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Effects of variable thermal properties (specific heat and thermal conductivity) of the solid phase on the combustion of composite solid propellants are studied analytically. Both steady and unsteady burning are considered. It is shown that the effects of variable thermal properties are small and can be accounted for by choosing proper average values of specific heat and thermal conductivity. 相似文献
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为实现对飞行器高热流密度热流的长时间测量,文章提出了一种以与高导热金属蜂窝材料复合的相变材料作为热沉的热流计,利用相变材料的潜热持续吸收热流计所接收的热量,可以对1 MW·m-2的热流密度持续测量2000 s以上。利用显热容数值方法建立了高热流密度长时间持续测量的分析模型,研究了热沉相变材料的热导率、相变温度、相变潜热等物性参数对测量方案的影响。研究结果表明,应选取热导率较大、相变温度较低且高于初始环境温度,以及相变潜热较大的相变材料作为长时间高热流密度测量的热沉材料。 相似文献
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为了提高航天器热控系统的控温适应能力,提出了一种基于感温蜡温控阀的单相流体回路热控方法,利用感温蜡温控阀的全自动流量、温度比例调节特性实现温度控制。通过集总参数法建立感温蜡温控阀、热源载荷和空间辐射器等部件的数学模型,运用数值仿真方法分析该热控系统的温度动态特性。仿真结果表明,感温蜡温控阀的布局方式,以及感温蜡熔程、时间常数和温度延迟等热特性对单相流体回路热控系统温度动态性能有显著的影响,对基于感温蜡温控阀的单相流体回路优化设计提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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气凝胶是一种由胶粒或者聚合物单体相互聚合构成的具有三维网络骨架的固体纳米材料,具有超低密度、低热导、高比表面积和高孔隙率等优异性能。气凝胶材料的孔隙率在90%以上,且气凝胶材料内部的介孔结构使得气凝胶具有极佳的隔热性能。同时,气凝胶材料的低热导率和高耐温性可以让其在高温下仍能保持良好的三维纳米网络结构,不会发生高温烧结现象。因此,气凝胶材料在轻质耐高温防隔热材料领域得到了广泛关注。本文重点介绍了耐高温气凝胶隔热防护材料耐温性能研究及发展现状,且对耐高温气凝胶隔热防护材料的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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An analysis is presented to describe the heterogeneous ignition of a condensed fuel suddenly exposed to a hot oxidizing atmosphere. The exothermic heterogeneous reaction, generating gaseous products, is considered to be of the Arrhenius type with an activation energy large compared with the initial thermal energy of the fuel. Instantaneously after contact with the gases the surface temperature rises to a jump value which is calculated allowing for variable transport properties of fuel and gas. The effect of the chemical heat release and the cooling effect due to the gasification flow are taken into account in obtaining an integral equation, involving a single parameter Δ, which is solved to describe the evolution of surface temperature with time. A runaway in surface temperature is found to occur at a well defined ignition time, which is calculated as a function of Δ. For values of Δ above a critical value no ignition occurs because the cooling effects of the gasification flow dominate over the effects of chemical heat release. 相似文献
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复合相变热沉在电子设备热管理中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
某些特殊电子设备的短时高功耗运行往往会引起急剧温升,进而导致设备失效。文章采用膨胀石墨/高碳醇复合相变材料(PCM)作为热沉,针对某高功耗模块进行了散热仿真,并与传统铝热沉进行了对比,结果表明无主动散热平台下PCM热沉显著优于铝热沉。同工况温箱实验进一步验证相变热沉散热特性,并与仿真结果进行对比,结果表明实验结果与仿真结果具有一致的温度变化趋势,但由于相变温度范围的差异导致不同时间段温升速率不同。分析了二者的差异及原因,为严酷条件下应用相变材料进行热设计和热管理提供参考。 相似文献
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HRM code for the simulation of N2O/HTPB hybrid rocket motor operation and scale effect analysis has been developed. This code can be used to calculate motor thrust and distributions of physical properties inside the combustion chamber and nozzle during the operational phase by solving the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations using a corrected compressible difference scheme and a two-step, five species combustion model. A dynamic fuel surface regression technique and a two-step calculation method together with the gas–solid coupling are applied in the calculation of fuel regression and the determination of combustion chamber wall profile as fuel regresses. Both the calculated motor thrust from start-up to shut-down mode and the combustion chamber wall profile after motor operation are in good agreements with experimental data. The fuel regression rate equation and the relation between fuel regression rate and axial distance have been derived. Analysis of results suggests improvements in combustion performance to the current hybrid rocket motor design and explains scale effects in the variation of fuel regression rate with combustion chamber diameter. 相似文献
