雷达信号模拟器中的杂波仿真模型

首先介绍了基于雷达相干信号模拟方法的杂波仿真模型 ,然后根据国内外公开报道的有关杂波测量数据模型 ,总结了雷达信号模拟器中杂波模拟时所需的杂波后向散射系数模型、杂波的概率分布特性模型和杂波相关特性模型。同时 ,给出了这些模型参数的典型值以供雷达信号模拟器设计过程中参考     

试验测量精度指导

用统计学原理和数学方法来改进模型,在手册第Ⅰ节中有介绍。在手册的第Ⅱ节中,不确定度模型用数学、图表以及带有如何应用模型数字方块图的例子作了介绍。这些方法在逻辑判定图12中概述。手册的其余部分专门介绍了特殊测量模型的应用,诸如:力、燃料流量、压力、温度、空气气流、净推力、净单位推力燃料消耗率以及专门的方法。     

武器型号费用参数模型的数据诊断与识别

针对采用回归分析建立武器型号费用参数模型时，如何选择合适的数据诊断与识别方法进行了讨论。重点介绍了原始数据中多重共线性的判别和如何识别自变量、因变量异常值的方法。采取这些措施后，可确保模型所用数据满足要求，从而提高模型的精度，为进一步建立合理的武器型号费用参数模型，提供可靠保障。     

通信卫星转发器系统的半实物仿真

文章首先介绍了微波全系统半实物仿真技术及二维S参数的概念和应用，并根据这些理论编写了仿真程序，建立了卫星转发器系统性能仿真的模型。实验证明了仿真系统的可行性。     

NASA空间碎片模型

介绍ＮＡＳＡ为预示空间碎片环境未来发展趋势所建立的空间模型（包括通用模型和专用模型）及其适用范围。通用模型包括ＯＲＤＥＭ９６、ＢＵＭＰＥＲＩＩ、ＥＶＯＬＶＥ、ＣＨＡＩＮ和ＤＡＳ；专用模型包括ＮＡＳＡ碎片模型、弹道限制方程和轨道计算模型等。这些模型不仅可用于评估当前的碎片环境，而且还可评估载人与无人航天器在轨运行时的碎片碰撞风险。     

姿态控制系统数控模型仿真软件设计

本文详细分析了运载火箭姿态控制系统的箭体数控模型的特点。提出运用组合算法进行运载火箭姿态控制系统数控模型仿真软件设计,介绍了箭体方程、数控差分方程常用的计算方法。所设计的仿真软件结构和处理技巧,对于缩短仿真时间,完成各种状态下的仿真任务行之有效。通过实例计算和比较,表明这些方法和措施不仅可用于全数学仿真,亦可用于半实物仿真。     

电推进航天器的特殊环境及其影响

文章介绍了应用离子和霍耳电推进系统在航天器周围产生的等离子体和电磁场等特殊环境,讨论了这些特殊环境对航天器各分系统或部件产生的溅射腐蚀、沉积污染、充放电、等离子体干扰、碰撞动力学扰动等影响效应,探讨了研究电推进与航天器相互作用效应的地面试验技术、空间飞行试验技术和模型分析技术,介绍了离子电推进系统与航天器相容性分析评价的技术要点。     

航天发射场地面测试流程网络模型的构建

针对航天发射场地面测试，详细地介绍了测试流程网络模型的构建过程。首先介绍了网络流规划的一般原理，然后就如何建立航天发射场地面测试流程网络模型进行了详细的说明，最后简要介绍了网络模型建成以后从哪些方面进行优化。     

系统工程能力成熟度模型

重点介绍了两类系统工程能力成熟度模型,即美国电子工业协会开发的SECM模型及美国软件工程研究所开发的CMMI-DEV模型的框架和基本内容;此外,还分析了上述两类成熟度模型的缺陷,并探讨了模型改进途径。目的在于介绍系统工程能力成熟度模型的概念及意义,探讨模型的改进方向。     

