一种可承受径向和轴向载荷的超声悬浮轴承

基于压电驱动原理和超声波近场悬浮技术,提出了一种可同时承受径向和轴向载荷的超声悬浮轴承方案。此方案只依靠单一激励源即可实现双向支承,结构紧凑,控制简单。为准确预测超声轴承的工作频率和声阻抗,建立了超声轴承的声阻抗网络模型;利用有限元分析(FEA)方法,对超声轴承径向和轴向辐射面的振幅进行了仿真计算;研制了超声悬浮轴承原理样机并开展了轴承悬浮承载能力测试实验。实验结果表明:超声悬浮轴承具有良好的悬浮效果,可承受较大的径向载荷和一定的轴向载荷。此类超声轴承的研究可为未来新型轴承结构的研发开拓新的思路。     

CMG中角接触球轴承在随机振动下的安全性分析

研究CMG中角接触球轴承在随机振动下的安全性。推导轴承在轴向力和径向力联合作用下的轴向刚度和径向刚度,建立轴承的等效线性弹簧模型,并利用ANSYS的谱分析迭代求取轴承在随机振动下的轴向力和径向力,将径向当量静载荷和轴向载荷分别与径向基本额度静载荷和极限轴向载荷比较,分析其安全性。以某种角接触球轴承为例,验证了其在给定输入功率谱密度下任意方向加载都安全。     

液体静压向心止推联合轴承的设计计算

本文讨论了液体静压联合向心止推轴承的原理和性能,并介绍了两种基本结构形式,可按具体工作条件来选择。文中提供了单向止推和双向止推联合轴承的计算方法和算式,据此可合理地选择设计参数以求达到所希望的轴向和径向承载性能。这两种形式虽然都具有高效率、油路简化和结构紧凑等优点,但通过本文分析可见,双向止推联合轴承的优越性在于其轴向间隙变化甚小以及轴向载荷对径向承载性能影响甚微。     

不同型线柔性轴承的性能分析及比较

柔性轴承的应力分布及动态刚度特性对低温制冷机的整体可靠性尤为重要.以最大应力值、轴向刚度、径轴向刚度比为性能指标,对新设计的费马型线柔性轴承和其他两种柔性轴承进行对比研究.通过有限元分析,对比了三者之间应力分布、应力变化及刚度变化特性.设计制作了这3种不同型线的柔性轴承,并测试了3种柔性轴承的径轴向刚度,结果显示:费马型线柔性轴承的径轴向刚度之比最大,牛津型柔性轴承的径向刚度最小;费马柔性轴承的应力值最大,但最大应力值小于材料的疲劳应力,因此费马型线的柔性轴承在性能上优于其他两种柔性轴承.     

轴压开口圆柱薄壳屈曲分析与试验

开口圆柱薄壳结构的轴向承载能力和稳定性分析是空间薄壁管式伸展机构(STEM,Storable Tubular Extendable Member)设计的关键问题之一.基于特征值屈曲分析方法,研究了轴压铍青铜开口圆柱薄壳结构在两端固支条件下的屈曲载荷与设计参数间的关系,利用幂函数拟合的方法建立了一种轴压开口圆柱薄壳屈曲载荷模型.通过铍青铜开口圆柱薄壳轴向压缩试验对特征值屈曲分析和所建立的轴压开口圆柱薄壳屈曲载荷模型进行了验证.结果表明:特征值屈曲分析方法可用于各向同性材料开口圆柱薄壳结构在两端固支条件下的轴向承载能力与稳定性分析;使用轴压开口圆柱薄壳屈曲载荷模型计算各向同性材料的开口圆柱薄壳在两端固支条件下受轴压作用时的屈曲载荷,最大误差为21%.     

不同工艺成型复合材料加筋板轴压破坏机理分析

对受到边界约束的不同工艺成型复合材料加筋板进行了轴压试验和数值模拟,研究二次胶接和共固化工艺成型加筋板轴向压缩破坏机理。轴压试验中,通过应变计实时监测试验件局部屈曲,及时记录试验件初始声响载荷,通过断面观测分析结构破坏机理。基于ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型模拟结构后屈曲损伤渐进直至破坏过程。计算结果和试验结果相吻合,研究表明工艺对结构稳定性及承载能力没有显著影响,而加筋板构型影响较大。聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(Polymethacrylimide,PMI)泡沫不影响结构失稳载荷及破坏载荷,但能延缓结构初始损伤的发生。二次胶接成型加筋板界面临近破坏才出现损伤,而共固化成型加筋板界面损伤出现较早且扩展缓慢,表现出更好的损伤阻抗特性。      

一种磁悬浮开关磁阻电机用轴向径向磁轴承

为了克服现有永磁偏置轴向径向磁轴承的缺陷,研究了一种新型结构的磁悬浮开关磁阻电机用永磁偏置轴向径向磁轴承.分析其结构及工作原理,利用等效磁路法进行分析,得出了轴向悬浮力及径向悬浮力的数学模型,并对数学模型进行了线性化处理,得出了其轴向、径向位移刚度和电流刚度.给出了磁极面积、控制线圈安匝数、定转子结构等主要参数的设计方法,给出了样机参数,用有限元对样机进行了三维仿真分析.理论研究和仿真分析表明:该永磁偏置轴向径向磁轴承结构紧凑,轴向控制磁通和径向控制磁通彼此解耦,控制更加容易,适用于高速、低功耗等场合.      

复合材料静压痕与落锤冲击初始损伤对比试验

为了研究复合材料层合板的分层起始载荷,对不同材料体系和不同铺层数的复合材料层合板进行了准静态压痕试验和落锤冲击试验.得到了复合材料层板的分层起始载荷和冲击分层损伤能量门槛值,并对损伤情况进行了分析.结果表明,层合板的落锤冲击试验的分层起始载荷与冲击能级有关,并且分层起始载荷值随冲击能级提高而增加;准静态压痕试验的分层起始载荷值要低于低速冲击试验的分层起始载荷值;当冲击能量达到层板分层损伤能量门槛值时,层板发生大量分层损伤,层合板刚度出现急剧下降.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.