Research of Step-down Stress Accelerated Degradation Data Assessment Method of a Certain Type of Missile Tank

The performance degradation rates of the missile tank are generally time-varying functions uneasily evaluated by general classical evaluation methods. This paper develops a segmented nonlinear accelerated degradation model (SNADM) based on the equivalent method of accumulative damage theory, which tackles the problem that product life is difficult to be determined with degradation rate being a function of the variable of time. A segmented expression of the function of population accumulative degradation is derived. And combined with nonlinear function, an accelerated degradation function, i.e., SNADM is obtained. The parameters of the SNADM are identified by numerical iteration, and the statistical function of degradation track is extrapolated. The reliability function is determined through the type of random process of the degradation distribution. Then an evaluation of product storage life is undertaken by combining the statistical function of degradation track, reliability function and threshold. An example of a missile tank undergoes a step-down stress accelerated degradation test (SDSADT), in which the results with the SNADM and the classical method are evaluated and compared. The technology introduced is validated with the resultant coincidence of both evaluated and field storage lives.     

Neural Networks Combined with Importance Sampling Techniques for Reliability Evaluation of Explosive Initiating Device

Concerning the issue of high-dimensions and low-failure probabilities including implicit and highly nonlinear limit state function, reliability analysis based on the directional importance sampling in combination with the radial basis function (RBF) neural network is used, and the RBF neural network based on first-order reliability method (FORM) is to approximate the unknown implicit limit state functions and calculate the most probable point (MPP) with iterative algorithm. For good efficiency, based on the ideas that directional sampling reduces dimensionality and importance sampling focuses on the domain contributing to failure probability, the joint probability density function of importance sampling is constructed, and the sampling center is moved to MPP to ensure that more random sample points draw belong to the failure domain and the simulation efficiency is improved. Then the numerical example of initiating explosive devices for rocket booster explosive bolts demonstrates the applicability, versatility and accuracy of the approach compared with other reliability simulation algorithm.     

Fuzzy norm method for evaluating random vibration of airborne platform from limited PSD data

For random vibration of airborne platform, the accurate evaluation is a key indicator to ensure normal operation of airborne equipment in flight. However, only limited power spectral density（PSD） data can be obtained at the stage of flight test. Thus, those conventional evaluation methods cannot be employed when the distribution characteristics and priori information are unknown. In this paper, the fuzzy norm method（FNM） is proposed which combines the advantages of fuzzy theory and norm theory. The proposed method can deeply dig system information from limited data, which probability distribution is not taken into account. Firstly, the FNM is employed to evaluate variable interval and expanded uncertainty from limited PSD data, and the performance of FNM is demonstrated by confidence level, reliability and computing accuracy of expanded uncertainty. In addition, the optimal fuzzy parameters are discussed to meet the requirements of aviation standards and metrological practice. Finally, computer simulation is used to prove the adaptability of FNM. Compared with statistical methods, FNM has superiority for evaluating expanded uncertainty from limited data. The results show that the reliability of calculation and evaluation is superior to 95%.     

Advanced multiple response surface method of sensitivity analysis for turbine blisk reliability with multi-physics coupling

To reasonably implement the reliability analysis and describe the significance of influencing parameters for the multi-failure modes of turbine blisk, advanced multiple response surface method(AMRSM) was proposed for multi-failure mode sensitivity analysis for reliability. The mathematical model of AMRSM was established and the basic principle of multi-failure mode sensitivity analysis for reliability with AMRSM was given. The important parameters of turbine blisk failures are obtained by the multi-failure mode sensitivity analysis of turbine blisk. Through the reliability sensitivity analyses of multiple failure modes(deformation, stress and strain) with the proposed method considering fluid–thermal–solid interaction, it is shown that the comprehensive reliability of turbine blisk is 0.9931 when the allowable deformation, stress and strain are3.7*10~(-3)m, 1.0023*10~9 Pa and 1.05*10~(-2)m/m, respectively; the main impact factors of turbine blisk failure are gas velocity, gas temperature and rotational speed. As demonstrated in the comparison of methods(Monte Carlo(MC) method, traditional response surface method(RSM), multiple response surface method(MRSM) and AMRSM), the proposed AMRSM improves computational efficiency with acceptable computational accuracy. The efforts of this study provide the AMRSM with high precision and efficiency for multi-failure mode reliability analysis, and offer a useful insight for the reliability optimization design of multi-failure mode structure.     

