统一试题

1.国防是为捍卫口、口和口.防备外来侵略和颐,,所进行的军事及与军事有关的建设和斗争。 2.国家领土是包括国家的口、口、口、口、口以及它们的底床、底土和上空。 3.我国的陆地领土面积约为口万平方公里,约占地球陆地总面积的口,亚洲面积的口。 4.我国政府在口年口月口日宜布我国领海的宽度为口海里。 5.我国的陆地邻国共口个,陆地边界全长约口万多公里,大陆海岸线长口万公里。 6.台湾是我国的第口大岛。民族英雄郑成功于公元口年打败了口侵略者,收复了台清。 7.第一次鸦片战争,是英国于口至口年对中国发动韵侵略战争,战后签订了丧权屏国的…     

薄壁精密罐多道次缩口过程及其机理

基于薄壁精密罐的多道次缩口工艺,分析了各道次缩口材料的变形行为,对首道次缩口与后续道次缩口进行区分,给出在不同道次缩口中缩口入模角的定义,探讨了各道次间缩口行程的控制规律,并利用有限元数值模拟进行了验证,采用专用实验设备所获得的实验结果也证实了该规律,决定了不同道次解析分析的基础不同;基于主应力法推导出了不同道次缩口载荷计算公式,证实各道次缩口工艺中最佳入模角的存在,载荷计算结果与实验结果较为吻合,并计算得出缩口载荷随凹模入模角的变化规律.      

提升武器装备科研生产计量保证工作初探

简要介绍了武器装备配套研制的新趋势,分析了民口配套单位计量保证工作现状及其与装备研制计量保证要求之间存在的差距,提出了国防计量归口管理部门、新装备研制计量师系统以及民口配套单位共同配合的模式,对提高民口配套单位计量保证工作水平,消除装备研制计量保证工作的问题提出了具体建议。     

国防R&D项目的评估与中止决策

论述了对国防R&D项目进行评估及中止决策的重要意义.探讨了神经网络方法用在国防R&D项目中期评估及中止决策的可行性.提出了适用于国防口R&D项目评估及中止决策的BP多层神经网络方法.选用了国防口正在进行研究的52个项目作为实证分析案例,利用BP多层神经网络方法对之进行了分析处理.分析结果识别出了影响国防口R&D项目发展前景的6个重要因素,同时,对52个项目进行了归类处理,并对该52个国防口R&D项目作出了继续、暂停及中止研究的决策.案例研究的结果表明,该方法实施较为方便、计算较为简单,其有效性令人满意.这表明BP多层神经网络方法在R&D项目中止决策领域具有应用前景.      

无外表面的腐蚀缝隙内PH值的分布

用设计的无外表面的缝隙连续测试了LC4铝合金在不受力情况下,在100ppm和3.5％NaCl溶液中,在自腐蚀电位及不同极化电位下,pH值随时间变化和沿缝深的分布。结果表明:自腐状态下,在100ppm NaCl溶液中,缝隙内pH呈碱性。在3.5％NaCl溶液中,腐蚀缝隙内靠近缝隙口的pH呈酸性,而远离缝隙口处的pH呈碱性。在100ppm NaCl溶液中,对缝隙口进行阳极极化时,靠近缝隙口经2h后,pH值由6.8降到约2.5呈酸性;而远离缝隙口pH值由6.8降到约4.5,随后增加到约8呈碱性;阴极极化时缝隙内pH值升高呈强碱。该研究结果与铝的电位-pH图相吻合。     

蒙特卡洛方法计算空间辐射制冷器的辐射交换系数

介绍了用蒙特卡洛方法数值模拟由漫发射面和镜反射面组成的封闭腔中的辐射换热的一般过程;并用蒙特卡洛方法求解了具有较复杂几何关系及表面特性的空间辐射制冷器二级冷块对锥口的辐射交换系数和一级冷块对屏口的辐射交换系数;给出了程序框图;对计算结果进行了分析。     

油面距油盘沿口高度对细水雾灭火效果的影响

油盘火是细水雾灭火效果检验的标准实验火灾模型,为了确定细水雾针对油盘火模型的实验方法,采用正庚烷为火灾燃料,在长4.6m,宽3.2m,高4m的空间内,对油面距油盘沿口高度进行了灭火实验,在实验过程中采用热电偶树和气体分析仪对火焰温度及火场氧浓度进行了测量,得到了油面距油盘沿口高度对细水雾灭火效果的影响规律,为细水雾灭火设计、检验标准制定及细水雾灭火产品的开发提供了相应的实验依据.      

「掌上」小卫星

自从1957年10月4日苏联发射第一颗人造地球口星以来，随着科学技术的不断进步和发展，空间技术也取得了巨大的进展。人类不仅制造出了各种各样、功能各异的卫星，而且还建造了空间站、实现了载人航天。     

同轴单脉冲馈源

本文提出了一种同轴单脉冲馈源,它以简单的方式实现了和模波束在E面和H面的等量化,实现了和、差模波束的同时最佳化。推导了同轴波导的能流及同轴波导口辐射场的一般表达式。作出了同轴馈源的理论分析和计算实例。     

美苏1957—1978年历年发射次数统计

年份美囚苏联.)州1门八务八:本丧所列数据是指美苏葱年 发射各种飞行器的次数,而 不是指每年发射l之星、飞船 和行星探测器的颗数,例 如.苏联1978年88次发q」· J’!;招颗卫)亡卜!、八曰州‘;l,臼!。几团汗少泥洲0曰6谁︸卜l八衬!”门!已曰1“汀Q创口几U UO。.) 11以﹄[了一一只吕Jl‘只Un口”Q︸Q引︺曰‘味j竹八一了︸汀no︸11八曰l)自︺曰f曰J︸卜一·一口!!心︺叨J,口”曰9记9妇,创!9异了{958}951)1()(、0]gf;l1{){亏竺1丁){不:之飞9正i二1 96二19毛弓(飞{9贬;丁19(亏吕)gf;l乍}9了了)!{》7119丁:三}()7319了一l】97519了61 97了1 …     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.