卫星公用平台型谱规划

总结国外卫星公用平台(波音、洛马、阿姆斯特留等欧美公司制造的卫星公用平台)的发展情况和特点,设计卫星公用平台型谱框架,明确平台型谱的设计原则,选取最能体现卫星公用平台型谱固有特性的特征参数,提出一个科学、合理的卫星公用平台型谱框架,形成有序发展的、成熟的、可应用的卫星公用平台系列。     

卫星公用平台成熟度研究

介绍了国内外成熟度评估体系的发展情况,提出了平台配套单机产品成熟度等级分布、平台内/外部接口控制能力等用于评价卫星公用平台成熟度的6项要素。建立了用于表征卫星公用平台从原理平台开始,逐步进阶为有可靠性保证的多型号通用平台全过程的6级成熟度模型。最后分析了成熟度在指导平台系列化发展与平台快速成熟中的应用前景。     

卫星公用平台的“三化”设计

阐述了卫星通用化、系列化和组合化 (模块化 )的基本概念和卫星实现“三化”的必要性 ,介绍了国外公用平台的现状 ,提出建立卫星公用平台的基本原则 ,给出了我国 5种公用平台的主要性能参数及其应用前景。     

国外小型卫星公用平台模块化设计简况

概述了国外小型卫星的发展及其公用平台模块化设计的效能,重点介绍了英国、美国海军和空军研制的小型卫星公用平台模块化设计情况,对我国研制的小型卫星公用平台应走通用化、系列化、组合(模块)化的设计路子进行了分析,并提出了建议。     

卫星公用平台的产品成熟度评价研究

我国的卫星平台研制正在从传统的型号牵引,向"公用化"为导向、多任务应用、提升平台成熟度的新模式转变,这也符合国际航天工业发展的大趋势。本文在总结传统卫星平台研制模式质量管理经验的基础上,结合新模式的实践探索,提出了卫星公用平台的产品成熟度评价方法。该方法针对平台系统设计、总装总测和应用管理等工作,确定了主要成熟度控制节点及质量风险关注点,为产品成熟度理论在卫星领域的应用提供新的方法和工具。     

中型敏捷遥感卫星公用平台方案特点与应用

中型敏捷遥感卫星公用平台(简称"中型敏捷平台")是我国首个中等规模、敏捷遥感卫星公用平台研发项目,其研制目标包括完成平台设计开发、系统级试验验证、4项核心技术与8年寿命攻关、单机产品升级换代等。文章总结了中型敏捷平台的敏捷机动控制技术、高定位精度支持技术、通用化星载数据系统、高效率任务管理技术、整体式微振动抑制技术等方案特点,并对其应用效能进行了分析,例如平台模块化结构的良好任务适用性、通用电性验证平台的高效使用、核心技术的共享应用、新一代单机产品体系的广泛应用。该平台通用性强、任务适应范围广,后续可应用于低轨各类高精度、高效率遥感卫星任务。     

中型敏捷遥感卫星公用平台开发研制模式探索

高分多模卫星(GFDM-1)作为中型敏捷遥感卫星公用平台(ZY2000 Remote Sensing Satellite Platform)的首发验证星,全面实践了基于公用平台的研制模式。文章结合卫星平台"一步正样"、时效要求高的特点,报告了项目管理思路与方法,即坚持以先进性、通用性、覆盖性、经济性为原则组织进行平台产品开发,100%选用平台产品化产品进行卫星平台产品选用控制,使用通用电性验证平台开展初样研制,采用系统工程理论进行工作分解,分级落实责任,有效保障了在24个月之内完成卫星研制。在此基础上,总结提炼了研制过程中的项目管理经验,提出了思考与见解,可用于后续卫星研制借鉴与参考。     

2017版《航天行业标准目录》正式出版

<正>为了便于航天系统各单位正确实施航天行业标准,更好地服务于航天型号的研制、生产和管理,根据国防科工局军工行业标准清理整顿结果以及标准的发布情况,航天标准化与产品保证研究院组织编制了《航天行业标准目录》(2017版)。本目录包括7个部分:有效标准分类目录、有效标准顺序目录、限用标准目录、被代替换号标准目录、降级标准目录、作废标准目录以及强制性标准目录。     

中国空间技术研究院的标准化卫星平台

首先阐述卫星标准化的三种形式——通用化、系列化和组合化的基本概念和卫星平台实现标准化的必要性；其次介绍了国外公用平台的现状，提出建立卫星公用平台的基本原则；最后给出8种公用平台的自重、平台尺寸、可支承的有效载荷重量、总功率、有效栽荷可用功率、姿态控制精度、测控能力、推进剂携带量、设计工作寿命、与运载火箭的兼容性等主要性能参数及应用前景。     

