从伊拉克战争的视角看国际法

伊拉克战争,让人们对国际法存在的意义发生了疑问,对国际法的作用表示出极大的怀疑.笔者从伊拉克战争这一事件本身出发,用国际法基本理论,对这一事件的非法性以及伊拉克战争给国际法的冲击作了分析与探讨.笔者认为,伊拉克战争固然给国际法带来了一定的影响,但伊拉克战争以及战后的相关问题的解决,离不开国际法.国际法依然有着无法取代的作用.     

卫星专家杨嘉墀院士:我国天基建设亟待快跑

将士地面作战,卫星天上助阵。从科索沃战争到阿富汗战争,直至今日的伊拉克战争,每次美国卫星不仅得到了充分的运用,而且发挥的作用还越来越大。4月13日,中国航天报记者就伊拉克战争中卫星的广泛应用及其作用,采访了卫星专家、中科院院士杨嘉墀。     

伊拉克战争中美英联军空间力量的作战应用分析

美英空间力量在伊拉克战争中的的包括夺取制信息权，实施心理战；提供精确制导和导航定位能力，为GPS制导武器制导；形成空间优势，协助“震慑”行动；严密监视战场，使伊空军不敢出动等。该文分析了美英联军空间力量在伊拉克战争中的作战应用分析情况，提出了伊拉克战争对航天装备体系发展的几点启示。     

“爱国者”雷达被F-16攻击初步分析

20 0 3年 3月 ,伊拉克战争的第四天 ,美军一架F 1 6战斗机向自己的一个“爱国者”导弹营发射了高速反辐射导弹 (HARM ) ,击毁了导弹阵地的相控阵雷达 ,这种“大水冲了龙王庙 ,一家人不认一家人”的事件 ,已多次发生。对该“误击”事件进行初步分析     

地地弹道导弹生存能力面临的挑战

结合伊拉克战争中美英联军运用的一些战争策略、主要的武器装备以及最后的打击效果等情况，就地地弹道导弹在生存能力方面可能遇到的威胁进行了分析，简要阐述了地地弹道导弹提高生存能力必须发展的技术。     

伊拉克战争中航天技术与装备的应用研究

在2003年的伊拉克战争中；美国航天技术与装备得到了广泛应用；大大提升了战场态势感知、指挥通信、精确作战等方面的能力。伊拉克战争已成为美国新航天技术与装备的试验场。战争结束后，美国总结了航天技术与装备在战争中的应用情况及存在的问题；从而对发展航天技术与装备做出了重大调整。进而也将对世界航天技术与装备产生重要影响。     

从伊拉克战争看制导技术发展历程

本文从伊拉克战争引起的对制导技术的关注着手,以制导技术发展历程为主线,从V2导弹、捷联系统、平台系统研制、月球登陆到GPS系统以及精确制导武器的应用分析,对于制导技术的诞生、成长、发展的各个阶段进行了描述,并结合伊拉克战争,分析了制导技术在现代战争中所发挥的巨大作用。     

国外电磁炸弹性能分析

美伊战争中,美英联军使用了大量高技术武器装备对伊拉克的各种目标进行打击。在空袭中除了采用精确制导武器、巡航导弹外,还使用了电磁炸弹攻击伊拉克的通信系统,使伊拉克国家电视台的播出信号中断3个小时之久。本文对电磁炸弹的实战使用情况以及电磁炸弹的分类、特点和发展情况作一简要介绍。 电磁炸弹的初次使用是在1991年的海湾战争期间。当时     

俄罗斯的几种雷达导引头

俄罗斯的几种雷达导引头导弹的导引头技术在现代战场上的作用极其重要，导引头技术的成败往往会影响战争的结果。美制尾刺面空导弹在阿富汗战场上对前苏联军队的沉重打击，以美国为首的多国部队在海湾战争中实施外科手术式打击取得的辉煌战果，以及导弹在伊拉克和前南斯拉...     

巡航导弹的预警和探测

在海湾战争、波黑战争、科索沃战争、阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争中，美军均使用了大量的巡航导弹，并取得了很好的作战效果。巡航导弹已迅速成为当今各国的战略威慑武器发展重点。     

伊拉克战争的特点和未来战争模式

从联军的空中打击和信息优势2个方面，归纳了伊拉克战争的特点。介绍了战争中使用的智能化武器装备，并探讨了本次战争所展示的未来战争模式——海、陆、空、天、电一体化的网络中心战。最后提出我国应建立积极防御的国防体系。     

从改进型“爱国者”看TBM突防技术

伊拉克战争中,“爱国者”改进型首次参加实战,拦截TBM的概率提高为32%。介绍了PAC-3的改进情况。PAC-3拦截能力的提高,将对TBM突防技术提出挑战。     

US space commercialization — effects on space law and domestic law

This report by Harry Marshall Jr is based on a paper presented to the 27th International Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space of the International Institute of Space Law during the 35th Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, Lausanne, Switzerland, 9 October 1984. It outlines US attitudes and legislation on the commercialization of space, in particular the space programme of President Reagan, LANDSAT commercialization, ELV commercialization and conflicts of space law.     

