基于宏程序的外球面粗精加工

目前,小内存的数控机床仍然是我国机床的主流,使加工程序变得简洁,对实际加工有着很重要的意义。宏程序的应用可以大大简化编程,本文通过实例介绍了数控铣削加工外球面的宏程序。     

曲轴连杆轴颈行星磨削算法及编程

以曲轴连杆轴颈行星磨削为研究对象,通过对坐标轴移动指令值与移动速度的计算以及对自变量的分析,给出了曲轴连轴颈行星磨削的算法.介绍了砂轮进给方式,给出了FANUC系统编制的加工用户宏程序,并进行了精度分析.     

参数编程在数控车床上的应用

参数编程是西门子系统中一种先进的编程方法,与FANUC系统中的宏程序类同,它是使用参数变量来代替程序中的功能代码或地址值而编制的加工程序.这种参数,可示同因数一样进行逻辑运算,因而可以使复杂的程序大大简化.     

宏程序在手工编程中的应用

在CAD/CAM软件普及应用的今天,手工编程的应用空间日趋缩小,但是在很多有规则形状的零件加工当中,手工编程、特别是宏程序编程加工方面还有着广泛的应用空间。     

FANUC宏程序在SIEMENS 808D上的编程研究

FANUC和SIEMENS数控系统都是目前最为流行的数控系统。它们在编程格式上有很大区别。SIEMENS808D系统兼容ISO格式编程语言,这给熟悉FANUC系统编程的用户带来很大方便。本文针对FANUC宏程序在SIEMENS 808D上的编程进行研究,以椭圆加工程序为例编写了宏程序,并在808D数控系统进行验证,结果证实该方法是有效的。     

参数编程在数控车床上的应用

参数编程是西门子系统中一种先进的编程方法，与FANUC系统中的宏程序类同，它是使用参数变量来代替程序中的功能代码或地址值而编制的加工程序。这种参数，可示同因数一样进行逻辑运算，因而可以使复杂的程序大大简化。     

轧辊磨床数控改造及辊形轮廓曲线通用程序设计

本文对外圆磨床进行数控化改造为轧辊磨床,使用宏程序对轧辊表面中凹曲线进行磨削通用程序设计。该程序在实践中经过检验,结果表明,使用该改造轧辊磨床不仅能减少设备投入,而且磨削加工的轧辊精度能满足轧辊的使用要求,大大节约了生产成本,而且在加工不同规格的辊子时,只需要修改3个参数即可满足该辊子的尺寸要求,也提高了编程效率。     

基于UG的高速加工资源数据库系统的研究与开发

利用Oracle9i数据库管理系统,以VC 6.O和UG/OpenAPI为开发工具,对UG进行二次开发,建立了与UG无缝集成的C/S体系结构的高速加工资源数据库系统.实现了对高速加工数控编程方案与模板文件、高速加工基础知识、高速加工实例、高速加工知识文献等的统一管理.可实现资源共享,为工艺员提供高速加工工艺指导和加工向导.     

超声波椭圆振动切削加工系统稳定性研究

切削加工系统的稳定性是影响零件加工质量的重要因素之一.通过建立超声波椭圆振动切削系统动力学模型,对超声波椭圆振动切削系统稳定性进行了分析,从理论上预测出超声波椭圆振动切削的稳定极限,并对其进行Matlab仿真,得出稳定极限图.最后介绍了高温合金材料弱刚度零件加工试验情况,证实了与普通加工系统相比,超声波椭圆振动切削加工系统处于分离状态时具有更高的加工稳定性,可以提高弱刚度零件的加工质量.     

芳纶纤维增强复合材料的机械加工

介绍了加工芳纶纤维增强复合材料的工艺方法,包括钻孔、平板制件的切割及管件截断的方法.从刀具和切削参数等方面加以阐述,并辅以加工实例介绍了加工效果.这些刀具和工艺方法成功地应用于某型号卫星天线支架的研制中,攻克了芳纶纤维增强复合材料不易加工的难题.     

Long-term operation of "Orlan" space suits in the "Mir" orbiting station: experience obtained and its application

The started assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) and its further operation will call for a great number of extravehicular activity sorties (EVA) to be performed by ISS crews. Therefore, of great importance is to make use of the EVA experience gained by cosmonauts in the process of 15-year operation of the Mir orbiting station (OS). Over the 15-year period, Mir crewmembers wearing Orlan type semi-rigid space suits have accumulated 158 man/sorties from the orbiting station. Crewmembers used 15 suits in orbit and some of the suits were in operation for more than 3 years. The paper presents principal design features, which provide effective and safe operation of orbit-based suits, and briefly describes procedures for preparation and maintenance of suit systems, which ensure long-term operation of space suit in orbit. The paper gives results of the space suit modifications, presents suit performance characteristics and lists novel or upgraded components of the space suit and its systems. The paper also summarizes improvements in the Orlan type suits described in some earlier publications. They refer, in the first run, to the improvement of space suit operations characteristics and reliability, and the utilization of the Orlan type space suit in the ISS program. The paper analyses the experience gained and drawbacks detected and observations made, and gives statistical data on long-term space suit operations aboard the Mir station. The paper reviews certain problems in the process of EVAs performed from the station, and describes the ways of their solution as applied to the further utilization of the suit within the ISS program.     

