考虑月球扁率修正的月球卫星自主导航

针对月球扁率对月球紫外敏感器的月心方向矢量确定的不利影响,研究了月球紫外敏感器的测量原理和敏感到月平边缘时满足的几何约束,提出了一种考虑月球扁率的月心矢量确定方法。并进一步的结合地球敏感器和太阳敏感器的测量信息,研究了基于日地月方位信息的月球卫星自主轨道算法,并评估了月球方位确定算法对导航精度的影响。仿真结果表明,在太阳敏感器、地球敏感器和月球敏感器的精度分别为0.02°(3σ)、 0.05°(3σ) 和0.1°(3σ)的假设下,考虑月球扁率修正的月球卫星的自主导航位置精度能达到300m(3σ),导航速度误差能达到0.6m/s(3σ), 从而保证了环月卫星的导航精度。     

在嫦娥一号探月工程中求定月球重力场问题的探讨

月球重力场制约着近月外空间物体的运动，同时环月飞行器的运动也反映了月球重力场的作用。本文结合我国嫦娥一号探月工程，探讨了利用月球卫星地面跟踪资料，求定月球重力场的基本理论和方法，分析了环月卫星的轨道高度、地面跟踪采样时间间隔和跟踪精度等对月球重力场求定的影响。     

月球重力场对“嫦娥一号”近月轨道的影响

2008年12月6日“嫦娥一号”卫星开始了为期半个月的变轨试验,卫星距离月球表面最近处 约为15 km,这在国内尚属首次。试验期间,国内USB和VLBI测控网进行了跟踪测量,获取了 卫星不同飞行高度的测轨资料。通过对变轨试验期间的USB和VLBI测量数据的定轨计算,分 析了月球重力场误差对于绕月低轨卫星的影响,计算表明,尽管目前的月球重力场模型高阶 项由于没有月球背面的测量数据而不准确,但对绕月低轨卫星的定轨精度提高仍然有重要帮 助。分析了VLBI数据对绕月低轨卫星定轨的贡献,比较了USB数据单独定轨以及USB和 VLBI联合定轨两种情况,结果表明VLBI数据的加入可有效提高定轨精度。该工作对于我国后 续月球探测工程具有一定的借鉴意义。
     

环月轨道器运动中的月球物理天平动问题

采用类似对地球岁差章动的处理方法,讨论月球物理天平动对月心赤道坐标系 以及月球卫星轨道的影响。在对月球物理天平动的分析表达式与高精度数值历表进行比较的 基础上,给出了相应的月球引力位的变化及相应的坐标系附加摄动解,清楚地表明了对月球 卫星轨道影响的规律。所获结果与数值解进行了比对,证实了从定性和定量两个方面来看本 文的讨论都是有意义的,从而表明月球物理天平动分析解的简单表达式在某些问题中（特别 是定轨和预报）是有实用价值的,而且在建立轨道摄动分析解时,无需像地球卫星那样,去 引进混合形式的轨道坐标系,采用历元月心平赤道坐标系即可。最终表明：无论是采用数值 法定轨和预报还是分析法定轨和预报,均可采用统一的月心平赤道坐标系,这可避免一些不 必要的坐标转换。     

LRO和LCROSS探月计划：科学探测的分析与启示

简要阐述了美国的月球勘测轨道器（LRO）和月球坑观测与遥感卫星（LCROSS）两个月球探测器的任务概况,并重点分析了其科学目标、有效载荷与探测任务,总结了LRO和LCROSS的初步探测成果,提出了对未来月球探测的几点启示：①月球南极是探月竞争的战略制高点;②高分辨地形测绘是探月重点;③月球上的水是热点科学问题;④月面环...     

休斯环月救星工作结束

休斯环月救星工作结束休斯全球服务（ＨＧＳ）公司６月１８日成功地完成了利用月球引力抢救一颗发射失败的卫星的工作，卫星经两度环月飞行已到达太平洋上空的静地轨道位置。这颗ＨＳ６０１卫星原归香港亚星公司所有，称亚星３，去年底发射时因火箭故障而滞留在一条无用的...     