论我国农村集体土地法律制度的完善

土地利用效益不高,长期以来一直制约着农民收入的增长。《物权法》的颁布,对提高土地的效益将会起着重大的促进作用。本文探讨了在《物权法》的实施过程中,我们应当注意的一些具体问题。     

A new cooperative strategy for space in the twenty-first century

The context within which the major government space programmes of the world are planned and obtain political approval has changed dramatically with the end of the Cold War. International economic competition has become a central issue in international affairs. Economic and political constraints require that space agencies adapt the ambitious plans they put forward in the 1980s to the realities of this decade and beyond. This paper argues that in this changed context, enhanced international space cooperation can make important contributions to advancing the core interests of nations and firms, and that in some situations, increased and more intimate cooperation may be the only way to achieve ambitious space goals. The paper contains a series of policy-oriented findings and recommendations that together comprise a ‘new cooperative strategy’ for space.     

Truly dead or just comotose?: The status of space biology at the half-century mark

2007 was the 50th anniversary of Sputnik II, which launched the dog Laika into orbit and began the discipline of space biology. Compared with other young sub-disciplines within biology, space biology has been largely a failure. From day one Cold War politics led to dishonest or insufficient reporting of scientific results. International competition seems essential for getting organisms into orbit but political competition can lead to poor science. The People's Republic of China, as a new player in space exploration, provides hope for progress in space biology. It remains to be seen, however, whether it will invite significant international collaboration in space biology and establish higher standards than have characterized space biology research in the past 50 years.     

The eagle eyes the dragon in space—A critique

China's space policy and its purpose have become an increasingly contentious subject. This paper critically examines the claims, made by Ashley Tellis, among others, that China has a space strategy decided and coordinated by the Chinese military and dedicated to defeating superior US power locally in an asymmetrical war, and that it is this military space strategy that drives China's single-minded pursuit of space science and technology and the development of China's space programme. To do so, the paper conducts two investigations: into the declining role of the Chinese military in China's foreign and security policy making and its limited influence in formulating China's grand strategy; and the other into the contingent history of China's two space programs, Shenzhou and Chang'e, which have largely been driven by civilian scientist communities, rather than the military. In so doing, I argue that the claims of China's ‘military space strategy’ are over-imaginative and serve a particular political purpose. The social imaginary of a threatening China produced by the US strategic gaze at China in space, I further argue, has dangerous policy implications.     

Legal science as catalyzer of SETI science, engineering and operations

Law is the oldest social science; in this condition it has a protagonic role in the development of other sciences, engineering and operations, because it allows them to aim for the desired goal in order and in a frame of legal possibility.The search for extraterrestrial intelligence implies the will of establishing a further relation. Relationships imply law.The role of law is not only participative as in multidisciplinary programs, but also interdisciplinary in the sense of harmonizing the several legal frameworks of the diverse sciences.SETI protocols I and II show, since their first draft, the harmonizing role of law. They are appropriated guidelines for a code of ethics and a code of conduct.The refinement of the concepts must be continued to reach finally the legal principles that shall govern these activities. Principles must be established before the production of facts, because law as a science, does not conceive the lacunae. Moreover, space law has always anticipated the technical facts hierarchizing its scientific condition.     

Legal consequences of a SETI detection

If a detection of ETI takes place, this will in all probability be the result of either: (a) detecting and recognising a signal or other emission of ETI; or (b) the finding of an alien artifact (for instance on the Moon or other Celestial Body of our Solar System); or (c) the highly improbable event of an actual encounter. First and foremost, legal consequences regarding any of these contingencies will result from immediate consultations between nations on Earth. Understandings, memoranda and even agreements might be proposed and/or concluded. Such results within the field of terrestrial law will surely be a new branch of International Law, and particularly of International Space Law. At the same time, terrestrial nations will have to realize that any ETI will be self-determined intelligent individualities or organizations who might have their own understanding of “rules of behaviour” and thus, be legal subjects. Whether one calls such rules “law” or not: if two intelligent races—both of which have specific rules of behaviour—come into contact with each other, the basic understanding of such mutual rules will lead to a kind of “code of conduct”. This might be the starting point for a kind of Law—Metalaw—between different races in the Universe.