SMP2标准的原始数据生成模型框架分析

原始数据生成(RDG)是导航系统设计验证的重要组成部分。由其生成的数据可进行导航系统链路预算和误差预算,也可用来对完好性处理工具(IPF)和轨道与同步处理工具(OS-PF)的算法进行调整和确认。然而原始数据生成涉及到如天文地理、物理学等多学科领域的模型,不同模型之间的接口关系十分复杂,使得将这些模型集成并实现仿真验证功能变得十分困难,也难以有效实现仿真模型的可重用性和可移植性。基于SMP2标准的仿真系统设计开发方法能有效地解决上述问题,文章介绍了原始数据生成的概念,并在面向对象分析的基础上,提出了基于SMP2规范的模型集成开发的方法和步骤。     

The Use of Quaternions in the Optimal Control Problems of Motion of the Center of Mass of a Spacecraft in a Newtonian Gravitational Field: I

The problem of optimal control is considered for the motion of the center of mass of a spacecraft in a central Newtonian gravitational field. For solving the problem, two variants of the equations of motion for the spacecraft center of mass are used, written in rotating coordinate systems. Both the variants have a quaternion variable among the phase variables. In the first variant this variable characterizes the orientation of an instantaneous orbit of the spacecraft and (simultaneously) the spacecraft location in this orbit, while in the second variant only the instantaneous orbit orientation is specified by it. The suggested equations are convenient in the respect that they allow the general three-dimensional problem of optimal control by the motion of the spacecraft center of mass to be considered as a composition of two interrelated problems. In the first variant these problems are (1) the problem of control of the shape and size of the spacecraft orbit and (2) the problem of control of the orientation of a spacecraft orbit and the spacecraft location in this orbit. The second variant treats (1) the problem of control of the shape and size of the spacecraft orbit and the orbit location of the spacecraft and (2) the problem of control of the orientation of the spacecraft orbit. The use of quaternion variables makes this consideration most efficient. The problem of optimal control is solved on the basis of the maximum principle. Several first integrals of the systems of equations of the boundary value problems of the maximum principle are found. Transformations are suggested that reduce the dimensions of the systems of differential equations of boundary value problems (without complicating them). Geometrical interpretations are given to the transformations and first integrals. The relation of the vectorial first integral of one of the derived systems of equations (which is an analog of the well-known vectorial first integral of the studied problem of optimal control) with the found quaternion first integral is considered. In this paper, which is the first part of the work, we consider the models of motion of the spacecraft center of mass that employ quaternion variables. The problem of optimal control by the motion of the spacecraft center of mass is investigated on the basis of the first variant of equations of motion. An example of a numerical solution of the problem is given.     

低温推进剂热分层研究

通过详细分析热分层产生的机理,阐述了低温流体热分层所引起的流体温度分布、气液界面现象以及箱体压力增加过程。对有关流体热分层的试验研究以及数值模拟的文献进行了整理;对不同低温流体工质、箱体初始设置参数及尺寸参数、箱体形状、壁面曲率大小、壁面是否加肋片以及箱体晃动旋转等对热分层的影响进行了分类总结;对不同热分层数学物理模型进行了系统对比。介绍了不同重力水平下,流体流动状态与热分层的关系。归纳了有关热分层现象的一些重要结论,阐明了我国在该领域开展研究的必要性。最后指出低温流体热分层对推进剂箱体优化设计及安全运行的重要意义。     

挠性飞行器姿态控制系统鲁棒稳定性分析的区间矩阵方法

本文应用区间矩阵的理论,研究三轴稳定的挠性空间飞行器姿态控制系统的鲁棒稳定性分析问题。太阳帆板的转动、燃料消耗及动量轮的转速变化引起的不确定性被描述为区间矩阵的形式,几个相应的鲁棒稳定性定理被导出,一个实际算例说明了所给方法的应用过程。     

The Effect of Dissipative Moments Caused by Liquid Body Viscosity on the Rotation Stability of a Space Object

The influence of dissipative forces in a viscous liquid that completely fills the cavities of a space object executing a rotational motion is analyzed. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved by expanding them into a series in terms of eigenfunctions of the boundary value problem on involving the resting liquid in rotation around the longitudinal axis of a cavity. The analytical solutions for coaxial cylindrical and concentric spherical cavities are obtained, in particular, for a straight circular cylinder and a sphere. The stability of the single-axis orientation of a space object filled with a viscous liquid is investigated. The dependences of rotation decay processes and drifts of the space object's longitudinal axis from a given direction are shown on the plane of constructive parameters.     