小卫星公用平台技术

随着小卫星技术的发展和应用领域的不断扩大，卫星研制任务大大增加，要“快、好、省”地完成小卫星的研制任务，公用平台技术成为关键。本文论述了小卫星公用平台技术的发展现状与趋势，介绍了国内外近年来形成的几个典型的小卫星公用平台，对其技术特点进行了分析，对发展我国小卫星平台技术提出了建议。     

Market-based systems for instrument development and science planning

Market-based systems are those systems in which currency is used to express demand for a limited resource. In these systems, users `own' currency and exchange it for a desired commodity. Though used for thousands of years, market-based applications to space missions are still in their infancy. The first successful application was in 1992 with the Cassini Mission to Saturn. In this case, the sum total of mass and dollars for the science instruments had to fit within the allocated resource envelope. Results from the use of a market-based system show that the entire science payload grew from original estimates by only +1% for cost, and by –7% for mass. The next application was for Space Shuttle Secondary Payloads. In this application, available shuttle lift mass, number of lockers for secondary payloads, and available astronaut time had to be allocated between 5 NASA Users. Experiments showed that a market-based system can reduce the size of the required workforce needed to produce a manifest of the same quality as one produced `by committee.' Finally, a market-based system was experimentally applied to LightSAR science planning, a proposed joint NASA/Commercial RADAR mission. In this application, users were able to produce a conflict-free timeline of events remotely, of high science value, in about half the time required by more traditional methods.     

一种载人航天概率风险评价数据选用与分析方法

概率风险评价(PRA)方法是一项成熟的量化风险评估技术,而可靠性相关数据不足,制约着该方法在国内载人航天领域的应用。针对这一问题,结合NASA的PRA工作经验,提出了一种适合国内载人航天PRA数据选用与分析的方法,综合运用产品的通用数据与特定数据,采用贝叶斯等数据融合方法,对产品进行量化评价。通过航天典型产品案例,与经典评估方法进行对比分析,结果表明,此方法更能反映产品的失效特性。文章提出的方法,可用于载人航天等具有小子样特征的产品PRA数据的选用与分析,为我国载人航天开展PRA工作提供参考。     

The NASA Astrobiology Institute: early history and organization

The NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) was established as a means to advance the field of astrobiology by providing a multidisciplinary, multi-institution, science-directed program, executed by universities, research institutes, and NASA and other government laboratories. The scientific community and NASA defined the science content at several workshops as summarized in the NASA Astrobiology Roadmap. Teams were chosen nationwide, following the recommendations of external review groups, and the research program began in 1998. There are now 16 national Teams and five international affiliated and associated astrobiology institutions. The NAI has attracted an outstanding group of scientific groups and individuals. The Institute facilitates the involvement of the scientists in its scientific and management vision. Its goal is to support basic research and allow the scientists the freedom to select their projects and alter them as indicated by new research. Additional missions include the education of the public, the involvement of students who will be the astrobiologists of future generations, and the development of a culture of collaboration in NAI, a "virtual institute," spread across many sites nationally and internationally.     

Dream project: Applications of earth observations to disaster risk management

The field of disaster risk management is relatively new and takes a structured approach to managing uncertainty related to the threat of natural and man-made disasters. Disaster risk management consists primarily of risk assessment and the development of strategies to mitigate disaster risk. This paper will discuss how increasing both Earth observation data and information technology capabilities can contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in Belize. The paper presents the results and recommendations of a project conducted by an international and interdisciplinary team of experts at the 2009 session of the International Space University in NASA Ames Research Center (California, USA). The aim is to explore the combination of current, planned and potential space-aided, airborne, and ground-based Earth observation tools, the emergence of powerful new web-based and mobile data management tools, and how this combination can support and improve the emerging field of disaster risk management. The starting point of the project was the World Bank’s Comprehensive Approach to Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA) program, focused in Central America. This program was used as a test bed to analyze current space technologies used in risk management and develop new strategies and tools to be applied in other regions around the world.     