Efficient adaptive Kriging for system reliability analysis with multiple failure modes under random and interval hybrid uncertainty

In the field of the system reliability analysis with multiple failure modes, the advances mainly involve only random uncertainty. The upper bound of the system failure probability with multiple failure modes is usually employed to quantify the safety level under Random and Interval Hybrid Uncertainty(RI-HU). At present, there is a lack of an efficient and accurate method for estimating the upper bound of the system failure probability. This paper proposed an efficient Kriging model based on nume...     

A method of multi-objective reliability tolerance design for electronic circuits

Tolerance design plays an important role in reliability design for electronic circuits. The traditional method only focuses on the consistency of output response. It is not able to meet the needs of increasing development of electronic products. This paper researches the state of related fields and proposes a method of multi-objective reliability tolerance design. The characteristics of output response and operating stresses on critical components are both defined as design objectives. Critical components and their operating stresses are determined by failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA). Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine sensitive parameters that affect the design objectives significantly. Monte Carlo and worst-case analysis are utilized to explore the tolerance levels of sensitive parameters. Design of experiment and regression analysis are applied in this method. The optimal tolerance levels are selected in accord with a quality-cost model to improve consistency of output response and reduce failure rates of critical components synchronously. The application in light-emitting diode (LED) drivers indicates details and potential. It shows that the proposed method provides a more effective way to improve performance and reliability of electronic circuits.     

Gray bootstrap method for estimating frequency-varying random vibration signals with small samples

During environment testing, the estimation of random vibration signals （RVS） is an important technique for the airborne platform safety and reliability. However, the available meth- ods including extreme value envelope method （EVEM）, statistical tolerances method （STM） and improved statistical tolerance method （ISTM） require large samples and typical probability distri- bution. Moreover, the frequency-varying characteristic of RVS is usually not taken into account. Gray bootstrap method （GBM） is proposed to solve the problem of estimating frequency-varying RVS with small samples. Firstly, the estimated indexes are obtained including the estimated inter- val, the estimated uncertainty, the estimated value, the estimated error and estimated reliability. In addition, GBM is applied to estimating the single flight testing of certain aircraft. At last, in order to evaluate the estimated performance, GBM is compared with bootstrap method （BM） and gray method （GM） in testing analysis. The result shows that GBM has superiority for estimating dynamic signals with small samples and estimated reliability is proved to be 100% at the given confidence level.     

地面涡研究

 The formation mechanism and the flow characteristics of the ground vortices as well as the method of eliminating ground vortices are studied in this paper. It is noted that, when air is sucked into an aircraft engine, on the ground a momentum moment is exerted on a point sink flow by a lateral wind or a reversed jet from the tail pipe, resulting in the formation of eddy stream known as ground vortices. Through an analysis of numerous experimental data it is found that the ground vortices are composed of two vortices instead of a single and concentrated free vortex.The tangitial velocity distribution curves of the ground vortex can be expressed as two independent functions: one is a directly proportional function located at the core, and the other is an inversely proportional function around the outer surrounding. The pressure distribution is also composed of two parabolic functions.In addition, a method of eliminating the ground vortices is presented, and it is of important engineering significance to eliminate the ground vortices.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF UNSTEADY FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER AT HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBERS

A Lagrangian-Eulerian hybrid scheme to solve unsteady N-S equation in two-dimensional incompressible fluid at high Reynolds numbers is presented in this paper. A random walk is imposed to simulate the viscous diffusion, the vortex-in-cell method is used to obtain the convection velocity, and nascent vortices are created on a cylinder to satisfy the zero-slip condition. The impulsively started flow around a circular cylinder and the separation induced by a pair of incident vortices symmetrically approaching a circular cylinder have been successfully simulated by the hybrid scheme. The impulsively started flow from rest has been computed at Reynolds numbers 3000 and 9500. Comparisons are made with those results of finite-difference method, vortex method and flow visualization. Agreement is good. The particular attention has been paid to the evolutions of flow pattern. A topological analysis has been proposed in the region of the near wake. The bulge, isolated secondary vortex, a pair of secondary vortices     

Reliability analysis of aero-engine blades considering nonlinear strength degeneration

