矩形斜口面天线辐射性能

矩形斜口面天线是把矩形波导管两个窄边同时渐削,宽边尺寸保持不变而形成的开口,口面位于无限大完全导电平面上,被矩形波导中主模H₁₀模激励.简化分析了口面电场和磁场分量以及辐射场表达式,主瓣指向偏离侧射方向,即方向图主波瓣指向偏离口面法线和激励波导轴线.计算了主面方向图,给出了天线输入端电压驻波比(VSWR)随频率的变化曲线,发现VSWR与口面倾角有关,通过采用不同的倾角,可使其获得改善.     

应用于制导系统弹载天线的研究

论述了弹载天线的圆极化形成机理,主要就弹尾方向天线辐射方向图的形成进行了设计和仿真,测量了天线的方向图,并进行了结果分析。     

航天器天线有关技术的论述

论述了航天器天线的特点及其与航天器总体的关系;天线的辐射场方向图及增益有关问题;天线的电磁兼容及天线的计算机辅助设计。     

应用数字工业摄影测量实现天线反射体姿态恢复

介绍了天线在安装现场实现无塔标校的一种方法。根据公共点坐标转换原理,采用数字工业摄影测量(简称摄影测量)技术,实现天线反射体(包括主反射面、副反射面、馈源)姿态的恢复。通过天线反射体姿态恢复后所测试Ka/S波段方向图和测试Ka/S波段原始方向图比对,可知天线电性能指标恢复满足要求。     

风云三号星载天线的准光学分析与设计

利用准光学原理分析了风云三号卫星湿度仪天馈系统. 利用等效面磁流和等效面电流法分析得到栅网在高斯波束入射时交叉极化小于-42 dB. 应用高斯模耦合法代替传统的ABCD矩阵分析偏馈反射面, 在大焦径比情况下, 推导出较为简单的高斯模耦合矩阵解析式. 系统实测方向图与仿真结果对比显示, 准光学分析能够快速处理偏馈反射面天线系统, 得到较高精度的结果.      

固定容差参数的阵列天线方向图综合法

研究了设计参数具有固定容差的阵列天线方向图综合法;给出了阵列天线方向图容差优化的数学模型;提出了求解容差优化最坏情况问题的离散化方法;建立了直线阵列天线容差区内误差任意分布的物理模型,并采用修正正多面体优化方法对激励幅度具有容差的侧射天线阵进行了综合。当设计参数偏离其标称值时,文中的综合方法可以使天线性能的偏差最小。     

系统级链路预算方法

计算地面站和飞行器之间的通信链路余量问题常依赖于简单的数学叠加法,但在实际应用中,复杂飞行器模型以及气候条件等干扰因素都容易造成天线方向图的畸变,从而导致链路预算不准.为了尽可能准确评估链路性能,提出了一种系统级链路预算评估方法.应用旋转变换矩阵,建立了姿态变化造成天线方向图相对变化的关系式.仿真得出装机后天线方向图畸变信息.根据相对变化量对方向图信息作数据挖掘.按全系统链路余量表达式计算变姿态情况下链路余量.评估了一种超短波通信天线与地面站天线间的通信链路性能,以及飞机降落时航向天线和航向台站之间的通信链路问题,表明该方法具有一定工程应用价值.     

微带八木贴片天线的特性研究

研究了微带八木贴片天线的频率响应特性和辐射特性。利用电磁仿真软件HFSS分析了天线各贴片大小和贴片间距等参数变化对寄生贴片耦合场强度和相位的影响,得出了耦合场强度和相位随天线参数的变化规律,揭示了天线频率响应和辐射方向图随天线参数变化的本质原因;在此基础上给出了天线的设计步骤。在某项目中应用该设计步骤进行实例设计,针对项目对天线增益的要求优化天线增益方向图,使之满足项目要求;天线实物的测试结果与仿真结果吻合并完全满足设计要求,证明了设计方法的有效性。     

