面向小推力变轨的天文组合自主导航方法

针对小行星探测任务对导航系统自主性强、实时性高的需求,研究了一种面向小推力变轨的天文组合自主导航方法。根据工程实践分析并建立了电推进变轨过程中的动力学模型,给出了天文测角测速组合的小行星探测自主导航方案。为克服小行星探测器推力的不确定性,提出了采用自适应交互式多模型无迹卡尔曼滤波(AIMM-UKF)算法,以较少的模型个数实现对导航系统状态的覆盖,克服了模型集合先验信息不准确对导航精度的影响,提高了组合导航系统的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。最后,通过数学仿真对组合导航算法的性能进行了验证,结果表明本文提出的组合导航方法估计精度更高、计算消耗更小,可满足小行星探测工程任务对导航系统自主性、实时性和高精度的需求。     

一种星光折射卫星自主导航系统方案设计

利用星光折射间接敏感地平的卫星自主导航方案具有导航精度高、自主性强的特点,是一种极具应用潜力的自主导航方案。在基于星光折射的自主导航方案中,折射星的准确识别与折射角的精确获取是实现高精度导航的基础。提出了一种基于双星敏感器,利用连续高度星图模拟与匹配技术实现高精度折射星识别和折射角获取的方法,并在此基础上设计了一种新颖的基于星光折射的卫星自主导航系统方案。同时,为了验证该方案的可行性,设计了相关的折射星仿真程序,以轨道高度为686km的对地观测卫星为例进行计算机仿真验证,结果表明在星敏感器精度为3″时,该导航系统平均位置误差约为145m,最大位置误差不超过400m。     

天问一号火星探测器EDL过程自主导航技术

针对天问一号探测器进入、下降和着陆(EDL)过程的大动态、强不确定性给导航系统带来的挑战,基于多敏感器信息融合理论,设计了天问一号探测器高容错强自主着陆导航算法,以实现在EDL过程大不确定性、多敏感器故障以及陀螺饱和带来的姿态基准丢失情况下的导航状态准确可靠估计.天问一号探测器实际在轨飞行结果验证了自主导航系统设计的正...     

基于联邦UKF算法的月球探测器自主组合导航

研究了月球探测器在地一月转移轨道阶段的自主导航方法，提出了利用地月位置信息和星光角距测量信息实现探测器自主组合导航的方案。针对导航系统的状态方程非线性的特点，将Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法和信息融合技术相结合，设计了新的联邦滤波器并应用于自主导航系统中。对这种导航方案进行了数值仿真，和传统的联邦滤波算法进行了比较。仿真结果表明，所提出的组合导航方法和联邦滤波算法的导航位置估计精度约为1km，速度估计精度约为0．01m／s，并且具有良好的鲁棒性和容错性能。     

航天器的自主导航技术

本文首先总结航天器自主导航技术的发展史，在此基础上分折了目前几种候选的自主导航系统，对比了它们的性能和优缺点。然后介绍了自主导航技术及系统组成规律。着重介绍了载人飞船自主导航系统的组成，自主导航的算法。最后提出了发展我国飞船自主导航系统的建议。     

一种基于信息融合的深空巡航段自主导航算法

针对自主光学导航在深空巡航段应用中的问题,提出了一种基于信息融合的自主导航算法。由太阳敏感器测量获得太阳相对探测器的视线矢量,由分光计测量获得探测器相对太阳的径向速度,构建自主导航系统的两种信息观测方程;由基于状态估计误差协方差阵奇异值动态确定信息分配因子,用信息融合技术和扩展卡尔曼滤波算法实时估计探测器的位置与速度。对深度撞击任务的实际飞行数据的数值仿真结果表明:自主导航算法的轨道确定精度满足深空巡航段要求。     

相对轨道自主确定方法的改进

编队飞行卫星相对轨道的确定具有重要意义。本文提出一种完全自主的定轨方案,在利用星间测量信息实现编队飞行卫星自主定轨的基础上,引入太阳敏感器测量信息,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法提高环绕星相对轨道确定精度。仿真结果验证了这种导航方案和算法的有效性。     

空间转移飞行器自主导航系统的信息融合方法

针对空间转移飞行器的工作环境和特点,分析了捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)、GPS和星敏感器(SS)的优缺点,提出了基于SINS/GPS/SS的空间转移飞行器自主导航系统的信息融合方法,该方法可取长补短,将GPS定位和星敏感器定姿精度高的优势辅助于捷联惯导系统,建立了组合导航滤波模型,利用联邦滤波组合导航中各子滤波器没有私有状态变量的特点,改进了联邦Kalman滤波器,可动态地选取并优化信息分配因子,便于实时处理。仿真结果表明,改进的联邦滤波算法能充分运用各导航系统的信息进行信息互补和信息融合,比传统的联邦滤波算法有更高的估计精度,可满足空间转移飞行器长时间的自主导航要求,是一种较理想的自主导航方案,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