To comprehensively consider the effects of strength degeneration and failure correlation, an improved stress-strength interference (SSI) model is proposed to analyze the reliability of aeroengine blades with the fatigue failure mode. Two types of TC4 alloy experiments are conducted for the study on the damage accumulation law. All the parameters in the nonlinear damage model are obtained by the tension-compression fatigue tests, and the accuracy of the nonlinear damage model is verified by the damage tests. The strength degeneration model is put forward on the basis of the Chaboche nonlinear damage theory and the Griffith fracture criterion, and determined by measuring the fatigue toughness during the tests. From the comparison of two kinds of degeneration models based on the Miner’s linear law and the nonlinear damage model respectively, the nonlinear model has a significant advantage on prediction accuracy especially in the later period of life. A time-dependent SSI reliability model is established. By computing the stress distribution using the finite element (FE) technique, the reliability of a single blade during the whole service life is obtained. Considering the failure correlation of components, a modified reliability model of aero-engine blades with common cause failure (CCF) is presented. It shows a closer and more reasonable process with the actual working condition. The improved reliability model is illustrated to be applied to aero-engine blades well, and the approach purposed in this paper is suitable for any actual machinery component of aero-engine rotor systems.     

模糊随机可靠性灵敏度分析方法

 依据模糊随机可靠性灵敏度的基本概念,提出了模糊随机可靠性灵敏度分析的通用数字模拟法,推导了模糊随机可靠性灵敏度数字模拟解的方差和变异系数的计算公式。当模糊变量的隶属函数为正态型时,可以将模糊随机可靠性灵敏度转化为随机可靠性灵敏度,并利用复合函数求导法则求解模糊随机失效概率对正态型隶属函数分布参数的灵敏度。对于工程中常用的对称三角型隶属函数,提出了两种近似等价正态化变换基础上的模糊随机可靠性灵敏度分析方法,这两种将对称三角型隶属函数近似等价为正态型的方法分别是“3σ规则”法和“最大最小”法。算例结果表明：由于“最大最小”法比“3σ规则”法所得的等价正态隶属函数能在形状上更好地近似对称三角型隶属函数,因而“最大最小”变换法更适用于对称三角型隶属函数情况下模糊随机可靠性灵敏度的近似计算。     

截断分布下广义失效概率的可靠性分析方法

提出基于随机变量为截断分布和失效域模糊下的结构可靠性分析方法。由于常规的可靠性分析方法不能直接用于截断分布情况下广义失效概率的计算,因此,先将截断分布情况下的可靠性分析模型转化为非截断分布情况下的多模式并联系统模型,在此基础上引入模糊失效域的隶属函数,将截断分布情况下的模糊可靠性分析问题转化为一般的随机可靠性问题,利用Monte Carlo法和重要抽样法求得广义失效概率。给出了方法的实现步骤和原理,并用不同算例验证了方法的合理性与可行性。     

相关变量模糊可靠性灵敏度分析的线抽样方法

 依据失效域具有模糊性时模糊失效概率的定义,提出了相关变量模糊可靠性灵敏度的分析方法。针对线性功能函数、正态基本变量和正态型隶属函数情况,推导了相关变量的模糊可靠性灵敏度计算的解析表达式。对于工程中的一般情况,给出了可靠性灵敏度分析的数字模拟方法。尽管数字模拟法适用范围广,但该方法的效率较低,尤其是针对高维和小失效概率问题。为了解决数字模拟方法效率低的问题,提出了相关变量模糊可靠性灵敏度分析的线抽样方法。通过离散模糊失效概率积分区域,建立了相关变量模糊可靠性灵敏度与离散区域随机可靠性灵敏度的关系,进而可以利用相关变量随机可靠性灵敏度分析的线抽样方法求得模糊可靠性灵敏度。相关变量模糊可靠性灵敏度分析线抽样方法的基本原理、计算公式及实现步骤被详细给出,文中算例充分验证了其精度高、收敛快及适用于高维和小失效概率等优点。     

考虑模糊失效准则的结构疲劳寿命可靠性

 针对常规设计中对功能函数失效状态规定与常识不符这种情况,提出了考虑模糊失效准则的结构疲劳寿命可靠性,将结构寿命视为随机变量,而设计寿命视为模糊变量,研究了设计寿命服从线性L-R分布时的结构疲劳寿命可靠度,给出了随机载荷下结构疲劳寿命概率密度函数的确定方法,并提出了随机变量与模糊变量相组合时的一种新的可靠度数值计算方法,该方法先利用Gauss-Legendre积分将模糊可靠度求解的二次积分转换成一次积分,列出与Legendre多项式零点相对应的阀值,然后在给定的阀值下,将设计寿命转化成普通的截集区间,在截集区间内假定结构疲劳寿命概率密度函数服从均匀分布,利用Monte Carlo模拟得到对应于该阀值的结构疲劳寿命可靠度值。数值结果表明,常规设计下结构的疲劳寿命可靠度偏于危险。     

