对绿色贸易壁垒的理性思考

绿色贸易壁垒是非关税壁垒的重要组成部分,正在成为发达国家限制市场准入的重要手段.绿色贸易壁垒的出现,有着深刻的社会和技术背景.在对绿色贸易壁垒的成因、特点和发展趋势分析的基础上,本文认为,绿色贸易壁垒的实施,具有严重的不公平性,对广大发展中国家的对外贸易有较大的制约作用,它实质上是旧的国际经济秩序延续.绿色贸易壁垒问题,综合反映了发达国家与发展中国家之间的矛盾与差异.     

浅谈绿色壁垒对中国出口产品的影响及其对策

利用非关税壁垒限制国外商品在本国的流通，是贸易保护主义的另一重要手段。近年来，随着科技的进步，绿色壁垒保护力度不断增强。凭借科技优势，利用绿色壁垒设置贸易壁垒的势头引起世界各国的高度重视。论文从绿色壁垒的含义和实质出发，简单的阐述了绿色贸易壁垒给中国一些出口产品所造成的阻碍作用及其影响，井提出了几点建议。     

专利贸易壁垒的影响与应对

介绍专利贸易壁垒的具体实现方式,分析专利保护与贸易额的关系,探讨我国如何应对专利贸易壁垒。研究发现,外国企业更注重发明型专利在我国的申请,而外国在我国申请的专利数量与其对我国的出口额有重要的影响,我国应通过多方面共同努力形成自主知识产权,打造我国的专利贸易壁垒。     

美国、日本和欧洲质量奖

近年来，通过提高设立国家质量奖计划来提升企业的管理水平已成为许多国家强化和提高产业竞争力的重要途径。除美国、日本、殴盟、加拿大等发达国家和地区外，许多新兴的工业化国家和发展中国家也都设立和开展了国家质量奖计划。在全世界所有国家质量奖计划中，最为著名、     

河北省外贸企业应对技术性贸易壁垒的对策研究

技术性贸易壁垒一方面严重制约了河北省对外贸易的正常发展,同时也给河北省的对外贸易带来难得的发展机遇。对于一个个市场主体而言,技术进步是突破技术性贸易壁垒制约的关键,市场多元化是突破技术性贸易壁垒制约的重要方法。     

携手空间合作 造福世界人类

本文在简要介绍了35年来我国在发展卫星和运载火箭技术方面以及卫星应用方面的主要成就以后指出:1.我国发展空间技术的目的是为国民经济建设服务在本世纪末以前,我国将主要致力于发展应用卫星和卫星应用技术,缩小在这方面与发达国家的差距。2.本着和平利用外层空间,为人类造福的方针,我国愿意为发展中国家和没有掌握空间技术的发达国家提供发射服务。3.我国愿意与世界各国在平等互利的基础上,开展空间技术的交流与合作。     

河北省外贸企业应对技术性贸易壁垒的对策研究

技术性贸易壁垒一方面严重制约了河北省对外贸易的正常发展,同时也给河北省的对外贸易带来难得的发展机遇.对于一个个市场主体而言,技术进步是突破技术性贸易壁垒制约的关键,市场多元化是突破技术性贸易壁垒制约的重要方法.     

新兴航天国家发展研究

正20世纪,航天一直是西方发达国家的专属名词,特别是在冷战期间,美苏两个超级大国大力发展航天事业,在通导遥卫星、载人航天及深空探测等方面取得了长足的进步,并企图在政治、科技、军事等领域独占战略制高点。进入21世纪以来,随着科技进步和商业航天的发展,进入航天的门槛越来越低,航天已不再是欧美等发达国家的专利,一些发展中国家也纷纷与航天大国合作,发展本国的航天事业,建设了自己的卫星总装总测等航天基础设施,制造和发射各类卫星。在西亚、北非和拉美等地区,一些发展中国家,譬如埃及、阿尔及利亚、委内瑞拉、新西兰等,正在成为一批新兴的航天国家。     

后危机时代知识产权贸易壁垒的新特点与新趋势

从知识产权标准制定主体、标准评定、专利捆绑以及知识产权的影响、扩散与使用等方面.解析标准与知识产权贸易壁垒的关系以及知识产权贸易壁垒对我国企业的影响。     

知识产权贸易壁垒对我国高新技术产品出口企业的影响及策略

着眼于近年来我国高新技术出口企业遭遇知识产权贸易壁垒的现状,根据收集和整理的数据,通过分析知识产权贸易壁垒对我国高新技术产品出口企业的短期及长期影响,从企业层面为高新技术产业突破知识产权贸易壁垒提出相应的对策建议。     