基于VC＋＋的小型无人机地面控制导航软件设计

利用VC＋＋研究无人机地面控制导航系统,将无人机的控制和导航集成在一个软件中,实现对无人机的遥控、遥测数据接收、飞机的飞行控制及航迹的编辑显示,能够对小型无人机进行控制和导航。     

基于太阳观测的深空巡航段自主导航方法研究

针对基于小行星观测的自主光学导航在深空巡航段应用中存在的问题,提出了两种基 于太阳观测的自主导航方法。以太阳视线矢量为基本观测量,分别利用分光计和星载导航相 机测量探测器相对于太阳的径向速度和导航天体相对于探测器的视线矢量,进而构建了基于 太阳信息和视线信息的两种观测方案。对两种观测方案的原理和观测方程进行了详细分析和 推导,并采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法实时估计探测器轨道。最后,以深度撞击任务的实际飞行 数据对本文提出的两种自主导航方法进行仿真验证。结果表明,两种自主导航方法的轨道估 计精度满足深空巡航段的要求。
     

Project of Ariane 5 LV family advancement by use of reusable fly-back boosters (named “Bargouzine”)

The paper concerns possible concept variants of a partially reusable Heavy-Lift Launch Vehicle derived from the advanced basic launcher (Ariane-2010) by means of substitution of the EAP Solid Rocket Boosters for a Reusable Starting Stage consisting two Liquid-propellant Reusable Fly-Back Boosters called “Bargouzin”.This paper describes the status of the presently studied RFBB concepts during its three phases.The first project phase was dedicated to feasibility expertise of liquid-rocket reusable fly-back boosters (“Baikal” type) utilization for heavy-lift space launch vehicle. The design features and main conclusions are presented.The second phase has been performed with the purpose of selection of preferable concept among the alternative ones for the future Ariane LV modernization by using RFBB instead of EAP Boosters. The main requirements, logic of work, possible configuration and conclusion are presented. Initial aerodynamic, ballistic, thermoloading, dynamic loading, trade-off and comparison analysis have been performed on these concepts.The third phase consists in performing a more detailed expertise of the chosen LV concept. This part summarizes some of the more detailed results related to flight performance, system mass, thermoprotection system, aspects of technologies, ground complex modification, comparison analyses and conclusion.     

Project of Ariane 5 LV family advancement by use of reusable fly-back boosters (named “Bargouzine”)

The paper concerns possible concept variants of a partially reusable Heavy-Lift Launch Vehicle derived from the advanced basic launcher (Ariane-2010) by means of substitution of the EAP Solid Rocket Boosters for a Reusable Starting Stage consisting two Liquid-propellant Reusable Fly-Back Boosters called “Bargouzin”.This paper describes the status of the presently studied RFBB concepts during its three phases.The first project phase was dedicated to feasibility expertise of liquid-rocket reusable fly-back boosters (“Baikal” type) utilization for heavy-lift space launch vehicle. The design features and main conclusions are presented.The second phase has been performed with the purpose of selection of preferable concept among the alternative ones for the future Ariane LV modernization by using RFBB instead of EAP Boosters. The main requirements, logic of work, possible configuration and conclusion are presented. Initial aerodynamic, ballistic, thermoloading, dynamic loading, trade-off and comparison analysis have been performed on these concepts.The third phase consists in performing a more detailed expertise of the chosen LV concept. This part summarizes some of the more detailed results related to flight performance, system mass, thermoprotection system, aspects of technologies, ground complex modification, comparison analyses and conclusion.     

Development of the RFBB “Bargouzine” concept for Ariane-5 evolution

This paper presents the study of a concept of Ariane-5 evolution by means of replacement of two solid-propellant boosters EAP with two liquid-propellant reusable fly-back boosters (RFBBs) called “Bargouzine”. The main design feature of the reference RFBB is LOX/LH2 propellant, the canard aerodynamic configuration with delta wings and rocket engines derived from Vulcain-2 identical to that of the central core except for the nozzle length. After separation RFBBs return back by use of air breathing engines mounted in the aft part and then landing on a runway.The aim of the study is a more detailed investigation of critical technology issues concerning reliability, re-usability and maintenance requirements. The study was performed in three main phases: system trade-off, technical consolidation, and programmatic synthesis. The system trade-off includes comparative analysis of two systems with three and four engines on each RFBB and determination of the necessary thrust level taking into account thrust reservation for emergency situations. Besides, this phase contains trade-off on booster aerodynamic configurations and abort scenario analysis.The second phase includes studying of controllability during the ascent phase and separation, thermo-mechanical design, development of ground interfaces and attachment means, and turbojets engine analysis taking into account reusability.     

