Passive Magnetic Attitude Control System for the Munin Nanosatellite

The instrumental and applied problems related to the design of a passive magnetic attitude control system for the Munin nanosatellite are considered. The system is constructed from a strong permanent magnet and a set of hysteresis rods. These rods are made of magnetically soft material using a special technology, and they allow us to support the satellite orientation with respect to the local magnetic field vector with a given accuracy and time response. By using asymptotic and numerical methods, we investigate the satellite dynamics for different models of hysteresis. The issues concerning the arrangement of the rods and their interaction with the fields of permanent magnets mounted onboard the satellite are discussed.     

Attitude control system of the first Russian nanosatellite <Emphasis Type="Italic">TNS-0 no. 1</Emphasis>

The results of designing the attitude control system of the first Russian nanosatellite TNS-0 no. 1 providing orientation of its longitudinal axis along the local geomagnetic field induction vector are presented. The system consists of a permanent magnet and two sets of hysteresis rods. The magnetic and geometric parameters of the magnet and rods are calculated. The influence of the permanent magnet field on the hysteresis rods and mutual influence of the rods in the case of compact satellite packaging are analyzed. Examples of calculations of transient processes and steady-state angular satellite motion are presented.     

A new type of magnetic gimballed momentum wheel and its application to attitude control in space

A new type of magnetically suspended gimbal momentum wheel utilizing permanent magnets is described. The bearing was composed of four independent thrust actuators which control the rotor thrust position and gimbal angles cooperatively, so that the bearing comes to have a simple mechanism with high reliability and light weight. The high speed instability problem due to the internal damping was easily overcome by introducing anisotropic radial stiffness. A momentum flywheel with the 3-axis controlled magnetic bearing displays good performance for attitude control of satellite with biased momentum.     

卫星垂直方向充退磁线圈设计新方法

文章提出采用电连接器对接安装方式设计卫星垂直方向充退磁线圈设备,可使卫星磁试验过程中去除吊装作业,大大提高其安全性。根据该思路进行线圈组位置布局及电性能参数的分析设计,然后完成充退磁线圈设备的结构设计和静力学有限元分析。在北京卫星环境工程研究所的CM2试验室内,研制完成的充退磁线圈设备已经在多颗卫星磁试验中获得很好地应用,它具有制造工艺简单、节省材料、操作安全方便等特点。     

基于重力梯度杆和磁铁的小卫星三轴姿态控制

运用卫星低轨道两个主要环境力矩（重力梯度矩和地磁力矩）对圆轨道卫星三轴姿态进行被动控制。利用重力梯度矩实现卫星对地指向：卫星上的永久磁铁获取所需的地磁力矩,稳定偏航姿态。给出卫星的姿态分析,并给出仿真结果。从分析和仿真结果可以看出,此卫星具有结构简单、时刻对地定向、低轨道倾角时卫星姿态稳定精度较高的优点。     

集成控制双绕组高速电磁阀的设计与仿真分析

给直动式电磁阀增加加速启动线圈,辅以集成控制电路,研制出一种具有较高附加值的集成控制双绕组高速电磁阀。试验表明：电磁阀最快开启时间为2．8ms,关闭时间小于2ms,具备明显的响应与结构优势。动态响应仿真分析表明：在加速线圈的作用下,电磁阀启动电流迅速上升至磁场饱和;进入维持打开模式后,磁场仍趋于饱和,维持电流高于释放电流,电磁阀仍有降耗的空间。     

Attitude stabilization of a satellite by magnetic coils

Stabilization problem for a satellite is considered. The only measurement is of the geomagnetic field in the satellite coordinates. The control is carried out by a magnetic moment of current coils (magnetorquers) mounted on the satellite body. The stabilizer constructed in this work solves the problems of magnetic and gravitational stabilization. Qualitative analysis and results of numerical simulation are presented. The results of simulation show that the proposed stabilization system is reliable, and has an appropriate accuracy and does not need powerful sources of energy, and therefore can be used for attitude control of small satellites.     