考虑状态与基本变量随机模糊性的广义响应面可靠性分析

针对复杂结构、机构可靠性分析中的隐式极限状态方程,建立了可以同时考虑基本变量和失效一安全状态随机模糊双重不确定性因素的广义响应面可靠性分析方法。该方法采用模糊基本变量的等效随机化变换,在不改变基本变量模糊分布的情况下,建立了基于有限元分析的复杂结构、机构多个随机一模糊基本变量情况下的广义响应面法,利用广义响应面函数和模糊随机事件概率的计算公式,定义了复杂结构、机构广义失效概率的计算公式,并给出了多个模式情况下体系同时考虑状态和基本变量随机模糊性的广义失效概率计算公式。在弹性连杆机构强度刚度多模式广义可靠性分析的应用算例说明了所提方法的合理性。     

可靠性灵敏度分析的一种新方法

基于极限状态函数矩估计的失效概率计算,提出一种新的可靠性灵敏度分析方法。推导极限状态函数的矩对基本变量分布参数的偏导数,并进而利用失效概率与极限状态方程矩的关系,推导失效概率对基本变量分布参数的偏导数,从而得到可靠性灵敏度。与改进一次二阶矩可靠性灵敏度分析方法相比,所提方法不用求极限状态方程的设计点,因而不需用到极限状态函数对基本变量的梯度函数,适用于隐式极限状态方程的可靠性灵敏度分析,算例结果也充分显示所提方法的合理性和精度。     

基于客观隶属函数的模糊可靠性

提出并从理论上证明了当模糊可靠性计算公式中的安全余量具有对称概型时,将集值统计的随机集边界点假设为安全余量的线性函数,然后通过定积分运算获得其对结构安全模糊集隶属函数的方法。该法求取隶属函数杜绝了主观意识的介入,从而能更确切地反映客观。算例充分说明了该方法获得的隶属函数应用于模糊可靠性计算的科学性和客观性。     

模糊随机可靠性综合方法在涡轮盘可靠性分析中的应用

提出了模糊随机可靠性分析的近似解析和数字模拟综合方法,基于模糊变量的等价随机化变换,可以方便地得到模糊随机失效概率的计算公式,并建立了模糊随机可靠性分析的一次二阶矩法。定义了同时考虑基本变量和状态都含有模糊随机双重不确定性的可靠度指标,探讨了多个模式情况下模糊随机可靠性分析方法。所提出的方法被用于发动机涡轮盘的应力、应变和低周疲劳寿命模糊随机可靠性分析,证明了该方法是可行的。     

基于当量概率密度函数的模糊可靠性分析方法

实际工程中,结构系统的属性以及所受外载荷常常具有随机性和模糊性的特点。对于功能函数中含有模糊分布参数(FDP)的随机变量问题,如何准确且简便地评估其可靠性,是十分重要的。依据随机性和模糊性的基本概念,提出了当量概率密度函数的模糊可靠性分析方法。以FDP的隶属函数为基础,构造FDP的先验分布,应用Bayes理论,得到含有FDP随机变量的当量概率密度函数,并推导出具有常用隶属函数的FDP随机变量的数学期望和方差。这样就把含有FDP的随机变量处理成常规随机变量,进而可以应用传统的可靠性方法来分析结构的可靠性。本文所提方法解决了功能函数中含有多个FDP的随机变量时,模糊概率计算困难的问题。最后通过算例,与常用的模糊概率的可靠性分析方法进行比较,来验证本文算法的有效性。     

同时考虑基本变量和失效域模糊性的广义失效概率数字计算方法

针对基本变量和失效域均具有模糊性的广义可靠性分析问题,提出了一种基于模拟退火优化的高效数字计算方法。在数字模拟的过程中,由模拟退火优化的Metropolis准则逐渐优化提取样本的重要抽样密度函数。由于基本变量和失效状态均含有模糊不确定性,因此所提算法在构造重要抽样函数时考虑了两个因素的影响,其一是基本变量的等价联合概率密度函数,其二是状态变量对模糊失效域的隶属函数,从而使得对广义失效概率贡献大的样本出现的概率较大,提高了抽样效率和计算精度。所提算法在模拟退火逐渐寻优的过程中,充分利用了过程中的信息,进一步提高了计算的效率,算例的结果也表明本文所提方法是合理可行的。