近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统Simulink仿真研究

近空间高超声速飞行器具有高动态性特点,能实现精确打击,要保证其高精度,导航系统是关键。惯性导航技术具有可靠性好、输出连续的优点,是近空间巡航飞行器的核心导航系统。本文利用Simulink与M语言结合完成对近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统的仿真研究。构建了近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统的Simulink仿真模型,通过对静基座下的惯导导航误差进行分析,验证了仿真系统的正确性。对近空间高超声速飞行器的航迹进行了仿真,分析了飞行速度对向心加速度及哥氏加速度的影响,对开展近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统的研究具有良好的参考意义。     

垂直起降可重复使用运载器发展现状与关键技术分析

重复使用运载技术是降低单次发射成本、提高发射密度和减少残骸危害的有效手段,随着以Falcon 9系列为代表的垂直起降运载器的成功回收与重复使用,其在商业航天发射市场表现出了较强的竞争力,掀起了可重复使用运载器的研究新热潮。首先梳理了垂直起降可重复使用运载器的发展现状,然后结合垂直起降运载的任务特征分析了其关键技术,最后总结了垂直起降运载器的发展趋势。     

飞行器固体火箭助推器设计优化方法比较

综合考虑飞行器总体设计约束、轨道设计、气动特性与固体火箭助推器设计间相互影响的情况下,建立了飞行器固体火箭助推器总体/气动/轨道/动力多学科的系统分析模型和设计优化模型。采用传统设计优化方法和多学科设计优化(MDO)方法进行了固体火箭助推器设计优化。结果表明,固体推进单学科的最优设计不等价于飞行器总体多学科的最优设计;与传统设计优化方法相比,MDO方法一次设计优化就可得到满足飞行器总体设计指标的最优设计,得到内外弹道相匹配的助推器最优推力-时间曲线。传统设计优化方法需要飞行器总体和固体推进学科两个设计优化过程不断迭代协调,容易漏掉满足飞行器总体设计指标的最优设计。采用MDO方法,可提高固体火箭助推器的设计质量,大大减少设计迭代次数,从而缩短设计周期。     

An alternative to Hermes a solution for the European space industry

A variety of valuable roles can be foreseen during the next two decades for a reusable, piloted launch vehicle with a small payload. The authors argue that unfortunately, as currently proposed, the Hermes-Ariane 5 vehicle will not be able to fill the roles required. The authors propose a reusable aerospace transporter-a variant of Hermes - which will provide a solution and allow Europe to take the lead in developing the first fully reusable launch vehicle.     

运载火箭助推器伞控回收方案及安全性分析

近年来民营航天公司在火箭回收技术上取得了巨大的突破和成功,受到了广泛关注,各国各种先进回收技术和方案也在验证中,我国也已加速开展回收方案论证和试验验证。提出了一种简单可靠、子系统成熟、成本低廉且具备快速搭载飞行试验演示验证条件的回收方案,该方案采取伞降减速、翼伞落点控制及支腿着陆防护的方式回收助推器,可以作为我国火箭回收工程实践的第一步,为后续回收技术研究和实践积累经验和数据。通过助推器分离仿真分析、再入过程气动计算及姿态仿真计算表明助推器回收方案不影响主飞行任务安全性,再入回收过程可控,具备工程实施的可行性。     

Parameters and Trajectory Overall Optimization Design of the Combined Cycle Engine Reusable Launch Vehicle

Reusable launch vehicle is an important way to realize fast,cheap and reliable space transportation.A combined cycle engine system provides a more efficient and flexible form of power.The investigation on the research status of the combined cycle engine technology,including basic principle,research programs and classification of structure is firstly discussed in this paper.Then the bilevel hierarchical and integrated parameters/trajectory overall optimization technologies are applied to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of overall vehicle design.Simulations are implemented to compare and analyze the effectiveness and adaptability of the two algorithms,in order to provide the technical reserves and beneficial references for further research on combined cycle engine reusable launch vehicles.     

动力冗余液体捆绑火箭的POGO稳定性分析

针对动力冗余和交叉输送技术向液体捆绑火箭的POGO振动稳定性分析提出的新任务,考虑独立工作(模式1)、一台助推发动机故障助推贮箱向芯级发动机供给推进剂(模式2)和两助推器同时向芯级发动机供给推进剂(模式3)三种工作模式,利用改进的Rubin方法分别建立液体捆绑火箭POGO稳定性的分析模型。数值计算分析表明,模式1和3下,POGO稳定性对助推蓄压器能量值的敏感程度强过芯级蓄压器。降低泵增益能提高液体捆绑火箭POGO稳定性,其中氧化剂泵的影响强于燃料泵,助推泵的影响强于芯级泵。助推燃料泵柔度的增加会降低燃路系统频率,可能诱发POGO振动,其中模式2下影响最大。本文工作为优化液体捆绑火箭动力冗余系统、抑制POGO振动提供了理论依据。