DSP大气中子单粒子效应试验研究

利用14Me V快中子辐照源,开展了数字信号处理器(DSP)大气中子单粒子效应地面模拟试验研究。设计了地面模拟的试验方法,包括单粒子效应监测方法、试验系统布局、试验程序及其判据等。获得了SMJ320F2812、SMJ320C6415、TMS320C6416、TMS320C6418等多款型号DSP器件的中子单粒子效应的翻转错误数试验数据,分析计算得到14Me V中子辐照源下的敏感截面。结果显示,DSP器件的主要敏感现象为单粒子翻转(SEU),部分器件还发生了单粒子功能中断效应(SEFI)。相同工艺的被测DSP器件的中子单粒子效应敏感截面具有相同的数量级,验证了本文使用的地面模拟试验方法的可行性,为航空电子设备的可靠性与安全性评估提供了大气中子单粒子效应的器件级基础数据。     

几种COTS元器件单粒子试验研究

针对COTS元器件没有考虑空间辐射环境的影响导致的高风险,特别是单粒子效应,使用重离子对空间科学用的数字信号处理器(DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)和模数转换器(ADC)开展了单粒子效应试验研究,分析了这几种COTS元器件单粒子效应发生时的现象。结果表明:TMS570LS20216型DSP的单粒子闩锁阈值低于12.6 MeV·cm~2/mg,A3PE3000L型FPGA的单粒子翻转阈值在个位数量级,ADS7883S型ADC的单粒子效应阈值大于36.8 MeV·cm~2/mg。试验结果可用于COTS元器件空间应用的系统级单粒子效应防护设计和风险评估。     

工业动态

<正>C919航电系统与飞机系统动态集成试验台交付近日,C919大型客机航电系统与飞机系统动态集成试验台(ASIVB)在中国商飞上飞院航电综合试验室通过项目到货验收评审,顺利交付并进入试运行状态。ASIVB将承担C919大型客机综合航电系统验证以及飞机级航电系统集成验证任务,是目前世界上规模最大的航电系统试验设施之一,     

军机航空电子系统综合试验程序设计研究

航电系统是飞机完成预定任务使命的重要系统，为了确保航电系统安全可靠的运行，装机之前都要在试验室进行动态仿真综合试验，涉及到系统综合试验项目的设置、试验环境、试验设施、试验构型、试验原理、试验步骤和测试内容等。结合某型号机的研制实践，对其综合试验程序进行了研究，介绍了基于1553B总线的军机航电系统在DSI(动态仿真综合设施)上的试验程序设计原理和设计方法。     

数字信号处理大气中子单粒子效应(SEE)试验研究

本文针对4型航空常用的数字信号处理(DSP)进行了大气中子单粒子效应试验,对辐照条件、试验环境、试验件安装及监测方法进行研究,并对试验结果进行了数据处理及分析。试验结果表明,该4型DSP在14Me V中子辐射下均发生了单粒子翻转(SEU是单粒子效应中的一种模式),TMS320C6416TBGLZA8、TMS320C6418ZTSA500、TMS320F2812及SM32C6415EGLZ50SEP的单粒子翻转截面分别为1.91e-7cm2/device、6.62e-7cm2/device、8.82e-9cm2/device及1.62e-7cm2/device,在12000m处的飞行高度下,器件发生的单位翻转率分别为1.15e-03n/(device·h)、3.97e-03n/(device·h)、5.29e-05n/(device·h)、及9.69e-04n/(device·h)。     

民机非航电系统模拟器综述

本文介绍了非航电系统模拟器的基本功能、主要作用和实现方法，并对某型号飞机的非航电各系统的模拟器进行了回顾，从中总结经验和教训，为未来机型的系统综合试验非航电系统模拟器建设提出了自己的看法。     

航电系统集成验证环境中的试验总控系统建设

针对国内军用航空修理行业系统级综合试验现状,根据航电集成验证环境中总控系统的特点和应具有的基本功能,结合视情维修需求及现代软硬件技术状态和成熟试验验证的手段,介绍了航电系统集成验证环境中总控系统的建设思路,给出了总控系统硬件及上位机测试软件的实现方案。该总控系统的应用将提升航电系统的修理验证能力。     

先期产品质量策划（APQP）方法在民机航电系统开发中的应用探索

基于通用民机产品研制流程和ARP 4754A标准建立航电系统开发APQP过程模型；参考ARP4754A标准对安全性分析的要求通过综合分析，将先期产品质量策划（APQP）及相关质量工具应用于民机航电系统开发项目。明确质量工具与各开发阶段的对应关系，为航电系统开发建立质量控制方法提供可借鉴意义。     