Sources of Interference in Spatial Long-Term Memory Retrieval

Three experiments are reported that used an interference paradigm to test the extent to which perceptual orientation to a task environment interfered with retrieval from long-term spatial memory. Visual and spatial sources of interference were tested. The findings were consistent with a spatial locus of interference and showed that orientation to the task environment disrupted the accessibility of relative direction under two retrieval conditions: when the imagined viewpoint was 180 degrees misaligned with the actual viewpoint and when the actual body location was anterior to the imagined body location. While the former finding replicates previous reports of interference in perspective-taking tasks, the latter finding is new and difficult for current models of spatial long-term memory retrieval to explain. More research is needed to articulate further the constraints that perceptual orientation to the task environment place on spatial retrieval and their implications for models of spatial memory.     

跳跃式跨大气层飞行弹道仿真分析

针对跳跃式跨大气层飞行弹道的特殊性,建立了其飞行动力学模型,在此基础上,对其弹道进行了仿真分析,得知乘波构型是跳跃式跨大气层飞行器理想气动布局,研究对比了跳跃弹道和惯性弹道的不同性能,结果表明跳跃飞行具有惯性飞行所无法比拟的突防能力。所得结论对跳跃式跨大气层飞行和未来新型武器装备的发展方向的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

含金属的固体推进剂在加速度场中燃烧时燃速敏感性的预示

本文综述了含金属固体推进剂在加速度场中燃烧的一些主要理论模型,指出了其中某些明显的不妥之处,如:金属颗粒的尺寸分布,金属球团变形参数与变形模量的关系。 本文在综合有关模型的基础上,在稳态燃烧的假设下,考虑了金属球团下方凹坑的形成机理及融熔金属球团在加速度场中的变形。 利用已编制的计算机程序,可对影响加速度场中燃速敏感性的各有关参数进行广泛而深入的研究,所得结果除能解释一些已有定论的实验现象外,还可预示出多种复杂的变化趋势,而后者往往已在实验中观察到、但却被认为是无规律的。故本文对发动机设计和推进剂配方设计有一定的指导意义。     

Stochastic models of the earth’s rotation taking the effects of the moon and planets into account

A generalization of kinetic and spectral and correlation equations of fluctuations in the Earths rotation is made taking into account the effect of the Moon and planets (these equations form the basis for corresponding stochastic models). Special attention is paid to a parameterized version of kinetic equations based on the method of normal approximation. The application of linear stochastic models for obtaining the spectral and correlation characteristics of the Earths rotation is considered, including the case of random parameters of the tensor of inertia of a deformable Earth. The results can be used for constructing stochastic models of the Earths rotation over time intervals of 6–10 years.Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2005, pp. 54–66.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Markov, Dasaev, Perepelkin, I. N. Sinitsyn, V. I. Sinitsyn.     

Adiabatic invariants of the solar system and exo-planet systems and soliton-like disturbances of Alfvenic plasma proto-ring

Some new results are presented concerning quantization of observed parameters of the Solar System and exo-planet systems, as well as some functions of these parameters. General adiabatic invariants are introduced including (for the Solar System) orbital quantum numbers of planets and quantum numbers characterizing their proper rotation (spin). The quantization of parameters relating to satellite and exo-planetary systems is considered. Some arguments are presented about the influence of nonlinear disturbances of Alfvenic plasma proto-ring of the type of Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) and Russell-Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) solitons on formation of elite rings and their evolution with conservation of corresponding invariants. A mechanical model is synthesized that describes nonlinear FK soliton type disturbances of magnetized plasma.     

The Motion of Coaxial Bodies of Varying Composition on the Active Leg of Descent

The motion of a spacecraft (SC) with double rotation and variable mass on the active leg of its descent is considered. The SC consists of two coaxial bodies. The coaxial scheme is used for gyroscopic stabilization of the SC longitudinal axis by the method of partial spin-up. The equations of spatial motion of coaxial bodies of varying composition are derived and approximate solutions for the angles of spatial orientation are found. The condition of decreasing amplitude of nutation oscillations is obtained, which allows the estimation of efficiency of the stabilization by partial spin-up. The errors in the magnitude and direction of the vector of braking thrust are also determined.__________Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2005, pp. 224–232.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Aslanov, Doroshin, Kruglov.