Developments in Earth Observation data reception, dissemination and archival at National Remote Sensing Agency

With the rapid advancement in remote sensing technology and corresponding applications, the Earth Observation Ground Segment has undergone a significant change at NRSA. From dedicated data acquisition and processing systems, we have realized multi-mission data acquisition quick look and browse systems and also multi-mission integrated information management systems. Front end of data reception station has been upgraded to handle wider bandwidth and data rates up to 320 Mbps for near future missions such as the Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT). Antenna, feed, down converters and RF chain have been upgraded. To cater to multi-mission scenario mission independent, fully configurable demodulator/bit synchs have been deployed. For handling data acquisition in multi-satellite scenario where in data from 5 to 6 remote sensing satellites are to be received almost simultaneously, automation of operations has been incorporated towards station configuration to avoid manual errors. From media-based data handling, there has been a shift towards net centric data handling among the various work centers such as user order processing, data processing systems, special processing systems, data quality evaluation, and product quality control work centers. The turn around time for dissemination of user desired data products has been improved from two weeks to one day. Presently a state of the art integrated environment has been envisaged which will bring down the turn around time for the supply of data products significantly. Automation has been incorporated at both data acquisition and data processing to improve the product throughput. Presently NRSA is catering to a demand of about 30,000 data products per annum and in the next two years it is aimed to reach a level of 50,000 products per annum by realizing the integrated multi-mission ground system for earth observation (IMGEOS). This will significantly modify the entire data production and dissemination chain so that data can be made available to user within 1 h from data acquisition at Shadnagar in some cases. Some of these novel developments planned in the near future will be discussed in this paper.     

空间碎片撞击概率分析软件开发、校验与应用

航天器空间碎片撞击概率分析软件是我国独立设计开发的"空间碎片防护设计软件包"的重要组成部分。本文简要介绍了撞击概率分析软件的主要功能模块组成;重点对该软件的正确性进行了国际标准工况校验,并给出工程应用算例。     

Design and implementation of the flight dynamics system for COMS satellite mission operations

The first Korean multi-mission geostationary Earth orbit satellite, Communications, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) was launched by an Ariane 5 launch vehicle in June 26, 2010. The COMS satellite has three payloads including Ka-band communications, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, and Meteorological Imager. Although the COMS spacecraft bus is based on the Astrium Eurostar 3000 series, it has only one solar array to the south panel because all of the imaging sensors are located on the north panel. In order to maintain the spacecraft attitude with 5 wheels and 7 thrusters, COMS should perform twice a day wheel off-loading thruster firing operations, which affect on the satellite orbit. COMS flight dynamics system provides the general on-station functions such as orbit determination, orbit prediction, event prediction, station-keeping maneuver planning, station-relocation maneuver planning, and fuel accounting. All orbit related functions in flight dynamics system consider the orbital perturbations due to wheel off-loading operations. There are some specific flight dynamics functions to operate the spacecraft bus such as wheel off-loading management, oscillator updating management, and on-station attitude reacquisition management. In this paper, the design and implementation of the COMS flight dynamics system is presented. An object oriented analysis and design methodology is applied to the flight dynamics system design. Programming language C# within Microsoft .NET framework is used for the implementation of COMS flight dynamics system on Windows based personal computer.     

基于工作流的液体火箭发动机虚拟试验流程管理

以液体火箭发动机虚拟试验为对象,研究了数字化试验流程管理的解决方案。通过分析发动机虚拟试验流程,建立了基于工作流的试验管理系统过程仿真模型,提出了一个支撑整个试验管理系统的层次化体系架构。该架构为整个虚拟试验过程提供了统一的试验信息集成平台和应用服务环境。最后,以试验准备阶段为例,给出了该系统的一个集成应用,介绍了基于图形管理系统的实现过程,得到了过程中资源消耗优化的结论。所提出的液体火箭发动机虚拟试验流程管理体系为真实试验的资源优化提供了理论依据,在航天领域的数字化试验方面进行了探索性研究。     

一种多任务导航星座设计方法

在分析多任务导航星座中心任务和附加任务的基础上,用n 1重覆盖率评价星座对地面的覆盖性能,基于运筹图论对多任务星座设计及选星方案进行了研究。仿真结果表明,由该法确定的选星方案可满足多任务星座的使命要求。     

Management dynamics of NASA''s human spaceflight programs

The public management dynamics of human spaceflight at NASA in the post-Apollo era—Space Shuttle, International Space Station, and the United States national vision for space exploration—are examined. A number of variables are applied to assess this. Public management processes are identified as a function of political accountability, organizational decision-making and cultures, and technical aspects directed at high reliability and safety of the large-scale, complex, and high-risk technologies that characterize NASA's human spaceflight programs. The findings indicate that these variables are causally linked to management outcomes through dynamics of centralized and decentralized organizational approaches. The success or failure of NASA's human spaceflight programs are linked to organizational management based on dynamics between centralized aspects of management, like controls over cost and schedule, and decentralized aspects, such as engineering authority over technical development.