Connection between the discrete auroral structures drifting equatorward during the substorm expansion phase and the energetic particle injections at the geostationary orbit

The formation of an auroral bulge with a bright dynamical arc at its polar boundary is one of the main manifestations of the magnetospheric substorm expansion phase at the ionospheric level. At the same time, the region of discrete aurora broadens not only polewards but equatorwards as well. The discrete forms of auroras moving equatorwards form a dynamical equatorial boundary of the auroral bulge shifting together with them. The paper presents a spatial-time comparison of the drifting discrete auroras to the injection of energetic particles at the geostationary orbit. It is shown that bursts in the fluxes of energetic particles at the LANL geostationary satellites located in the same sector of MLT correspond to the majority of drifting discrete auroral structures observed by the all-sky camera. In the cases when the bursts in the fluxes are absent, the minimum latitude reached by the auroral structures at the equatorward drift is higher than the ionospheric projection of the geostationary orbit. A possible relation of the drifting discrete auroras to the plasma stream jets in the plasma sheet is discussed.     

四喷管射流流场的数值模拟及分析

本文分析了ENO格式的特点，并应用于全NS方程的迁移项和压力项，模拟了三维射流，首先计算了四喷管射流干扰流场，给出了相应的计算结果，指出了其四股射流外部有形成类似一股射流波系的趋势，而内部四股射流始终存在并相互作用，且伴随流对内部干扰流场有重要影响；然后计算了四股射流流入圆管内的流场，给出了壁面和截面物理量的分布，分析了其拓扑结构。     

考虑复合控制系统动态特性的前向拦截制导律

为满足临近空间拦截高速大机动目标的实际需求,研究了考虑直接力/气动力复合控制动态特性的前向拦截制导律设计方法。在考虑连续气动力和离散直接力特点的基础上,给出了一种在气动舵控制基础上设计连续直接力、然后通过冲量等效法进行离散化的直接力设计方法,避免了复杂的控制分配问题。根据二维前向拦截导引运动学模型和拦截导弹动力学模型,利用时间尺度分离,将拦截导弹和目标的质点运动学与加速度慢变子系统构成的动态系统,看成慢变子系统,设计了俯仰角速度指令;将俯仰角速度动态子系统看成快变子系统,通过对俯仰角速度指令的跟踪控制设计得到考虑复合控制系统动态特性的前向拦截导引律。仿真结果校验了本文方法的正确性和有效性。     

欠驱动挠性航天器的全姿态控制

考虑欠驱动挠性航天器姿态控制问题,其中执行机构配置为两轴喷气和飞轮执行机构。提出了“喷气消旋＋飞轮机动”的分段控制方法,其基本思想是：首先利用喷气推进执行机构使航天器整星角动量趋于零,为飞轮控制做准备;然后利用飞轮执行机构使航天器从任意姿态转向指定姿态并维持。针对“喷气消旋”,说明了提出的控制规律能够保证航天器角动量全局渐近收敛于任意小量;针对“飞轮机动”,证明了航天器全姿态具有大范围渐近稳定性;针对“喷气消旋＋飞轮机动”的完整过程,采用扰动系统理论分析了闭环控制系统的大范围终端有界性。     

Electrostatic Instability and Plasma Irregularities in the Topside Ionosphere above the South-Atlantic Geomagnetic Anomaly

The data of measuring the plasma density in the topside ionosphere for the South-Atlantic geomagnetic anomaly region are presented. It is shown that irregular plasma structures with a wide spectrum of irregularity scale (including large-scale structures with a dimension of order of some hundred kilometers) can be generated in the fields of electrostatic turbulence in inhomogeneous plasma.     

边界层内水介质在压差驱动下沿小孔向气腔射流问题研究

对边界层内小孔气水多相流场下射流问题开展数值仿真及定常水洞试验研究,建立了适用于边界层内压差驱动下小孔向气腔射流多相流场问题研究的数值仿真计算模型,针对典型孔参数及气水流场条件,对比分析了仿真试验数据,验证了数值仿真模型的正确性及模型计算精度。结合流体质点受力及运动模型及平板边界层理论,分析了气水域压力场特征及水域流动规律对小孔射流过程的作用机理及影响规律,开展了孔参数对射流多相流场特征及射流量的影响研究。获得了小孔射流量估算方法,为航行体上防水装置设计提供数据支撑。     

点火发动机形成的受限喷流流场数值模拟

从曲线坐标下的气体Ｎ－Ｓ方程出发，采用ＥＮＯ差分格式，对点火发动机工作初期，在固体火箭发动机内腔形成的受限冷喷流流场进行数值模拟，在此基础上，分析了喷流的流场结构及特性。     

