空间光学遥感器新型分光技术探讨

文章提出在共同视场条件的一种新型分光模式来简化遥感器系统，并分析了该分光方案的优点和存在的问题，给出了采用此分光模式获得热红外图像。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定锡铅焊料中的锑含量

为了解决锡铅焊料中锑元素百分含量的测定 ,采用了原子吸收分光光度法 ,并对此方法中的标准加入法进行了条件试验 ,确定了此方法的有效性。试验证明 ,原子吸收分光光度法测定锡铅焊料中的锑含量既简单又准确。     

氟里昂(F-113)中煤油的分析--红外分光光度法

介绍了用红外分光光度法分析液氧/煤油发动机清洗后氟里昂(F-113)中煤油的含量,对方法的精密度和准确度进行了计算,并对实际样品进行了测试.     

铝粉中微量铜的分光光度法测定

介绍了用BCO分光光度法对铝粉中微量铜的测定。该方法简便、精密度、灵敏度高。     

航天遥感技术

文章简要讨论了航天遥感原理,就航天遥感技术发展状况,以遥感仪器的发展为例,分光学遥感器和微波遥感器两部分予以讨论。     

日“艾普西龙”新型固体火箭首次发射

日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）新型“艾普西龙”小型固体运载火箭9月14日在内之浦宇宙空间观测所进行了首次发射,将“行星分光观测卫星”（SPRINT-A,由“大气相互作用认识行星分光观测卫星”英文缩写而来）送入地球轨道。这是内之浦宇宙空间观测所2006年以来的首次航天发射。该设施1962年建立,原称鹿儿岛航天中心,近年来主要用于发射探空火箭。日本1970年的首次航天发射就是从这里进行的。日H-2A和H-2B火箭从内之浦南部的种子岛航天中心发射。     

硝酸羟胺主成分及其杂质分析

研究了硝酸羟胺(HAN)主成分及其部分杂质的仪器分析方法：重氮偶联显色分光光度法测定其主成分硝酸羟胺；纳氏试剂分光光度法测定HAN中杂质硝酸铵；原子吸收光谱法测定HAN中铁、锰、铜、锌、钾、钠、钙、镁、镍、铬、钡、铅、钛等金属杂质。试验结果表明，该方法灵敏度高、简单快速。     

复合推进剂中的叔丁基二茂铁紫外分光光度法测定

介绍了用紫外分光光度法测定复合固体推进剂中的叔丁基二茂铁含量。该方法简便、快速,精密度和准确度较好。推进剂中其它二茂铁衍生物也可用此方法测定.     

谐振式光子带隙光纤陀螺谐振腔方案设计

为提高陀螺系统的精度,设计并实现了基于光子带隙光纤的谐振式光学陀螺方案。对用于该陀螺的核心器件谐振腔进行了研究,仿真比较了反射式和透射式两种谐振腔的清晰度和信噪比,发现反射式的清晰度高、输出信号强度大,由此确定谐振腔采用反射式结构方案。以谐振腔极限灵敏度为优化参考值,根据谐振腔频率响应特性和陀螺数据输出特性,仿真优化了谐振腔腔长、耦合器分光比等结构参数。在极限灵敏度极值对应的最佳分光比为约0.5时,谐振腔长取30m,陀螺极限灵敏度达0.03(°)/h,完成光子带隙光纤谐振腔的理论设计。     

空间高能望远镜探寻深空真相

2012年6月13日11时30分,美国航宇局用美国轨道科学公司的飞马座-XL火箭从太平洋夸贾林环礁发射了新一代高能天文卫星——“核区分光望远镜阵列”,用于搜寻黑洞和近距离观察超新星爆炸过程。 空间高能天文发展概览     

遥测装备智能运维系统的研究与工程化实现

随着航天发射和在轨航天器管理任务的不断增加，为支撑各类测控需求，遥测站数量越来越多，测控系统越来越复杂。为了从整体降低对遥测任务及遥测装备的运维管理成本，提升运维信息的应用能力，为各类角色用户提供有效全面的信息支撑，需要建立体系化的遥测装备智能运维系统。构建多级智能化运维体系，通过现代化信息感知和传输技术实现装备信息的多维度快速获取、感知和汇聚，全局性掌控战斗资源，建设运维中心及信息处理平台完成数据的智能融合处理，通过对各装备、各时段数据的比较，关联挖掘信息，深层次利用运维数据，实现资源全景展示、装备状态监视与智能维护、运行效能评估、态势分析与预测等能力，为遥测资源和战斗力部署调度提供直接全面的决策支撑。     

智能结构及其在振动主动控制中的应用

针对航天挠性结构的振动控制 ,介绍了智能结构的提出、概念、诞生原因以及作为智能结构中的传感和驱动元件的各种智能材料的特点 ,着重阐述了梁、板和壳结构的振动控制中应用的压电材料的国内外研究状况和采用的控制策略 ,并对智能结构在主动振动控制应用研究的问题进行了评述 ,如传感器 /驱动器的优化配置问题及准则 ,柔性结构的控制溢出问题及抑制方法。最后针对航天器的结构振动控制 ,展望了今后的研究与发展方向     

液体火箭发动机钎焊、扩散焊质量检测技术研究

现代液体火箭发动机的推力室钎焊身部、发生器钎焊身部及游机推力室钎焊身部均是在高温、高压环境下工作，采用波纹板和铣槽式结构，而这种结构的钎焊和扩散焊的焊接质量直接关系到产品的承压强度及冷却效果。因此，对钎焊和扩散焊的质量检测尤为重要。着重讨论了对波纹板结构和铣槽结构的钎焊、扩散焊质量采用不同无损检测方法进行检测时，方法的可行性和存在的问题，并给出不同方法对产品的可检测性结论。     

