面向深空通信的DTN网络跨层包大小的优化设计

基于延迟/中断容忍网络中束协议/利克里德传输协议(LTP)栈,提出一种用于深空通信的跨层包大小的优化方案。该方案可以根据信道误比特率、文件大小、信道传播时延和链路数据速率等条件得到最优的束大小、LTP块大小和LTP段大小,最小化深空通信中的文件传递时延。文中针对跨层包大小对文件传递时延的影响进行了分析,并且给出了跨层包大小的优化方案。同时,仿真并分析了信道误比特率、文件大小、信道传播时延和数据速率对最优的LTP段大小的影响以及跨层包大小优化方案所带来的性能增益。理论分析和仿真结果表明,在深空通信环境中,该优化方案可以根据特定的空间任务和环境特性优化跨层包大小,相比于未优化跨层包大小的方案,有效地提高了网络的吞吐量。     

延迟/中断容忍网络技术及其在行星际因特网中的应用

延迟/中断容忍网络(DTN)采用一种新的端到端的覆盖层网络体系结构,是实现行星际因特网(IPN)的一种重要技术途径。文章首先论述了DTN应用于航天的几种网络协议的特点,包括束协议、利克里德传输协议(LTP)、空间数据系统咨询委员会文件传输协议(CFDP)和Saratoga协议,并分析了DTN路由算法的特点和DTN网络软件的实现,然后总结了NASA在遥感、空间站、中继通信和深空探测等任务情景下进行的DTN飞行验证试验的技术特点。针对我国未来天基综合信息网建设的需求,提出了DTN技术在体系结构、汇聚层协议、路由算法和网关节点设计方面值得关注的问题。     

深空通信DTN应用研究

容延迟网络（DTN）体系结构依靠一种新的严格的框架,能够集成深空环境异构网络技 术,为解决深空通信面临的许多重要问题提供了有效解决途径。分析了未来深空通信网络面 临的难题;阐述了深空通信网络协议的研究现状;深入剖析了DTN体系结构,并从研究和项 目两个层面详细介绍了深空通信DTN研究进展;讨论了深空通信中应用DTN的一些关键技术问 题,并分析了DTN在我国未来深空测控通信的应用前景。
     

DTN协议在空间信息网络中的应用研究

针对空间信息网络具有的子网异构、拓扑易变、链路传输延迟大、误码率高等特点,研究了适用于其中的延迟/中断容忍网络(Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network,DTN)协议。首先阐述了CCSDS DTN协议应用于空间网络互联服务的体系结构,介绍了当前支撑空间DTN应用的Bundle、LTP等多种主要的空间信息传输协议及其特性。针对我国空间信息网络的特点,分析了我国现阶段对CCSDS DTN协议体系的应用需求,提出了适于我国实际的基于CCSDS DTN的空间信息网络协议体系设计构想,同时给出了火星探测场景实例;最后搭建了网络实验仿真平台,用以验证分析DTN相关协议在空间通信中的有效性和优越性。仿真效果直观可信,可为我国空间信息网络建设提供仿真依据和理论参考。     

面向深空通信的LTP多会话数据聚合策略

针对LTP单会话传输中信道利用率不足的问题,本文基于多会话传输机制及数据聚合方法,提出了一种面向未来深空通信的LTP多会话数据聚合策略。结合深空信道非对称的特点,从避免上行信道拥塞的角度,对多会话聚合过程进行了简要的数学分析,得到了Bundle聚合数下界。在地月、地火场景中仿真分析了Bundle聚合的影响因素及聚合机理。结果表明聚合策略能有效提高深空信道利用率,非常适用于上下行速率比偏低、Bundle长度较小的深空通信场景。     

面向深空通信的LTP异步加速重传策略

针对LTP会话中链路利用率不高的问题,本文通过改进会话传输机制,提出了一种面向未来深空通信的LTP异步加速重传策略。在对LTP会话传输过程建模分析的基础上,仿真验证了理论模型的正确性。为加速启动重传过程,采用了一种由接收端触发的异步加速重传方法,对异步加速重传过程建模,并给出了平均文件传输时间的表达式。在地月、地火场景中比较分析了改进策略的性能。结果表明异步加速重传策略可有效提高数据传输效率,非常适用于极长距离、高误码率的深空通信场景。     

传输/反射法测量复介电常数的三个方程研究

介绍了利用传输／反射参数测量复介电常数的三个方程。利用奇偶模方法分析传输线与二端口网络，得到传播常数与归一化特性阻抗的解析解。进而得到确定复介电常数的三个方程。利用这些方程仅用一次测量解决已有传输／反射法中存在的低损耗材料的厚度谐振问题、多值性问题及其它问题。讨论了利用这三个方程通过一次测量解决上述问题的方法并分析了这些方程的测量不确定度。最后给出了实验结果。     

航天飞机最优再入轨迹的近似解析解及分析

本文将航天飞机最优再入轨迹假设为三个飞行段,即常值热流飞行段、平衡滑翔飞行段,等阻力过载飞行段,由此导出了最优再入轨迹的近似解析解。通过对解析解的结构分析,以及与精确数值解的比较,说明了该三段假设的合理性,以及近似解的次优性。     

深空通信中延迟否定确认型CFDP的延时估算

根据深空通信的通信环境和长距离传输协议的时延,分析了空间数据系统咨询委员会(CCSDS)高级在轨系统中延迟否定确认信息型文件传输协议(CFDP)的文件传输机理,给出了应用此协议时延时的计算方法.仿真分析了影响延时的误码率、传输速率,以及协议数据单元(PDU)的大小和数量等的影响,获得了典型应用条件下深空通信中对误码率的要求.结果表明:CFDP可在深空探测大延时条件下正确传输文件,满足有效性要求.     

