气体微流量标准装置的不确定度评定与研究

介绍了气体流是标准装置的不确定度评定与验证。测试结果表明：气体流量的校准范围（１７－１×１０＾５）ＰａＬ／ｓ，不确定度为２％。     

气体微流量标准装置的测控系统和实验研究

气体微流量标准装置的测控系统在计算机控制下,采用电容薄膜规、光栅尺、铂电阻温度计等高精度传感器测出变容室内气体的压力、体积变化、温度等参量;并在流量测量的动态过程中将变客室内气体的压力波动控制在±０．０１％之内;工作软件实现了对气体微流量标准装置的计算机自动化控制和管理。气体激流量标准装置可以标准１７．１～１．２２×１０－５ＰａＬ／ｓ范围内的气体流量,校准不确定度小于１．９３％;目前它已用于标准漏孔的标定和实用型气体流量计的校准工作中。     

氦气流量校准装置的研究

简要分析了氦气流量校准装置的工作原理和结构，对系统的软、硬件及校准流程进行了讨论，提出并详细阐述了其计量容积的标定技术和计算方法，并在主标准器的结构设计上提出了新的思路，使装置的流量测量扩展不确定度可达0．03％（k=2）。     

正压式pVTt法气体流量标准装置不确定度评定

简要介绍了正压式pVTt法气体流量标准装置的设计原理,并重点对其流量测量过程中的主要影响因素进行了分析,给出了影响因素所引入的标准不确定度的评定方法和评定过程,并对扩展不确定度的评定结果进行了比对分析。     

可高低变温润滑油流量标准装置不确定度评定

润滑油流量标准装置属于新建装置,具有可高低变温、大流量、宽量程的特点,变温范围为（-35～150）℃。对装置基本原理进行了简要介绍,并列出主要性能特点,制定了检定要求和方法。通过实际测试及对测试结果的分析合成,确定了装置不确定度。检定结果表明,此装置不确定度完全达到设计要求。     

多介质气体微小流量标准装置设计探讨CSCD

介绍了气体流量计量发展的特点及需求,提出建立一套多介质气体微小流量标准装置。结合实际装置指标需求,比较分析了常用气体流量标准原理特点,确定采用了PVTt法原理,根据设计指标需求及原理提出了多介质气体微小流量装置整体初步设计方案,并进行了测量不确定度分析。     

多介质气体微小流量标准装置设计探讨

介绍了气体流量计量发展的特点及需求,提出建立一套多介质气体微小流量标准装置。结合实际装置指标需求,比较分析了常用气体流量标准原理特点,确定采用了PVTt法原理,根据设计指标需求及原理提出了多介质气体微小流量装置整体初步设计方案,并进行了测量不确定度分析。     

一种高压孔板气体大流量校准技术研究

建立一种高压孔板气体大流量校准装置,解决了增压输送系统高压孔板流量系数计量难题。该装置可实现最高压力30MPa,最大质量流量18000kg/h（氮气）的气体流量检测,不确定度为0.5%（k=2）。     

发动机流量测控设备校准系统设计与实现

为了验证发动机流量测控设备的准确性和可靠性,本文建立一套流量测控设备的校准系统,实现对发动机流量测控设备进行校准。完成了发动机流量测控设备校准系统的不确定度分析,设计了校准系统中的关键硬件系统,开发了校准系统软件系统,从而实现对发动机流量测控设备的自动控制和校准,该校准系统具有配置灵活和操作简单的特点。     

m-t法气体质量流量标准装置

m t法即质量时间法。它利用称量出在测量时间内的气体质量来求出所测量的质量流量。介绍了该装置的构成和原理 ,分析了装置的不确定度 ,通过对 1 4圆喷嘴流出系数的实际测量和理论推导 ,得出了 1 4圆喷嘴流出系数的经验公式 ,此公式具有重要的实用价值。该装置的工作压力范围为 (0 .1～ 1.5)MPa ,测量流量范围为 (1～ 10 0 )g s,相对扩展不确定度达1.4× 10 -4 ,远优于国内外气体质量流量标准装置 ,达到了国际先进水平。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

应用于毫米波反射计的多项式校准方法

为了在毫米波波段准确测量波导器件的反射系数,提出了一种应用在反射系数测试前端(反射计)中的校准方法.该校准方法采用基于多项式的误差模型,使得每一个误差项的求解都转化成一个求解轨迹圆圆心的问题,同时不影响求解精度.采用一个滑动负载、一个滑动短路和一个短路器,在毫米波波段降低了对标准件理想程度的要求.实验中搭建了一个Ka波段的反射计,图解误差项的求解过程,分析了误差项的物理意义.把校准后的测量结果与商用矢量网络分析仪(VNA,Vector Network Analyzer)进行比较,吻合较好.同样比较了一组W波段反射计对波纹喇叭的测量结果,进一步验证了方法的合理性.