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为了给氧气/煤油发动机设计和热防护设计提供必要的设计参数,针对氧气/煤油燃气进行热力学计算。运用吉布斯最小自由焓计算模型得到燃气平衡组成,通过拟合公式的方法得到燃气的热物理参数及输运系数。通过计算,得到氧气/煤油燃气的组分及比焓、密度、比熵、粘性系数等热物理参数和输运系数随温度和压力的变化特性。分析结果表明:水离解对氧气/煤油燃气组分变化存在显著影响,压力增大会导致水离解起始温度升高;氧气/煤油燃气比焓、比熵、定压比热、粘性系数、热传导系数变化在温度较低时受压力影响较小,当水开始离解后,压力的影响显著增强;组分在燃气中的扩散系数同时受到了温度和组分摩尔分数的影响;燃气普朗特数变化受热传导系数变化的影响较大,水离解后,热传导系数的迅速增大使燃气的普朗特数迅速减小。 相似文献
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The tensile properties, the thermal expansion coefficient and the thermal conductivity of woven roving (WR) reinforced Kevlar fabrics were experimentally determined. Theoretical values for tensile Young's modulus were calculated by simulating a fabric as an equivalent cross-ply laminate. As thermal expansion coefficient concerns the fabrics have shown an isotropic behaviour. The thermal conductivity normal to fabric plane has also been determined. 相似文献
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高超声速飞行器对结构性能、热防护性能以及结构重量有很高的要求。为了获得最小的结构重量,文章从热防护的角度进行了优化分析:分别选择铝合金和先进复合材料作为蒙皮,在不同的热载荷条件下,对多种热防护结构(TPS)建立一维传热模型,并进行了结构尺寸优化,得到了单位面积TPS的最小重量;分析飞行器再入过程中的温度载荷、再入时间以及蒙皮材料可承受的最高温度对热防护结构最小重量的影响。ANSYS仿真分析结果表明:温度对TPS的单位面积最小重量有显著影响,LI900刚性陶瓷隔热瓦和先进金属蜂窝夹层防热结构有重量优势;采用复合材料蒙皮的TPS可使重量大幅减轻;飞行器再入时间和再入初始温度对刚性陶瓷隔热瓦重量的影响大于对金属盖板式隔热结构。 相似文献
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The paper presents the results of developing of physical and mathematical model making it possible to take into account the effect of droplets non-uniformity in space and size distribution on ignition conditions for fuel sprays. The influence of condensed phase volume fraction on ignition and combustion of sprays was studied, physical and mathematical models for multi-phase flows, mixture formation and combustion of liquid fuels based on solving Navier–Stokes equations for gas phase accounting for thermal and mechanical interaction with poly-dispersed droplets array. The problems of particulate phase dynamics are regarded accounting for the interaction with gas phase atomization, evaporation and combustion.It was shown that depending on droplet size distribution and aerosol cloud density different flow scenarios were possible.Several ignition zones could be formed behind incident shock wave depending on mixture properties and initiation parameters. The possibility of numerical simulation permitting variation of definite parameters only made it possible to explain this fact. 相似文献
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为了研究氢氧火箭发动机推力室喷注器多孔面板的发汗冷却特性,采用一维非热平衡能量方程模型对其进行了数值传热计算,计算模型考虑了冷却剂氢的变物性和多孔结构内固体与流体之间的对流换特征。分析总结了多孔结构固体导热率、孔隙率、颗粒特征直径和燃烧室热流密度等因素对多孔面板发汗冷却的影响。研究结果表明,选择较高导热率的多孔面板制造材料能够降低燃气侧面板温度和减小面板温度梯度;孔隙率一般在0.1~0.2为宜;随着颗粒特征直径增大冷却剂与多孔结构固体之间的换热能力明显下降,燃气侧面板温度呈先降低后升高的趋势。 相似文献
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太阳电池板热真空试验降温过程分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了得到太阳电池板在热真空试验降温时的正、背面温差和温度变化规律,文章建立了太阳电池板的热物理模型,根据太阳电池板厚度、背面发射率、纵向当量导热系数、高温平衡时的正面温度以及热沉温度,推算出电池板在高温平衡时的背面温度,进而得出电池板的正、背面温差;采用集总参数法进行分析,得出电池板降温时的降温时间表达式及电池板温度与时间的关系式;经过理论计算与试验数据的对照分析表明,降温时间理论表达式可以近似作为电池板降温时间的预测依据。研究结果可以为电池板热真空试验的热分析、电池板降温过程预测以及低温控制提供参考。 相似文献