一种实时系统中的信号处理实现

近年来,实时信号处理系统的要求越来越高,所用系统须具有处理大量数据的能力,这就要求系统硬件要达到很高的运算速度,并且软件处理程序也尽可能优化,以保证系统的实时性.基于某重点工程项目,介绍了一种高速数据并行处理系统,并详细说明了DSP中信号处理程序的操作流程.该系统能对输入信号的频谱进行分析,实时输出连续波频谱或脉冲波的时域频域信息,并已测试成功.     

导弹子母弹子弹抛撒弹道模型及数字仿真

建立了导弹子母弹抛撒弹道模型，并编制了抛撒弹道仿真程序，仿真结果与靶场试验结果一致，仿真程序也适用于所有弹道导弹子母弹撒 轴对称子弹的无控弹道仿真，可为地地导弹子母作战使用及作战效能研究提供强有力的分析工具。     

液体火箭发动机试验测量系统状态检测程序设计

发动机试车准备过程中,测量系统的状态变化直接影响到发动机参数测量的准确度。为正确获得测量系统的状态变化,从测量系统的硬件组成出发,针对压力、温度等参数类型,提出了测量通道状态变化的检测判断方法。在Windows操作系统下,采用VB6.0语言,设计了相应的状态变化检测程序。试验证明:测量系统状态检测程序运行可靠,操作方便,提高了试车工作效率。     

飞行训练弹设计方案探讨

论述了研制半主动雷达寻的空空导弹训练弹的必要性，提出了训练弹设计方案的基本要求及关键所在，在分析导弹工作过程的基础上，指出必须提供具有逻辑功能的模拟信号和故障设置。通过举例对准备程序和点火程序逻辑功能电路的探讨提出了训练弹电路设计方案的基本构想。     

Integrated Studies of Electric Propulsion Engines during Flights in the Earth’s Ionosphere

Fifty years ago, on October 1, 1966, the first Yantar satellite laboratory with a gas plasma–ion electric propulsion was launched into orbit as part of the Yantar Soviet space program. In 1966–1971, the program launched a total of four laboratories with thrusters operating on argon, nitrogen, and air with jet velocities of 40, 120, and 140 km/s, respectively. These space experiments were the first to demonstrate the long-term stable operation of these thrusters, which exceed chemical rocket engines in specific impulse by an order of magnitude and provide effective jet charge compensation, under the conditions of a real flight at altitudes of 100–400 km. In this article, we have analyzed the potential modern applications of the scientific results obtained by the Yantar space program for the development of air-breathing electric propulsion that ensure the longterm operation of spacecraft in very low orbits.     

The applications of lower power satellites for direct television broadcasting

The use of 12 GHz satellites for TV broadcasting directly to individual homes and small communities has been the subject of analysis and design study by groups in many countries. Implementation of the concept has been slow to follow because of the high satellite transmitter powers of from 100 to 450 W that have usually been determined to be necessary. Accumulated experience in Canada with 12 GHz operation and the evolution of technology are leading to changes in the concept of direct broadcasting such that lower power satellites may be capable of meeting the requirements.

Hermes, the Canadian/U.S. 12/14 GHz Communications Technology Satellite, has been in use for over 3 years in a program of experiments and measurements. This program has included an extensive six month experiment in direct broadcasting to 7 small communities. Experience with Hermes has shown that the signal strength is stable over long periods of time and that in Canada, significant precipitation attenuation at 12 GHz is of relatively short duration and typically occurs only during certain seasons. Operation with low propagation margins is feasible if some picture degradation and some outages at these times are acceptable. The frequency and duration of occurrence of outages can be controlled by the Earth station G/T which is cost sensitive. An individual may choose to use a low cost system with a small antenna and accept a degraded picture and outages at some times. A small community may choose to pay more for a larger antenna and lower noise receiver to achieve better performance.

Developments in technology are reducing the noise figure of mass-producible receivers from more than 6 dB to as low as 4 dB. Another technology contribution is the use of reduced bandwidth and other signal processing techniques in low-cost receivers. While use of such techniques may introduce distortions that would be unacceptable in rebroadcasting systems, there is little impact for individual and community reception. Use of both technologies reduce the required satellite EIRP or ground terminal G/T.

A field trial was begun in April 1979 to test these concepts for use in television program delivery. One hundred Earth stations capable of being tuned across a 500 MHz band and having antennas with diameters of either 1.2 m or 1.8 m are being installed for a test in Canada to receive TV signals from the 20 W transponders of ANIK-B (peak EIRP of 51 dBw) on an experimental basis. The acceptability of the video signals and the technical performance of the low-cost terminals in the bands of non-technical users are being evaluated.

The paper will summarize the concept of TV broadcasting with lower power satellites and describe the results to date of the ANIK-B field trials.     

软件抗干扰技术在航天靶场中的应用

讨论了航天靶场应用的软件延时技术、通道软件抗干扰技术、程序运行中的软件抗干扰技术、数据采集误差的软件抗干扰技术等常用的软件抗干扰技术,这些措施的综合应用可以有效提高航天靶场的抗干扰性.     

20 cm离子推力器电磁辐射试验研究

离子推力器工作时会产生对外电磁辐射,因此离子电推进应用于航天器时存在电磁兼容性问题。为初步了解离子推力器工作产生的电磁辐射特性,利用经改造后的地面专用试验系统进行了20 cm离子推力器电磁辐射测试试验。文章介绍了20 cm离子推力器电磁辐射的试验方案,采用两种形式进行:推力器电场辐射发射试验,测试频段为10 kHz～5 GHz;推力器瞬态电场辐射发射试验,测试频段为100 kHz～5 GHz。试验结果表明:在离子电推进稳态工作过程和几个瞬态工况点,未发生电磁干扰现象。