基于子阵激励能量匹配的多子阵交错阵列设计

多子阵稀疏交错共享孔径阵列天线是实现多功能阵列天线设计的有效途径。提出了一种基于子阵激励能量匹配的多子阵稀疏交错优化方法。根据均匀线阵激励与其方向图之间存在的傅里叶变换关系,该方法首先通过快速傅里叶变换（FFT）获得特定方向图的激励频谱能量分布,然后分析均匀线阵目标方向图频谱能量的分布特征,采用交叉选取子阵激励的方法,确定各子阵单元位置,使得阵列天线单元激励能量均匀分配,从而确保各子阵方向图近似一致。在此基础上通过迭代FFT的方法降低各子阵天线方向图旁瓣峰值（PSL）,实现低旁瓣,同性能的多子阵交错共享孔径阵列天线设计。仿真研究与实验表明,通过本文提出多子阵交错方法设计的共享孔径多稀疏交错子阵具有运算量小、孔径利用率高、各子阵峰值旁瓣电平低且拥有相似方向图的优点。利用子阵交错的方法,通过控制各子阵主波瓣指向,能轻松实现多波束指向的多功能阵列天线设计。      

天线阵方向图无人机测试系统研究

本文针对大型米波接收相控阵天线方向图的测量需求,研究了一种基于无人机的测试系统。阐述了测试系统在接收阵天线方向图测量应用中的必要性、可行性和相关技术问题;定性地分析了无人机测量相控阵天线的各种测量误差来源;探讨并提出了一种针对性强、工程可实现性高的测试系统的设计方案和思路。     

行星着陆自主导航与制导控制研究现状与趋势

行星着陆自主导航与制导控制技术是行星着陆过程的核心技术之一,关系到行星着陆任务的成败。本文基于未来火星和小天体着陆对自主导航与制导控制技术的发展需求,阐述了进一步开展自主导航与制导控制研究的必要性,围绕行星着陆过程环境特点,分析了自主导航与制导控制技术所遇到的挑战,随后概括了行星着陆自主导航与制导控制所涉及的关键技术,并综述了关键技术的研究现状。最后对我国未来行星着陆探测自主导航与制导控制技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

Optimising filtering of two-line element sets to increase re-entry prediction accuracy for GTO objects

Predicting re-entry epoch of space objects enables managing the risk to ground population. Predictions are particularly difficult for objects in highly-elliptical orbits, and important for objects with components that can survive re-entry, e.g. rocket bodies (R/Bs). This paper presents a methodology to filter two-line element sets (TLEs) to facilitate accurate re-entry prediction of such objects. Difficulties in using TLEs for precise analyses are highlighted and a set of filters that identifies erroneous element sets is developed. The filter settings are optimised using an artificially generated TLE time series. Optimisation results are verified on real TLEs by analysing the automatically found outliers for exemplar R/Bs. Based on a study of 96 historical re-entries, it is shown that TLE filtering is necessary on all orbital elements that are being used in a given analysis in order to avoid considerably inaccurate results.     

“人在回路”的载人航天器控制系统地面验证平台设计

针对栽人航天器“人在回路”的特点,在评价现有人控交会对接试验系统特点的基础上对地面验证系统设计原则进行归纳,提出一种载人航天器人工控制系统地面验证平台设计方案．该方案在继承以往航天器自动控制系统地面测试系统设计要点的基础上将“人”纳入控制闭环中,确保了载人航天器人工控制系统地面验证真实性．最后对平台的信息流回路、光学变换器等关键技术进行了阐述．     

Earth survey satellites and cooperative programmes

Earth Survey Satellite Systems are on the verge of becoming operational. It would require a sophisticated infrastructure, involving both men and machines, for a nation to set-up its own independent and comprehensive resources survey and management system using these space systems. Only nations having adequately trained scientific manpower can think of establishing such a system on their own. For the rest of the large part of the world, and specifically the developing nations, co-operative programmes are a must for their getting into and establishing a base for this new technology. Some examples of co-operative ventures in this field are presented. Possible co-operative programmes for varied situations are discussed.     

Design study for a three-meter balloon-borne telescope for far infrared and submillimeter astronomy

A NASA supported design study is being carried out for a three-meter balloon-borne far infrared and submillimeter telescope. The goal of this project is to provide a facility for frequent flights for photometry, spectroscopy, and imaging in the spectral region 30 micrometers to 1 millimeter. It is intended to provide a scientific and technical step on the way to a large submillimeter telescope in space in the future. The study is concentrating on areas where technical advances are required: materials and fabrication techniques for lightweight primary mirrors, telescope and gondola structure, and pointing and stabilization. We are carrying out a design optimization and environmental test program of state-of-the-art carbon fiber reinforced plastic sandwich panels in collaboration with Dornier Systems. Similar efforts are being pursued for very lightweight molded glass mirrors. Innovative approaches to the telescope support and stabilization are being explored for achieving the required 1 arcsecond pointing stability.     