Assessing the performance of a heuristic simulated annealing algorithm for the design of distributed satellite systems

A heuristic multidisciplinary design optimization technique has been investigated for applicability to the conceptual design of distributed satellite systems. Different permutations of a simulated algorithm are applied to the problem of developing a systems architecture that minimizes a multicriterion metric (cost per image) for the NASA Origins Terrestrial Planet Finder mission. It was found that the efficiency of the simulated annealing algorithm could be improved by modifying the degrees of freedom within the algorithm. Further, a methodology has been developed for finding the Pareto-optimal set of design solutions within the system trade space when the distributed satellite system is modeled as a multi-objective design problem. These advances combine to yield new tools for systems engineers exploring the trade space of distributed satellite systems during the conceptual design stage.     

Commercial space and international trade rules: an assessment of the WTO''s influence on the sector

This paper explores how the WTO process may affect the development of commercial space industries in Asia. It does so by examining how the ever greater reach of trade rules may constrain industrial and technology policies aimed at developing an indigenous space capability. The role of the USA is also examined, as it is the US industry that will be among the most affected by increased competition in satellite and launcher services.     

低背景红外辐射源校准技术

介绍了以低温绝对辐射计(Absolute Cryogenic Radiometer)作为标准探测器的低背景红外辐射源校准技术的原理、设备、关键技术以及校准结果不确定性的分析方法,同时阐述了该技术的先进性和重要性。     

关于推进河北省建筑绿色化进程的研究

随着人们对环境的日益关注，绿色建筑应运而生。绿色建筑的发展与我国提出的建设和谐社会是一致的。本文在分析绿色建筑与和谐社会的关系的基础上，提出了河北省在发展绿色建筑中存在的问题及相应的对策以推动河北省建筑绿色化的进程。     

The Chinese GNSS—System development and policy analysis

As the most successful dual-use technology at present the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) also has extensive recognition in China. China began developing navigation satellites in 1967 and now has 45 years' experience in the field. 2012 was a crucial year for China's GNSS: the first-stage project of the second-generation global navigation satellite system was rounded off, and it entered service for regional area navigation and positioning. This paper discusses the development history of China's satellite navigation, analyzes the background to China's decision to develop an independent GNSS and investigates the formation of its three-step development strategy. It reviews the system construction and industrial policy of the BeiDou system and the actions taken by various government departments at different times.     

MTFC在光学遥感成像系统优化设计中的应用研究

图像处理作为成像链路的重要组成部分，是系统优化设计不得不考虑的一个环节，其中调制传递函数补尝（MTFC）是当今研究的热点，在遥感成像系统优化设计中发挥着重要作用。如果综合应用地面MTFC的能力，对遥感器进行优化设计，则可以大大减轻遥感器的研制难度、节约成本和缩短研制周期。该文对MTFC在光学遥感成像系统优化设计中的应用进行了一些探讨。     

近地轨道飞行器的光辐射背景环境

文章简要介绍了在可见光和红外波段深空和地球高层大气的光辐射源和辐射特性,包括辐射机制和强度、辐射的各向异性等,通过比较表明空间红外波段的背景辐射明显高出可见光波段近1个数量级;分析了在地球大气外进行对地观测时大气辉光辐射的角分布,指出了辐射的临边增亮特性。以上研究对于研制和开发新型航天器、利用太空资源以及未来的深空探测都具有实用价值。     

Development of a global EDOS: political support and constraints

The development of a global environmental and disaster satellite observation system (EDOS) has recently received attention, particularly as a potential cooperative project with the USA and Japan as the initiators. Such a system, proponents contend, would provide valuable and potentially lifesaving information to developed and particularly developing countries which might not otherwise have such information available, as well as provide a vehicle to strengthen ties between the USA and Japan at a time when strife over trade issues is too often emphasized. The initiation of such a project, however, has not been without difficulty. Beyond the technical issues, there has been hesitation and scepticism on the part of some national space players concerning the project, often motivated by parochial political concerns rather than conceptual or technical issues. The focus of this article is an examination of those political factors which have acted as impetus and barriers for the initiative, using interviews with programme participants, direct author observation at related meetings and internal documents and correspondence.     

A joint European strategy for space

This paper describes the background to the creation of the first coherent space strategy for Europe and explains why such a co-operative effort is necessary—in order to achieve strategic economic and security goals for the benefit of Europe's citizens. It discusses the three major objectives of the strategy and looks at the differing roles that will be played by ESA and the European Commission in its implementation, as well as at the developing relationship between the two bodies.