)试验方案、试验测试系统组成;然后通过试验研究获得了器件单粒子翻转(SEU)和单粒子锁定(SEL)特征参数,评估了视频信号处理器件单粒子翻转、单粒子锁定效应对系统成像性能的影响。试验结果表明:地面试验测试系统可有效实时判断、统计该器件单粒子效应发生事件,并能直观实时观察到单粒子事件发生时遥感图像的变化;视频信号处理器件随着重离子LET值增大,其单粒子截面呈增加趋势,器件对重离子诱发的单粒子效应比较敏感;单粒子锁定对光学遥感器成像任务的危害程度高于单粒子翻转。最后给出了采取单粒子锁定防护建议。     

基于Space radiation 5.0软件平台 分析典型GEO空间辐射环境

文章介绍了兰州空间技术物理研究所真空低温技术与物理国家重点实验室从美国引进的空间辐射环境及效应分析软件Space Radiation 5.0的结构功能模块,采用该软件计算分析了典型的GEO(地球同步轨道)空间辐射环境.计算表明:GEO的总剂量效应比较严重,主要是由捕获电子和太阳耀斑质子辐射引起的;GEO的带电粒子主要由质子、α粒子、碳离子、氮离子、氧离子等重核离子组成,此轨道上的单粒子效应主要由太阳宇宙射线中的高能质子和重离子以及银河宇宙射线的重离子引发.     

SRAM单粒子效应检测方法研究

采用中国科学院近代物理研究所的回旋加速器HIRFL产生不同LET值的重离子,以模拟空间辐射环境,检测了两种国产SRAM器件抗单粒子翻转和单粒子锁定的能力。试验中采用了两套单粒子效应检测系统,结合试验检测过程和最终结果,讨论了两套检测系统各自的优缺点,总结了试验中需要注意的其他问题。本研究为今后构建其他器件的单粒子效应检测系统提供了参考。     

Electrostatic Noise Spectrum at the Electron Cyclotron Frequency and Electromagnetic Emission in the Inhomogeneous Plasma of the Topside Ionosphere

Measurements of the wave emission of the topside ionosphere made onboard the APEX satellite using the electric component of the wave field in the 0.1–10 MHz frequency band are presented. At middle latitudes a wave intensity decrease was observed in the broad-band spectrum of the electrostatic noise at the electron cyclotron frequency. It is shown that a break in the spectrum of electrostatic modes at the electron cyclotron frequency (the absence of the plasma eigen-frequencies) may be a cause of the observed effect. The increase of the intensity at the electron cyclotron frequency in the ionospheric trough and at latitudes above the trough region as compared to middle latitudes may be explained by the capture by plasma irregularities of the electromagnetic emission of the auroral electron fluxes.__________Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2005, pp. 201–208.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Izhovkina, Prutensky, Pulinets, Kiraga, Klos, Rothkael.     

Cost–benefit analysis of space exploration: Some ethical considerations

Humanity faces many important decisions about space exploration. A major but controversial decision-making paradigm is cost–benefit analysis (CBA). This paper discusses some ethical considerations in CBA that are important to decision making about space exploration, including how we define costs and benefits; space exploration's non-market value; the standing of future humans and of extraterrestrials; and the role of discounting in evaluating long-term space exploration projects.     

Features of wave excitation of the electrostatic ion cyclotron type in the auroral ionosphere

Broadband electrostatic noise in the auroral ionosphere can be identified as a version of waves of an electrostatic ion cyclotron type, excited by plasma instability resulting from an inhomogeneous distribution of wave energy density. Broadband waves are generated due to both electric field inhomogeneities and plasma density inhomogeneities. The effect of the form of the distribution of electric field and plasma density inhomogeneities on the excitation of instabilities is studied. Also there is shown the role of the characteristic scale of inhomogeneities in the generation of electrostatic ion cyclotron waves due to the development of instability of this kind. The study of these issues, which are important for understanding the processes in the auroral region, is the subject of this paper. The work presents also a comparison of numerical results obtained using both satellite data and model approximations.     

Titan aerosol analogues: analysis of the nonvolatile tholins

Laboratory experiments that produced tholins in a simulated Titan atmosphere were conducted. We report the first systematic analyses of these compounds using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The findings suggest surprising simplicity and nonrandomness in the mass distribution and regularity in species clusters. The degree of unsaturation generally increased with increasing molecular weight in a predictable fashion, and nitrogen is proposed as the dominant carrier of unsaturation. In detected compounds with a general formula of C(x)H(y)N(z), the carbon to nitrogen ratio (x/z) varied only slightly within a narrow limit, and decreased with increasing molecular weights. These compounds are of potential prebiotic interest since they sediment to the surface of Titan, and would dissolve readily in transient aqueous pools that might be generated from time to time by impacts and volcanic     

Observations of the Auroral Kilometric Radiation onboard the Interball-1 satellite in 1995–1997

Results of two-year (August 1995–July 1997) continuous observations of the auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) in the AKR-X experiment on board the high-apogee Interball-1 satellite are presented. Observations were carried out in the minimum of solar activity in a frequency range of 100–1500 kHz. The most effective detections of AKR occurred near the maximum of its spectrum at a frequency of 252 kHz and also at a frequency of 500 kHz. The data obtained made it possible to study in more detail the character of AKR global directivity, its frequency dependence, and some other parameters of the emission. These data are interpreted qualitatively in the context of the emission mechanism caused by cyclotron maser instability.     