Attitude stability and periodic attitudes of rigid spacecrafts on the stationary orbits around asteroid 216 Kleopatra

In this work, equilibrium attitude configurations, attitude stability and periodic attitude families are investigated for rigid spacecrafts moving on stationary orbits around asteroid 216 Kleopatra. The polyhedral approach is adopted to formulate the equations of rotational motion. In this dynamical model, six equilibrium attitude configurations with non-zero Euler angles are identified for a spacecraft moving on each stationary orbit. Then the linearized equations of attitude motion at equilibrium attitudes are derived. Based on the linear system, the necessary conditions of stability of equilibrium attitudes are provided, and stability domains on the spacecraft’s characteristic plane are obtained. It is found that the stability domains are distributed in the first and third quadrants of the characteristic plane and the stability domain in the third quadrant is separated into two regions by an unstable belt. Subsequently, we present the linear solution around a stable equilibrium attitude point, indicating that there are three types of elemental periodic attitudes. By means of numerical approaches, three fundamental families of periodic solutions are determined in the full attitude model.     

Calculations and observations of solar particle enhancements to the radiation environment at aircraft altitudes.

Solar particle events can give greatly enhanced radiation at aircraft altitudes, but are both difficult to predict and to calculate retrospectively. This enhanced radiation can give significant dose to aircrew and greatly increase the rate of single event effects in avionics. Validation of calculations is required but only very few events have been measured in flight. The CREAM detector on Concorde detected the event of 29 September 1989 and also four periods of enhancement during the events of 19-24 October 1989. Instantaneous rates were enhanced by up to a factor ten compared with quiet-time cosmic rays, while flight-averages were enhanced by up to a factor six. Calculations are described for increases in radiation at aircraft altitudes using solar particle spectra in conjunction with Monte Carlo radiation transport codes. In order to obtain solar particle spectra with sufficient accuracy over the required energy range it is necessary to combine space data with measurements from a wide range of geomagnetically dispersed, ground-level neutron monitors. Such spectra have been obtained for 29 September 1989 and 24 October 1989 and these are used to calculate enhancements that are compared with the data from CREAM on Concorde. The effect of cut-off rigidity suppression by geomagnetic activity is shown to be significant. For the largest event on record on 23 February 1956, there are no space data but there are data from a number of ground-level cosmic-ray detectors. Predictions for all events show very steep dependencies on both latitude and altitude. At high latitude and altitude (17 km) calculated increases with respect to cosmic rays are a factor 70 and 500 respectively for 29 September 1989 and 23 February 1956. The levels of radiation for high latitude, subsonic routes are calculated, using London to Los Angeles as an example, and can exceed 1 mSv, which is significantly higher than for Concorde routes from Europe to New York. The sensitivity of the calculations to spectral fitting, geomagnetic activity and other assumptions demonstrates the requirement for widespread carriage of radiation monitors on aircraft.     

A parametric study of space radiation exposures to critical body organs for low earth orbit missions.

The geomagnetically-trapped and galactic cosmic radiation environments are two of the major sources of naturally-occurring space radiation exposure to astronauts in low earth orbit. The exposure is dependent primarily on altitude, spacecraft shielding, crew stay-times, and solar cycle effects for a 28.5 deg orbital inclination. Based on Space Shuttle experience, the calculated results of a parametric study are presented for several mission scenarios using a computerized anatomical man model and are compared with the NASA crew exposure limits for several critical body organs.     

红外气体分析中环境影响的补偿方法研究

环境温度、总压影响是红外气体分析中难以有效解决的主要问题之一，本文以二氧化碳气体为测量对象，采用实验手段，单片机和数据自理技术建立了环境温度、总压对红上气体分析影响的补偿数学模型和求解方法，并进行了实验验证，研究的内容为红外气体分析中影响影响的外补偿开始辟了一条新的途径，具有广阔的应用前景。     

月球中继通信卫星系统发展综述与展望

中继通信是一些月球探测任务中必须解决的关键问题,特别是月球背面和两极地区的着陆和巡视探测任务以及载人登月任务。对国内外月球中继通信卫星的研究和发展情况进行了综述,在对月球中继通信任务需求分析的基础上,从中继通信体制选择、轨道选择等方面对月球中继通信任务的实现途径进行了分析,并对月球中继通信技术的未来发展进行了展望。