月球大地测量学的进展

月球大地测量的一个特点是它的观测数据绝大部分都要依赖航天探测器或环月、绕月卫星来获取。月球大地测量的内容可以考虑有三个方面：一是在月球上给出一个有确定定义的坐标参考系，并在其中布测一个控制网；二是确定这一月球参考系的大地测量几何和物理常数；三是求定月球的外部重力场。     

月食对环月卫星运行影响及对策分析

从月食与环月卫星的关系出发，讨论了月食对卫星的影响机理。针对如何尽量缩短卫星进入地影时间的问题，给出了相位调整的概念和原理，同时介绍了卫星有效进影时间的概念，说明了相位调整方法的可行性。最后通过实例应用给出了相位调整的效果。文章所介绍的分析和控制方法对于环月卫星具有较广泛的适用性，可以在我国后续的月球探测任务中作为参考依据。     

卫星跟踪卫星应用于月球重力场探测的模拟研究

月球卫星跟踪卫星技术作为月球和行星重力场探测的一种解决方案已经初步研究和讨论。文章引入已有的解析方法在理论上分析卫星间精密测距与月球重力场信号的频率响应关系，并通过模拟计算，以分析月球卫星跟踪卫星方法应用于月球重力场探测的可行性和恢复重力场的能力。由于月球卫星跟踪卫星方法是目前解决远月面重力探测最有潜力的方法之一，且已为一些月球探测计划采用，而我国的月球探测计划也同样面，临远月面探测的难题，文章的研究成果可为我国月球和行星重力场的探测提供参考。     

高阶次月球重力场模型截断下的低轨环月卫星轨道受摄分析

研究低轨月球卫星在月球非球形摄动和地球第三体引力摄动作用下轨道高度变化问题.首先依据Kaula准则比较分析目前国际上公认的最精确的两个重力场模型GLGM-2和LP165P,提出了在一定阶次截断重力场模型的问题,然后通过仿真不同阶次重力场模型作用下轨道高度为50km的圆形极轨道环月卫星轨道特征的变化,验证了 50km以上高度卫星非球形摄动分析时可以将重力场模型截断至一定阶次的结论,并利用截断至70阶次的重力场模型仿真得到了50km和200km圆轨道卫星无控条件下正常运行的时间.最后在仿真地球引力对200km圆轨道卫星高度影响的基础E仿真其在月球非球形和地球引力摄动作用下轨道要素变化,对低轨环月卫星轨道保持控制提供依据.     

Development of a high-precision selenodetic coordinate system for the physical surface of the Moon based on LED beacons on its surface

The paper presents a mathematical algorithm for processing an array of angular measurements of light beacons on images of the lunar surface onboard a polar artificial lunar satellite (PALS) during the Luna–Glob mission and coordinate–time referencing of the PALS for the development of reference selenocentric coordinate systems. The algorithm makes it possible to obtain angular positions of point light beacons located on the surface of the Moon in selenocentric celestial coordinates. The operation of measurement systems that determine the position and orientation of the PALS during its active existence have been numerically simulated. Recommendations have been made for the optimal use of different types of measurements, including ground radio trajectory measurements, navigational star sensors based on the onboard star catalog, gyroscopic orientation systems, and space videos of the lunar surface.     

The use of three-impulse transfer to insert the spacecraft into the high Moon Artificial Satellite orbits

The problem of the optimal spacecraft’s insertion from the Earth into the high circular polar Moon Artificial Satellite’s orbit (MAS) with a radius of 4000–8000 km has been investigated. A comparison of single- and three-impulse insertion schemes has been performed. The analysis was made taking into account the disturbances from the lunar gravity field harmonics and the gravity fields of the Earth and the Sun, as well as the engine’s limited thrust. It has been shown that the three-impulse transfer from the initial selenocentric hyperbola of the approach into the considered final high MAS orbit is noticeably better with respect to the final mass than the ordinary single-impulse deceleration. The control parameters that implement this maneuver and provide nearly the same energy expenses as in the Keplerian case have been presented. It was found that, in contrast to the Keplerian case, in the considered case of the real gravity field, there is the optimal maximum distance of the maneuver. Recently, the Moon exploration problem became actual again.     