美俄电子战靶场现状及发展趋势浅析

分析了美俄电子战靶场发展现状和发展路线,指出了电子战靶场发展趋势,即“三个一体化”：内外场一体化、多靶场联合一体化及“研、试、训”一体化。现代电子战和电子战装备技术系统性、对抗性更强,美俄电子战靶场发展对电子战靶场建设主动适应这种变化,尽快实现“三个一体化”,有一定的启示和借鉴作用。     

Article

This is a slightly edited version of the Executive Summary of a joint report on cooperation in space science produced by the Space Studies Board of the USA National Research Council and the European Space Science Committee of the European Science Foundation. Using analysis of 13 case-study missions it reviews 30 years of joint missions and makes 14 recommendations based on its findings. These include the importance of setting a scientific rationale for each mission and of ensuring that objectives are shared by engineers and others involved in it, the need for independent periodic assessments and that all agreements should specify the scope, expectations and obligations of the respective agencies and relevant partners.The USA and Europe have been cooperating in space science for more than three decades. This history of cooperation has survived significant geopolitical, economic and technological changes, such as the end of the Cold War, the pressure of budget reductions and the increasing focus on economic competition and the global marketplace. Both Europe and the USA have learned from one another and acquired a knowledge base as well as an infrastructure to implement joint missions and research activities. More importantly, the decades of cooperative space research efforts between the USA and Europe have built a community of scientists whose joint scientific exchanges have established a heritage of cooperation on both sides of the Atlantic.The scientific fruits of this heritage are plainly evident in achievements such as a signature for supermassive black holes provided by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); the first views of the solar atmosphere and corona illuminated by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO); the sharing of expensive research facilities on the International Microgravity Laboratory (IML); and the impressive data on ocean altimetry from the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX-POSEIDON) mission, which is significantly improving our understanding of global ocean circulation.There were no guideposts for the emergence of space science cooperation between Europe and the USA. In the process of introducing new procedures and improvements to facilitate cooperation, missteps occurred, and there were political, economic and scientific losses. This report takes stock of US–European history in cooperative space endeavors, the lessons it has demonstrated and the opportunities it suggests to enhance and improve future US–European cooperative efforts in the sciences conducted in space.     

Space spin-offs: Making them known, improving their use

This paper identifies new ideas for using existing space technologies as spin-offs and considers the effectiveness of the use of such technologies for various industries and applications. It then explores the dissemination of knowledge and information about such spin-off technology and applications to various audiences. It proposes methods to improve the dissemination of such knowledge and information. The paper concludes with some recommendations on how the dissemination of information about space spin-offs can increase awareness and use of such technology and, in the long term, increase support for space activities. The perspective of this article is that of the world's various space agencies and the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS). It is recognized that truly effective spin-offs depend on the involvement of those outside the space arena, particularly the commercial, academic and governmental sectors. These sectors and the general public must see the value and cost efficiency of ‘spin-offs’ and of developing new technology and systems through space research programs or they will not succeed. This may require space agencies to stay more focused on research and to hand over functions and activities to these ‘outside sectors’ once ‘seeds are planted’.     

运载火箭发射场无人值守加注发射技术研究

针对我国火箭在发射场射前操作项目多、保障人员多的问题，分析了国内外火箭发射场无人值守加注发射的现状。结合火箭射前状态，从火箭系统、地面测发控系统和发射场系统等方面提出了无人值守加注发射总体方案，通过火箭状态远程监测及故障处理技术、连接器零秒脱落技术、箭地接口组合连接技术、连接器自动对接技术和火工品自动短路保护与解保技术等关键技术研究，可提高人员和产品的安全性，为后续我国火箭实现无人值守加注发射提供参考。     

碳纤维导热性的测试研究

介绍用激光脉冲法测量碳纤维轴向热导率的方法原理和测试结果。对碳纤维导热性与纤维微观结构的关系进行了讨论,提出了碳纤维轴向导热有定向效应的见解。讨论了碳纤维的导热性与碳纤维增强复合材料导热性之间的关系和碳纤维增强复合材料导热各向异性问题。     

Extremophiles and the search for extraterrestrial life

Extremophiles thrive in ice, boiling water, acid, the water core of nuclear reactors, salt crystals, and toxic waste and in a range of other extreme habitats that were previously thought to be inhospitable for life. Extremophiles include representatives of all three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya); however, the majority are microorganisms, and a high proportion of these are Archaea. Knowledge of extremophile habitats is expanding the number and types of extraterrestrial locations that may be targeted for exploration. In addition, contemporary biological studies are being fueled by the increasing availability of genome sequences and associated functional studies of extremophiles. This is leading to the identification of new biomarkers, an accurate assessment of cellular evolution, insight into the ability of microorganisms to survive in meteorites and during periods of global extinction, and knowledge of how to process and examine environmental samples to detect viable life forms. This paper evaluates extremophiles and extreme environments in the context of astrobiology and the search for extraterrestrial life.     

顶部凹陷贮箱膜片典型结构特征优化实现

用正交法表数值研究了顸部凹陷区域直径与深度及膜片厚度典型结构特征对膜片翻转行为的影响,获得膜片在不同结构特征时的屈曲与后屈曲状态。研究发现：膜片翻转效率及屈曲载荷随厚度增加而提高,顶部凹陷直径对膜片翻转效率及屈曲栽荷的影响显著,深度仅影响屈曲载荷;膜片后屈曲阶段均出现平台效应,翻转稳定,说明顶部凹陷结构膜片利于完成推进剂的管理与控制功能。由屈曲载荷与翻转效率,得到了凹陷直径与深度及膜片厚度优化选择范围。