延迟中断容忍网络路由技术综述

延迟中断容忍网络(DTN)是针对极端环境下无稳定端到端连接应用场景的一种网络架构。首先分析DTN逐跳传输、能力受限、场景复杂等主要网络特性。然后对比分析了转发、复制、效用、社会、编码五种路由要素,及其代表性DTN路由算法的性能。最后对典型路由算法进行性能对比,并指出如何对DTN路由算法进行评估和选择。通过技术综述为DTN路由算法研究提供参考。     

燃气发生器喷注器内氧腔三维流动分析

采用计算流体力学方法数值模拟了某型液体火箭发动机燃气发生器氧腔内部流动,详细分析了氧腔内部的三维流动特性。从压力分布等方面分析了造成喷嘴流量分布不均匀的原因,并据此对发生器结构进行了改进,结果表明喷嘴流量分配均匀性得到了明显改善。     

Inflection points in the development of energy in space

Basing his comments around a report on the Space Power Systems 1997 conference, ‘Energy and Space for Humanity’, held in Montreal, 24-28 August 1997, Richard Boudreault describes the progress made in getting the concept of power from space accepted by the terrestrial utilities. Increasing worries about the sustainability of current power sources together with deregulation of power distribution make space power more attractive. However, the high cost of access to space is a barrier, though this is starting to fall.     

Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

Entrapment of bacteria in fluid inclusions in laboratory-grown halite

Cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were genetically modified to produce green fluorescent protein, were entrapped in fluid inclusions in laboratory-grown halite. The bacteria were used to inoculate NaCl-saturated aqueous solutions, which were allowed to evaporate and precipitate halite. The number, size, and distribution of fluid inclusions were highly variable, but did not appear to be affected by the presence of the bacteria. Many of the inclusions in crystals from inoculated solutions contained cells in populations ranging from two to 20. Microbial attachment to crystal surfaces was neither evident nor necessary for entrapment. Cells occurred exclusively within fluid inclusions and were not present in the crystal matrix. In both the inclusions and the hypersaline solution, the cells fluoresced and twitched, which indicates that the bacteria might have remained viable after entrapment. The fluorescence continued up to 13 months after entrapment, which indicates that little degradation of the bacteria occurred over that time interval. The entrapment, fluorescence, and preservation of cells were independent of the volume of hypersaline solution used or whether the solutions were completely evaporated prior to crystal extraction. The results of this study have a wide range of implications for the long-term survival of microorganisms in fluid inclusions and their detection through petrography. The results also demonstrate the preservation potential for microbes in hypersaline fluid inclusions, which could allow cells to survive harsh conditions of space, the deep geologic past, or burial in sedimentary basins.     

Power law distribution in statistics of failures in operation of spacecraft onboard equipment

The possibility of using the statistics of recurrence time for extreme events is studied in this paper having in mind the problems of control and prediction of failures in spacecraft operation. The information about failures onboard satellites of various types presented by the US National Geophysical Data Center was analyzed. It was found that the probability density of recurrence intervals followed a power law of the Pareto type with an index equal to 2.3. The obtained result is consistent both with the theory of normal catastrophes and with the principle of self-organization of criticality for metastable active heterogeneous environment. A practical consequence of the obtained result consists in the fact that predictions of these extreme events should not rely on traditional models with the second-order Pearson statistics. To make predictions, the models are necessary that take into account the power law distribution of recurrence intervals for failures on satellites. The failures should be considered in these models as extreme events connected with manifestation of the space environment factors.     

航空航天复合材料非热压罐成型研究进展

介绍了复合材料非热压罐成型的研究进展,包括非热罐成型用的树脂体系、预浸料技术、纤维自动铺放技术以及双真空袋成型工艺等,探讨了非热压罐技术的发展现状和前景。     

航天科技集团公司2006年工作要点

中国航天科技集团公司党组一号文件部署了集团公司2006年九个方面的工作要点。现将这九个要点归纳为四大板块,同时将每个要点的详细内容逐一呈现,以便读者学习、领会与掌握。     

Current barriers and factors of success in the diffusion of satellite services in Europe

Satellite services benefit civil society by helping tackle challenges such as climate change, the digital divide, etc. They have the potential to deliver concrete benefits to European society through innovative services supporting economic, societal and environmental policies. Such benefits can trigger increased public support for space in Europe. However, this potential has yet to be achieved. This paper argues that technological bias, the diversity of interests and initiatives among stakeholders and their individual actions do not always serve their collective objective to ensure wide diffusion of satellite services. It draws on theories of diffusion of innovation and on its authors' participatory work with the space and the user communities and at their interface in an effort to help diffuse satellite services within civil society. One of the major causes of insufficient service diffusion is the weakness of the interface between the space and user communities; some of factors that currently contribute to this state of affairs are the space community's over-reliance on publicly financed, technical demonstration projects as solutions to service diffusion; insufficient coordination by public authorities of innovation policies and programmes with other public policies and objectives; and an insufficient integration of satellite services within users' culture, traditional tools and services. The discussion allows for conclusions to be drawn on how the system of stakeholders could function better in order for satellite services to be successfully diffused in Europe.     

高等数学教学中数学建模思想的渗透

本文从数学建模及其重要意义角度出发,指出了学习数学建模的必要性和现在数学教学中存在的主要问题。学习高等数学的目的在于应用数学思想方法解决实际问题,将数学建模思想渗透到高等数学课程中,可提高学生应用数学知识和方法解决实际问题的能力,培养学生的数学素养、创新意识、创新精神和能力,从教学内容、教学手段、评价方法等各个环节注重数学建模思想的渗透,使数学建模意识成为学生思考问题的方法和习惯。