轴向磁路永磁陀螺马达电磁参数的优化设计

本文以三维磁场的二维近似方法计算了轴向磁路永磁陀螺马达的气隙磁场，分析了马达的磁路机构，在磁场的电势计算的基础上推导出马达铜耗的计算方法，以气隙，极对数和磁极内径为变量。以铜耗为目标函数对轴向磁路永磁陀螺马达进行优化了设计。     

卫星飞轮用稀土永磁电机的方波-正弦波复合驱动

介绍了卫星飞轮用稀土永磁电机的正弦波和方波两种驱动的工作原理及其控制特点。在此基础上，建立了方渡／正弦波复合驱动模型，并以滑模变结构控制(VSS)技术实现高速段的方渡驱动、低速段的正弦波驱动切换。仿真和实物试验结果表明，复合驱动稀土永磁电机的变结构控制切换平稳，设计可行。     

高空飞艇螺旋桨驱动电机分析

高空飞艇的一些概念设计中采用电动机驱动螺旋桨的电推进系统,对该系统中电 动机的关键技术进行分析,为高空飞艇螺旋桨驱动电机的研制提供参考。针对高空飞艇的电 源和不同电动机的特点,分析了螺旋桨驱动电机应首选稀土永磁无刷直流电动机。根据高空 飞艇对螺旋桨的推力要求,分析了满足螺旋桨驱动需求的驱动电机的额定参数确定。结合高 空环境的特点,从材料选择、轴承润滑和电机温升等方面对驱动电动机的高空适应性设计进 行了探讨。稀土永磁无刷直流电动机驱动螺旋桨的地面试验表明所设计的电动机样机具有高 效率,能够满足螺旋桨驱动需求。
     

磁悬浮飞轮用新型异极性永磁偏置径向磁轴承

为满足应用于航天器姿控、储能的磁悬浮飞轮采用的扁平构型或高转速转子需求,提出了一种新型异极性永磁偏置径向磁轴承,具有轴向长度短、结构紧凑的优点,有利于扁平转子或高速转子的磁悬浮控制。在新型径向磁轴承磁路分析的基础上,通过应用于50 Nms反作用飞轮的设计实例,经仿真分析,校验了新型径向磁轴承的基本性能;并与传统同极性永磁偏置径向磁轴承进行了比较,验证了新型径向磁轴承的优点。     

新型钕铁硼永磁材料化学与热稳定性研究

钕铁硼永磁材料以其高磁性能、不易脆、价格低的优点逐渐成为第3代永磁材料,但其在热稳定性和化学稳定性方面的缺陷一直阻碍其在航天机电产品上的推广应用。文章针对钕铁硼永磁体的稳定性进行分析研究,并结合空间电机的应用实际成功解决了缺陷问题,为钕铁硼永磁材料在航天用永磁无刷直流电机上的广泛应用提供了参考。     

螺旋波等离子体推进器磁场仿真

推进工质电离、加速、喷出过程以及电羽流的污染控制等都与磁场密切相关。磁场位形的仿真设计对于提高螺旋波等离子体推进器的性能至关重要。基于等效磁荷方法建立了专门针对螺旋波等离子体推进器的三维磁场仿真模型, 计算出圆柱形与圆环形铷铁硼(Nd-Fe-B)永磁体组合产生的磁场位形及磁场强度分布特征。该模型为改进电推进器实验方案提供必要的参考和指导;通过大量仿真计算与分析, 从大量的磁铁构型方案中优选出合适的磁铁构型, 可以缩短螺旋波等离子体推进器的实验周期, 降低成本, 加快电推进器的研发进度。     

Hydrodynamic Approach to Modeling the Thermal Plasma Distribution around a Moving Charged Satellite

The electric field distribution around a charged satellite in a rarefied magnetospheric plasma influences greatly the densities and trajectories of particles measured by onboard instruments. The simulation of macroparameters of thermal plasma near the moving charged satellite, which is necessary for correction of experimental measurements, encounters considerable computational difficulties. In this work, two three-dimensional models of the electric field distribution around the satellite are considered under the conditions when the Debye length is comparable to the geometrical size of the spacecraft. In the first model a system of hydrodynamic equations of continuity and motion was used, which was solved jointly with the Poisson equation. In the second model the hydrodynamic equation of motion was used for analyzing the motion of large particles by means of the method of particles in a cell. The numerical algorithms and the results of calculations of the potential near the satellite, as well as the distributions of densities of electrons and ions and of volume charge, are considered. The results of test calculations for some situations in the ambient plasma are presented, and the influence of the spatial electric field distribution on the thermal plasma measurements is considered.     