昂际航电志在参与全球竞争

昂际航电是中航工业与GE公司在两年多前组建的合资企业，初衷是集成和整合双方母公司民用航电系统的产品和技术，作为代表双方优势资源的唯一的解决方案供应商参与C919大型飞机的航电系统竞争。这家新创合资企业近期状况如何？在后C919时代将向何处去？带着这些问题，本刊记者采访了昂际航电航电新任总裁兼首席执行宫Alan Jones。     

基于模型的航电系统集成验证技术研究

为了满足系统集成度高、交联关系复杂的航电系统集成验证需求,提出了基于模型的航电系统集成验证技术。详细介绍了基于模型的航电系统仿真和测试方法,航电系统仿真建模规范,以及基于模型运行的航电系统集成验证平台。通过在航电系统集成过程中的应用,基于模型的集成方法有效地提高了航电系统集成效率,保证了航电系统集成准确度。该方法可应用于航电系统全数字集成、半物理集成和全实物动态集成,保证各阶段试验的衔接,持续提升航电系统集成工作的技术水平。     

Transient Effects and Disturbed Conditions

In the present phase of the solar cycle no big transients leading to strong modulation had been observed after 1991. Apart from a few minor disturbances cosmic rays were still recovering to a new intensity maximum. It was suggested, therefore, that existing literature from previous cycles should be critically reviewed. The scene was set by the introductory papers on— phenomenology of cosmic ray modulation in successive solar cycles throughout the heliosphere— the present state of models for long term modulation and their shortcomings— the relation between cosmic ray variations and the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field (the CR-B-relation)— charge dependent effects.In the discussions, the study of propagating diffusive disturbances and the CR-B-relation played a central role. The difference was stressed between isolated transient disturbances in the inner solar system (Forbush decreases), and the long lasting, step-like decreases caused by merged interaction regions in the outer heliosphere. The recovery rates following the step-like decreases vary with the phase in the 22-year solar cycle. In some cases this requires a modification of existing drift models. In the outer heliosphere, the CR-B-relation leads to the result 1/ between the diffusion coefficient and the field magnitude . This simple result is a challenge for theoreticians to derive the perpendicular diffusion coefficient fromfirst principles. The three articles in this report essentially follow the list of open points and arguments just presented.The article "Observations and Simple Models" is organised around the model of a propagating diffusive barrier, its application to Forbush effects in the inner heliosphere and to decreases caused by merged interaction regions in the outer heliosphere. Acomparison of observed Forbush decreases with model predictions requires a careful separation of the two steps related to the turbulent region behind the shock front and the closed magnetic field regions of the ejecta (the interplanetary counterparts of coronal mass ejections). It is shown that models for propagating disturbances can be used to derive values of the diffusion coefficients phenomenologically, not only during the disturbance, but also in the ambient medium.The "Modeling of Merged Interaction Regions" summarizes the dynamic and time-dependent process of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere. Numerical models with only a time-dependent neutral sheet prove to be successful when moderate to low solar activity occurs but fail to describe large and discrete steps in modulated cosmic rays when solar activity is high. To explain this feature of heliospheric modulation, the concept of global merged interaction regions is required. The com-bination of gradient, curvature and neutral sheet drifts with these global merged interaction regions has so far been the most successful approach in explaining the 11-year and 22-year cycles in the long-term modulation of cosmic rays.The "Remarks on the Diffusion Tensor in the Heliosphere" describe available theories of perpen-dicular diffusion and drift, and discuss their relevance to cosmic rays in the heliosphere. In addition, the information about diffusion coefficients and spatial gradients obtained from the analysis of steady state anisotropies at neutron monitor energies is summarized. These topics are intimately related to the other two articles. They are also part of the general discussion about the "Diffusion Tensor throughout the Heliosphere" which played an important role in all working groups.     

前置扩压器几何参数对突扩扩压器性能的影响

研究了突扩扩压器中前置扩压器各参数与总压损失和静压恢复间的关系。采用实验与FLUENT计算结合的方法,通过水槽PIV实验得出扩压器内的流场信息,对照不同的湍流模型,得出最佳的计算方案。根据此计算方案计算不同的扩张角下前置扩压器性能的变化,得出各参数之间的规律。结果表明雷诺应力模型能够较好地预测扩压器内部流场;前置扩压器扩张角存在一个最佳值,大于最佳值前置扩压器会出现流动分离;结合理论分析和计算数据总结出计算前置扩压器总压损失系数和静压恢复系数的公式,利用此公式还可求出最佳的前置扩张角和前置扩压器长度,计算误差在5%左右。     

Correlation Effects of MTI Filters

A frequency domain approach for determining the effective number of independent pulses at the output of a square law detector in a moving target indicator (MTI) system leads to a definition which gives the same asymptotic results as given by a previous definition.     