Nonlinear Localized Electrostatic Structures and Their Experimental Diagnostics in the Magnetosphere Plasma

The theoretical models of the formation of the three-dimensional quasi-stationary structures of variations of density and electrostatic potential in a multicomponent magnetosphere plasma are considered. On the basis of the perturbation method, we have studied the domains of the parametric space, where the occurrence of nonlinear quasi-stationary ion-acoustic and electron-acoustic structures are possible. For these structures, the velocities of motion along the direction of the magnetic field are estimated, together with the longitudinal and transverse scales with respect to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. The calculated dependences of the scales l and l _|| of the structures on the plasma parameters in the three-component plasma allow one to compare the results of the considered theoretical models with new experimental data of measuring the form of soliton structures onboard the FAST, POLAR, and GEOTAIL satellites.     

Dynamics of debye-scale nonstationary plasma structures in the region of auroral field-aligned currents

We consider the formation of small-scale nonstationary plasma structures in the region of relatively strong field-aligned electric currents. The formation of these structures has been shown to be associated with the density instability developed when the current velocity exceeds a critical value. The conditions for the development of this instability can be most favorable in the region of low-density plasma. Numerical calculations have been performed for the initial nonlinear stage of the structure development. The main parameters of the structure, i.e., the times of its formation and destruction, spatial scales, and electric field, have been estimated. The features of the structures are consistent with the existing data from space experiments in the region of auroral field-aligned currents of the Earth.     

DBD等离子体非定常激励下的平板流场结构分布研究

文章采用DBD等离子体简化模型,基于大涡模拟方法,对DBD等离子体作用下的流场进行数值模拟研究,探讨等离子体非定常激励作用下平板流动的流场结构特点。结果表明:等离子体作用下,在近壁区形成了一系列的正负涡对结构,涡对的产生促进了近壁区内流体与主流流体的能量交换,时均结果表现为从等离子体作用点形成向下游发展的壁面射流;在等离子体作用点下游0.5b的位置,等离子体最大诱导速度UDBD随激励强度Dc呈指数形式增加。     

Plasma irregularities in unstable outer ionosphere according to the Intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300 satellite data

The results of the satellite low-latitude and mid-latitude measurements of the disturbed plasma concentration, electron temperature, and quasi-stable electric field at heights of ～900 km after sunset are discussed. It is shown that the sharp fronts of changes in the electron temperature and plasma density observed in the experiment onboard the Intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300 satellite in the low-latitude (and equatorial) outer ionosphere can be related to damping of the oscillations of plasma electrons at local decreases of the plasma density (plasma “pits”) and formation of the vortex plasma structures at density and temperature gradients, which promotes conservation of ionosphere irregularities and makes the fronts of concentration variations steeper. Nonmonotonic variations in the plasma conductivity for the ionosphere currents in unstable plasma can be a cause of observed nonmonotonic disturbances of the vertical component of the “constant” electric field.     

Hydrodynamic instabilities and transverse waves in propagation mechanism of gaseous detonations

The present study examines the role of transverse waves and hydrodynamic instabilities mainly, Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) in detonation structure using two-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations of Euler equations. To compare the numerical results with those of experiments, Navier–Stokes simulations are also performed by utilizing the effect of diffusion in highly irregular detonations. Results for both moderate and low activation energy mixtures reveal that upon collision of two triple points a pair of forward and backward facing jets is formed. As the jets spread, they undergo Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. The drastic growth of the forward jet found to have profound role in re-acceleration of the detonation wave at the end of a detonation cell cycle. For irregular detonations, the transverse waves found to have substantial role in propagation mechanism of such detonations. In regular detonations, the lead shock ignites all the gases passing through it, hence, the transverse waves and hydrodynamic instabilities do not play crucial role in propagation mechanism of such regular detonations. In comparison with previous numerical simulations present simulation using single-step kinetics shows a distinct keystone-shaped region at the end of the detonation cell.     