利用地磁场测量的小卫星自主导航设计

地磁场矢量是卫星所在位置的函数 ,通过对地磁场的测量 ,即可实现对近地小卫星的自主导航。本文采用卡尔曼滤波技术设计了小卫星基于地磁场测量的导航方法 ,在采用地磁场模型时选取磁偶极子模型 ,以此使设计算法的计算量大大减少。最后利用数字仿真验证了系统性能。     

A heuristic design method for attitude stabilization of magnetic actuated satellites

In this paper a heuristic design strategy for stabilizing the satellite attitude has been proposed. It is assumed that the satellite is actuated by a set of mutually perpendicular magnetic coils. Using well-known Lyapunov direct stability method it is shown that the proposed controller causes to a global asymptotic stable system for all near polar orbits. The design procedure is based on analyzing of the conceptual effects of magnetic coils on the satellite attitude motion. Considering these effects lead to some intuitive results which determine the global stabilizing control law. The performance and robustness of the designed controller against actuators saturation and quantization error have been verified using a real-time-hardware–software in-loop (RTHSIL) simulation results. These results show that the global stability can be achieved although some disturbances and restrictions exist. This stabilizing controller can be simply combined with a linear explicit model predictive controller (EMPC) to achieve a full three-axis control law.     

空间材料深层充放电效应试验研究

利用电子枪发射的单能电子束、以及放射源发射的能谱结构接近空间电子环境的β射线电子,模拟试验了几种常用空间介质材料和某卫星部件的深层充电过程;结合对放电电流脉冲和电场脉冲的测量,观测了深层放电脉冲信号及其对试验电路的影响。试验结果表明,在类似实际空间强度的pA量级电子束辐照下,介质材料可以累积大量电荷,其表面电位可以达到近万V;随后发生的介质材料放电可产生高强度的放电电流脉冲和电场脉冲,放电脉冲对试验电路造成较强的干扰。     

国外卫星推进技术发展现状与未来20年发展趋势

新形势下航天技术的发展对推进技术提出了更高的要求,无论在技术的广度和深度上都是前所未有的,如15年以上静止轨道卫星和8年以上低轨道卫星对高性能长寿命推进系统的要求、电推进技术的应用、微小卫星轨道保持的应用和深空探测对先进推进技术的依赖等。本文从先进化学推进技术、电推进技术、微推进技术和新概念推进技术4个方面分析了国外卫星推进技术的发展状况,总结了未来20年卫星推进技术的发展趋势,给出了对我国今后技术发展的启示。     

反作用飞轮电机换相力矩波动抑制协同控制方法

针对反作用飞轮电机换相所产生的非理想力矩影响卫星姿态控制精度的问题,采用永磁无刷直流电机绕组感生电势、相电流和电磁转矩的解析计算方法得到了反作用飞轮电机的换相力矩波动最小化条件,提出了基于该最小化条件的换相力矩波动抑制高动态协同控制方法,抑制反作用飞轮电机三种运行状态下的换相力矩波动.试验结果表明,电动状态下换相力矩波动减小了12%、可控能耗制动和反接制动状态下换相力矩波动减小了90%以上,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

A heuristic design method for attitude stabilization of magnetic actuated satellites

In this paper a heuristic design strategy for stabilizing the satellite attitude has been proposed. It is assumed that the satellite is actuated by a set of mutually perpendicular magnetic coils. Using well-known Lyapunov direct stability method it is shown that the proposed controller causes to a global asymptotic stable system for all near polar orbits. The design procedure is based on analyzing of the conceptual effects of magnetic coils on the satellite attitude motion. Considering these effects lead to some intuitive results which determine the global stabilizing control law. The performance and robustness of the designed controller against actuators saturation and quantization error have been verified using a real-time-hardware–software in-loop (RTHSIL) simulation results. These results show that the global stability can be achieved although some disturbances and restrictions exist. This stabilizing controller can be simply combined with a linear explicit model predictive controller (EMPC) to achieve a full three-axis control law.