Global impulse burst of geomagnetic pulsations in the frequency range of 0.2–5 Hz as a precursor of the sudden commencement of St. Patrick’s Day 2015 geomagnetic storm

We have analyzed a short-term (3–4 s) burst of geomagnetic pulsations in the frequency range of 0.2–5 Hz observed during the commencement of a magnetic storm on March 17, 2015. The burst was observed by a network of observatories in different sectors of local time and at different latitudes. The spectra of pulsations involves a resonant structure with a global maximum at a frequency of 2.78 ± 0.38 Hz, despite some differences at different observatories. There is a delay by almost 4 s in the maximum of the train amplitude at nightside observatories with respect to a dayside observatory. The burst of pulsations has been shown to be on the front of the magnetic disturbance associated with sudden storm commencement (SSC) and, therefore, can be considered as a precursor. The observations of particle fluxes by low-orbit satellites have shown that the SSC is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the fluxes of precipitating protons and electrons. We have suggested that the mechanism of oscillation generation may be the ion–cyclotron instability of ring current protons and the resonant structure of pulsations may be associated with the ionospheric Alfvén resonator.     

Effects of sublethal irradiation with helium ions (300 MeV/nucleon) on basic hematological parameters of mice

The aim of the experiment was to obtain new knowledge on the biological effectiveness of high-energy (300 MeV/nucleon) helium ions, which represent a part of the spectrum of cosmic rays. Male (CBA x C57BL)F1 mice, 4 months old, were exposed to a dose of 4 Gy helium ions (exposure rate 0.05 Gy/min). As a comparative standard irradiation the same dose of 4 Gy of 137Cs gamma-rays (exposure rate 0.07 Gy/min) was used. Material sampling was performed 6-8 h, 4 days and 9 days after irradiation for both experimental groups mentioned above. There were 7 animals in each group including the control group of non-irradiated mice. Eight basic hematological parameters of peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen and thymus were studied. On day 4 after the irradiation with helium ions, the values of leukocyte counts in peripheral blood, bone marrow cellularity and spleen cellularity were reduced to about 10% of the respective control values while the decline after irradiation with gamma-rays amounted to about 50%. These and other results presented reflect a high relative biological effectiveness of 300 MeV/nucleon helium ions.     

Auroral kilometric radio emission in the period of quiet sun in 1996

The auroral kilometric radio emission (AKR) is the most powerful sporadic radio emission of the terrestrial magnetosphere. It was discovered in 1965 by Soviet scientists in the experiment onboard the Electron-2 satellite [1]. The AKR still continues to stay an object of a large interest and detailed study (see, for example, a review by Gurnett [2]). The mechanism of cyclotron maser instability proposed by Wu and Lee [3] is a commonly accepted mechanism of AKR generation. We have demonstrated the presence of powerful AKR simultaneously in both hemispheres of the Earth in the period from August 1995 to August 1997, including summer-winter periods, on particular examples of registration of this emission in [4] where the directivity and mechanism of the emission were studied. Since in that period AKR was observed in the vicinity of perigees of the satellite orbit in both hemispheres almost at every orbit (3.8 days), we have a possibility to trace in more detail the changes in the emission power from one orbit to another in 1996 during a deep minimum of solar activity.     

电子回旋共振推力器中和器内磁场与微波电磁场计算分析

电子回旋共振推力器具有寿命长、比冲高、结构简单等特点,用于深空探测主推进具有很大的吸引力.中和器是电子回旋共振推力器的关键部件之一,其主要作用为产生电子,中和离子源发射的离子束流,它对保持电子回旋共振推力器的电位平衡有着重要作用.文中针对φ10 cm推力器的中和器,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了磁路模型,计算了中和器内磁场分布,得出了方案中电子回旋共振面的位置.针对中和器的工作特,最,设计了多种天线方案,利用ANSYS软件计算了其对应的电磁场分布.计算结果表明,设计磁场提供的电子回旋共振面位置合理,L型天线方案可实现放电击穿,产生等离子体.计算结果对电子回旋共振推力器的中和器设计与研制提供了帮助.