Electrical Effects on Atmospheric Chemistry

Electrical discharges in planetary atmospheres, and lightning in particular, can cause otherwise unexpected—but highly important—chemical species to be present. The synthesis of oxidants on Mars, nitrates on Earth and Early Mars, and of organic matter elsewhere can be driven by lightning and related electrical phenomena.     

稀释氩气对分叉管内爆震波绕射的影响

为了研究稀释气体Ar的浓度对爆震波从直管往分叉管绕射传播和对直管中爆震波传播的影响,采用三阶TVD迎风格式和Strang-splitting算子分裂法,对H2/O2/Ar混合物爆震燃烧进行了二维数值计算。计算结果表明:在298K,6670Pa初始条件下,四种组分比条件下,主爆震管下游由于分叉管绕射稀疏波的影响,都会产生不同程度的解耦,但是通过壁面马赫反射后,都能恢复平面爆震;在H2/O2/Ar体积比为2:1:7时,爆震波绕射进入分叉管后,爆震波解耦成爆燃火焰波;体积比为2:1:0,2:1:1和2:1:4条件下,水平爆震管中的爆震波,绕射进入垂直分叉管后,通过不同次数壁面马赫反射,能够二次起爆,解耦的爆震波恢复成为平面自持爆震波。     

Aerosol Effects on Clouds and Climate

Aerosols affect the climate system by changing cloud characteristics in many ways. They act as cloud condensation and ice nuclei, they may inhibit freezing and they could have an influence on the hydrological cycle. While the cloud albedo enhancement (Twomey effect) of warm clouds received most attention so far and traditionally is the only indirect aerosol forcing considered in transient climate simulations, here I discuss the multitude of effects.     

真空紫外线辐射对聚合物材料的作用

针对空间环境条件综述了真空紫外线辐射对材料物理、化学等性能的影响及机理。聚合物材料在真空紫外线作用下，表面粗糙度上升，结构发生明显变化，拉伸强度下降。同时透光率、耐热性等均发生变化。真空紫外线与原子氧等其它空间环境因素有一定程度的协同效应。不同材料对各因素的敏感程度稍有差异。     

基于试验设计方法对氢燃料CIVB回火的多参数数值分析

为了能够全面考察多因素,包括质量流量、燃烧室结构(旋流器结构和预混段结构)、温度和燃料组分等对燃烧诱导涡破碎(CIVB)回火的影响,采用试验设计(DOE)方法进行多参数数值分析。对于CIVB回火的模拟采用二维轴对称模型,并补充用户自定义函数(UDF)来模拟旋流器的存在。结果表明:因素对CIVB回火影响的重要程度排序依次为:旋流器结构预混段结构温度燃料组分质量流量;其中,旋流器结构、预混段结构、温度和燃料组分对于CIVB回火具有高度显著的影响,而质量流量以及任意两因素间的交互作用可以忽略;各因素主要通过改变流场和火焰特性作用于CIVB回火。     

Multipath Fluctuation Effects in Track-While-Scan Radar

A theoretical model of diffuse multipath reflections from rough surfaces is applied to the prediction of multipath power distribu tions in radar coordinates: elevation angle, time delay, and Dop pler frequency. These distributions are used to predict radar tracking errors in elevation angle, for both monopulse and scan ning antenna systems, and typical results are presented. These show a small increase in tracking error for scanning systems, on radially approaching targets, caused by sensitivity of these trackers to amplitude scintillation of the composite direct-plus multipath signal. Effects of knife-edge diffraction and of vegetation ion are briefly considered.     

旋转对涡轮叶片异型孔气膜冷却的影响

为了揭示异型气膜孔在旋转状态下的冷却特性,采用数值模拟的方法分析了吹风比为0.6时旋转对涡轮叶片异型气膜孔流动及冷却的影响,包括三种气膜孔:圆孔、扇形孔及收敛缝型孔。结果表明:旋转时气膜射流受离心力和哥氏力作用朝叶尖方向偏转,射流涡结构被弱化而变得不明显,气膜射流向主流的穿透得到一定程度的削弱;圆孔和扇形孔冷却效率随旋转雷诺数增大而升高,局部最多可分别提高100%和50%左右,收敛缝型孔冷却效率受旋转雷诺数的影响较小;旋转状态下扇形孔冷却效果与收敛缝型孔相当,仍然优于圆孔。