同轴喷嘴自发激励高频燃烧不稳定性试验研究

为增进对液氧煤油火箭发动机同轴离心喷嘴燃烧不稳定性过程的理解,在大气环境下进行了同轴离心喷嘴的自发激励燃烧不稳定性试验。试验采用单喷嘴敞口模拟燃烧室,高温的氧气和空气混合物从同轴喷嘴的直流喷嘴喷注,高温的煤油蒸气从同轴喷嘴的离心喷嘴喷注。通过逐步改变氧化剂流量使模拟燃烧室内产生自发激励高频燃烧不稳定性,使用脉动压力传感器和黑白高速相机记录稳定和不稳定燃烧工况下的脉动压力和火焰。研究发现：气气同轴离心喷嘴的自发激励高频燃烧不稳定过程呈现“滞后”现象;不稳定工况下的火焰均为脱口火焰,火焰特征长度约等于喷嘴出口到脱口火焰团上沿的距离;气气同轴离心喷嘴燃烧不稳定性的发生原因可以被认为是因混合特征时间与声学特征时间相关。     

Sensitive detection of narrowband pulses

Highly monochromatic signals, such as TV carriers, can be detected sensitively by using a narrow filter (b < or = 1 Hz) and performing power accumulation on its output. If instead a low-duty-cycle pulsed signal of the same total energy is present, the sensitivity of a square law device, followed by a thresholding operation (to eliminate most samples containing only noise), followed by the algorithm to be described, is greater by about 7 dB in typical cases. This is particularly interesting to SETI because such a pulsed signal is exactly what is sent by a rotating beacon with a directional antenna. Such a pulsed signal is, therefore, a good candidate for an extraterrestrial beacon. Software for detecting this signal type is now ready for field testing with the NASA Multichannel Spectrum Analyzer (MCSA).     

基于专家控制系统的发动机入口压力闭环控制方案

液体火箭发动机在地面试验过程中,试车台推进剂供应系统必须保证发动机的入口压力在任务要求的范围内,而目前采用压力继电器控制进气电磁阀来调节入口压力,这种方式调节精度低,响应滞后。根据试车台增压系统的特点和增压系统开环控制数年所积累的经验,提出基于专家控制思想和以孔板矩阵作为执行机构的压力闭环控制方案。该控制方法无需精确的数学模型,又能按照设定的精度智能调节增压孔板矩阵,使发动机入口压力自动跟随设定值而变化。     

液氢加注管道设计研究

文章介绍了一种典型漏热工况下液氢加注管道内径的选择方法。选择合适内径的加注管道能够降低液氢的加注消耗量,降低试验成本。液氢加注消耗主要包括:预冷管道液氢消耗;克服流阻液氢消耗;热侵造成的液氢消耗。根据典型漏热工况的要求,进行了管道的绝热结构设计。上述方法已被应用于某型号试验容器加注管道的设计和加工,并通过实际运行,对其加注效率和预冷液氢消耗量进行了核实。     

基于接触理论的一类带锁定机构的间隙铰链分析模型研究

重点研究一类在我国航天器上得到广泛应用的带有锁定机构的间隙铰链，基于接触理论建立了该类型间隙铰链的分析模型。首先，将铰链零件间的接触力假设为单向的非线性弹簧，并将铰链简化为由非线性弹簧组约束的摆；然后。将展开扭簧假设为线性力矩弹簧，得到包含间隙影响的铰链的力矩-转角关系曲线。通过仿真分析和试验验证，认为铰链的力矩转角关系曲线是分段光滑的。是铰链结构尺寸、零件间隙以及材料特性的函数。呈现出明显的非线性特征。     

Numerical form-finding of geotensoid tension truss for mesh reflector

The parabolic surface of most large deployable reflectors is formed by a reflective mesh attached to a cable net. This paper presents a new approach to calculate a geodesic tension truss that ensures both appropriate node positioning and uniform tension. It is based on a force density strategy coupled with geometrical constraints. Uniform tension is achieved by iterations on coefficients of force density. Nodes of net are located on the paraboloid by controlling additional forces. Several applications illustrate the method on various types of net patterns and parabolic surfaces. The accuracy of obtained net is then evaluated by calculation of the systematic surface error due to faceting. Attachment of the net to a rim structure with additional cables is also discussed.     

Determining total ozone content in the atmosphere using satellite measurements

In this paper a simple method is presented which is applicable for fast determination of total ozone content in the earth atmosphere by using IR radiation intensity data from satellite measurements. The method is based on the property that transmittance of inhomogeneous atmosphere in the 9.6 μm band can be well approximated by the transmittance of a homogeneous ozone slab characterized by its effective pressure and temperature. The effective pressure and temperature were determined as mean values weighted by the average ozone profile of each season. The transmission functions were computed from an empirical formula. Free parameters in the formula were determined by a multiple regression scheme, on the basis of the transmittance data either measured in the laboratory or evaluated by computations using a line by line integration procedure. The main advantage of the described method is an easy and fast computation procedure. According to comparison with direct ozone sounding the accuracy is good enough: the average relative error lies between 5 and 7%.