Project Icarus: Analysis of Plasma jet driven Magneto-Inertial Fusion as potential primary propulsion driver for the Icarus probe

Hopes of sending probes to another star other than the Sun are currently limited by the maturity of advanced propulsion technologies. One of the few candidate propulsion systems for providing interstellar flight capabilities is nuclear fusion. In the past many fusion propulsion concepts have been proposed and some of them have even been explored in detail, Project Daedalus for example. However, as scientific progress in this field has advanced, new fusion concepts have emerged that merit evaluation as potential drivers for interstellar missions. Plasma jet driven Magneto-Inertial Fusion (PJMIF) is one of those concepts. PJMIF involves a salvo of converging plasma jets that form a uniform liner, which compresses a magnetized target to fusion conditions. It is an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)–Magnetic Confinement Fusion (MCF) hybrid approach that has the potential for a multitude of benefits over both ICF and MCF, such as lower system mass and significantly lower cost. This paper concentrates on a thermodynamic assessment of basic performance parameters necessary for utilization of PJMIF as a candidate propulsion system for the Project Icarus mission. These parameters include: specific impulse, thrust, exhaust velocity, mass of the engine system, mass of the fuel required etc. This is a submission of the Project Icarus Study Group.     

变极性等离子弧自动焊接技术在大型密封结构焊接中的应用

文章简要介绍了变极性等离子弧焊接技术在国内外的发展状况以及新一代大型载人航天器密封舱体的结构和材料焊接特点,对变极性等离子弧焊接技术的工程化应用难点进行了分析,并提出关键工艺解决措施。通过研究和试验验证表明,采用变极性等离子弧焊接技术是解决中厚度铝合金焊接结构最好的工艺方案之一;对变极性等离子弧自动焊接技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

导弹直接侧向力与气动力复合控制设计与实现

针对带有姿控式直接侧向力/气动力复合控制系统导弹的控制律设计问题,建立了俯仰平面内姿态控制系统的数学模型,应用非线性系统理论对模型进行了分析,在此基础上建立了进行控制系统设计的简化模型。基于滑模变结构控制理论进行了复合控制律设计,并分别考虑气动力控制和直接侧向力控制的特点对所设计的控制律进行了实现。所设计的复合控制系统在进行快速攻角指令跟踪的同时,可以有效节省姿控发动机的使用数量。仿真结果说明了所提出方法的有效性。
     

Transient analysis of counterflowing jet over highly blunt cone in hypersonic flow

Understanding the characteristics of various Counterflowing jets exiting from a nose cone is crucial for determining heat load reduction and usage of this device in various conditions. Such jets can undergo several flow regimes during venting, from initial supersonic flow, to transonic, to subsonic flow regimes as the pressure of jet decreases. A bow shock wave is a characteristic flow structure during the initial stage of the jet development, and this paper focuses on the development of the bow shock wave and the jet structure behind it. The transient behavior of a sonic counterflow jet is investigated using unsteady, axisymmetric Navier–Stokes solved with SST turbulence model at free stream Mach number of 5.75. The coolant gas (Carbon Dioxide and Helium) is chosen to inject into the hypersonic air flow at the nose of the model. The gases are considered to be ideal, and the computational domain is axisymmetric. The jet structure, including the shock wave and flow separation due to an adverse pressure gradient at the nose is investigated with a focus on the differences between high diffusivity coolant jet (Helium) and low diffusivity coolant jet (CO₂) flow scenarios.     

Sporadic structures and small-scale irregularity in the nighttime polar ionosphere in the period of high solar activity according to the data of radio occultation measurements on satellite-to-satellite paths

Results of the analysis of 327 sessions of radio occultation on satellite-to-satellite paths are presented. The data are taken in the nighttime polar ionosphere in the regions with latitudes of 67°–88°, and in the period of high solar activity from October 26, 2003 to November 9, 2003. Typical ionospheric changes in the amplitude and phase of decimeter radio waves on paths GPS satellites-CHAMP satellite are presented. It is demonstrated that these data make it possible to determine characteristics of the sporadic E _s structures in the lower ionosphere at heights of 75–120 km. Histograms of distribution of the lower and upper boundaries, thickness, and intensity of the E _s structures are presented. Dispersion and spectra of amplitude fluctuations of decimeter radio waves caused by small-scale irregularity of the ionospheric plasma are analyzed. The relation of the polar E _s structures and intensity of small-scale plasma irregularity to various manifestations of solar activity is discussed. The efficiency of monitoring the ionospheric disturbances caused by shock waves of the solar wind by the radio occultation method on satellite-to-satellite paths is demonstrated.     

燃气喷射方式对冲压发动机补燃室掺混效果的影响

在空气进气参数不变情况下,分析了喷口布局、喷口形状、头部型面对冷流掺混效果的影响。结果表明,燃气喷射方式不同,掺混在补燃室中的发展过程也不同,提高补燃室内整体掺混度的方法,不一定能提高头部的掺混度;可提高头部掺混度的燃气喷射方式有5孔交汇喷射、5孔偏心喷射以及头部采用椭球型面。