复合加工技术

航空难加工材料的广泛应用给传统加工方法带来了严峻挑战,传统的去除材料机械加工方法难以满足工艺要求,复合加工技术不再局限于冷热加工方法的划分、去除材料方式的加工,在航空难加工材     

基于特征的飞机结构件加工状态监测方法

为有效监测飞机结构件加工过程中出现的刀具严重磨损、刀具破损和加工颤振等异常加工状态,提出基于特征的飞机结构件加工状态监测方法.分析了加工特征对监测加工状态监测的影响,运用小波分析方法提取加工特征关于加工状态的信号特征量,应用支持向量机方法对加工状态进行辨识.实例结果表明,该方法能有效的监测飞机结构件异常加工状态,具有较高的工程实用价值.     

飞机数字化装配系统中机身交点孔加工方法研究

针对传统交点孔加工方法加工精度低且存在回弹变形的问题,设计了一种满足飞机大部件数字化装配要求的机身交点孔精加工方法,根据交点孔的加工特性完成了机身定位与固持、数控加工中心定位以及加工工艺的总体设计,确定了交点孔加工程序原点的计算方法和编程原则,最后通过交点孔试切加工试验验证了加工方法的可行性。     

数控展成电解加工整体叶轮的研究与应用

针对整体叶轮扭曲叶片型面的加工提出一种新方法--数控展成电解加工,介绍了这种加工方法的机床及多轴联动方法,给出曲面处理及数控编程方法。通过对展成加工过程的分析和简化,进行了成型规律研究,得出加工中存在的理论误差表达式,提出改进方案消除了部分加工误差,并通过试验验证。用这种加工方式已加工出符合要求的整体叶轮,并已在航空发动机中装机使用。     

薄壁吊舱零件高速切削工艺研究

高速切削具有加工效率高、加工精度高、切削力小、工件的热变形和热膨胀小、经济效益高等优点,通过对某飞机吊舱零件工艺方法的研究,实现了该薄壁零件的高速铣削加工,与传统数控加工方法相比加工效率大幅提高。     

一种改进标准丝锥加工钛合金的技术方法

本文介绍了在钛合金内螺纹加工过程中,通过对标准丝锥的改进,取得较好的加工方法,改变了加工钛合金内螺纹孔时只依靠外购进口丝锥或利用数控车床车削的加工方法,对钛合金内螺纹孔的加工方法提供了一定的借鉴作用。     

复杂曲面FSS加工系统研究

为了解决大型复杂曲面FSS(FrequencySelectiveSurface)加工中的关键技术,研究并开发了5自由度机器人数字化加工系统。与传统的5轴联动加工方法相比,提出的分区加工和浮动电主轴模糊定位相结合的快速加工方法大大提高了系统的加工效率。利用建立的数字化加工系统加工了复杂曲面FSS雷达罩试件和平板FSS试件。对比测试了不同加工工艺条件下平板FSS的频率传输响应特性,验证了该加工系统的有效性。     

基于微粒群的数控加工路径优化方法研究

在飞机结构件数控加工过程中,如何减少空程,实现数控加工路径的优化是数控编程急需解决的关键问题,直接影响数控加工效率。文章针对飞机结构件数控加工路径优化方法进行研究,提出一种改进的微粒群优化方法,并利用所提方法实现转角加工路径的优化,代替了人工随机确定转角加工路径的方法。文章最后利用所提方法对典型飞机结构件转角加工路径进行优化,仿真结果表明,针对数控加工路径优化问题,所提方法远远优于传统微粒群方法。     

高温合金小孔钻削攻丝加工的方法

高温合金材料的小孔加工,特别是孔径尺寸上下偏差差值小的孔及小螺纹的加工,保证一次加工合格率较为困难,本文结合实际加工的某零件,从高温合金的切削特点、加工技法等方面进行探讨,详细叙述小孔钻削、攻丝加工的经验和方法,通过方法改进,高效高质完成产品的高精度尺寸要求.     

偏心车铣削技术在航空发动机机匣加工中的应用

航空发动机机匣零件的外型面主要采用车铣削的方法加工,传统加工方法中刀具的轴线通过零件的回转中心,容易导致切削状态不好和加工应力较大的问题.研究采用刀具偏心切削的加工方式,可以比较有效避免刀具零转速点接触零件,从而改善加工质量,提高加工效率.     

Influence mechanism of machining angles on force induced error and their selection in five axis bullnose end milling

In the machining of complicated surfaces, the cutters with large length/diameter ratios are used widely and the deformation of the machining system is one of the principal error sources. During the process planning stage, the cutting direction angle, the cutter lead and tilt angles are usually optimized to minimize the force induced error. It may lead to a low machining efficiency for bullnose end mills, as the material removal rates are different largely for different machining angles. In this paper, the influence mechanism of the machining angles on the force induced error is studied based on the models of the instantaneous cutting force when the cutter flute traveling through the cutting contact point and the stiffness of the machining system. In order to evaluate the machining angles, the force induced error/efficiency indicator (FEI) is defined as the division of the force induced error and the equal volume sphere of the removed material. FEI is dimensionless, with the lower FEI, the lower force induced error and the higher machining efficiency. For optimal selection of the machining angles, the critical FEI is calculated with the constraint of force induced error and the desired material removal rate, and the critical FEI separate the set of the machining angles into two subsets. After the feed rate scheduling process, the machining angles in the optimal subset would have higher machining accuracy and efficiency, while the machining angles in the other subset have lower machining accuracy and efficiency. Through the machining experiment of five axis machining and freeform surface machining, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed FEI method is verified with a bullnose end mill, which can improve the machining efficiency with the constraint of force induced error.     

UG在高速加工中的应用

高速加工(HSM)具有许多优点，被广泛应用在航空产品的数控加工中。但是使用高速加工技术，不仅要有适合高速加工的设备，选择适合进行高速加工的刀具，更为重要的是选择合理的编程策略。任何编程策略的不合理都会造成严重的后果。所以数控编程一直是高速加工的重点和难点。以UG软件为研究对象，作者提出了实现高速加工的数控编程的策略，并使用高速铣雕设备对生成的NG代码进行了加工，加工结果验证了NG代码是正确的、合理的。说明了采用合理的加工策略，使用UG软件可以实现高速加工的编程。     

基于在线测量的制造过程尺寸基准的优化

分析了在线测量误差和机械加工误差及过程尺寸基准对零件加工结构的影响 ,给出了过程尺寸基准和验收安全裕度的优化数学模型 ,讨论了过程尺寸基准在轴承内环内孔磨削加工中的应用 ,得出了在加工过程中使过程尺寸基准适当偏离公差带中点可以减少废品率、降低产品成本的结论     

现代特种加工技术的发展

简述了特种加工的技术特点和未来发展趋势,分别论述了高能束流加工、电火花加工、电解加工、物料切蚀加工和复合加工技术的概念、特征与应用状况。     

飞机结构件数控加工变形控制研究与仿真

以飞机弧形结构件这一典型易变形的零件为例,研究数控加工变形情况及其影响因素,分析数控加工过程中切削力对变形、残余应力对加工变形、装夹布局对飞机结构件数控加工变形的影响,并针对所研究的3个方面建立相应的物理仿真模型,模拟加工变形情况,提出了相应的解决方案。     

Surface-improvement mechanism of hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses

Superalloys are commonly used in aircraft manufacturing; however, the requirements for high surface quality and machining accuracy make them difficult to machine. In this study, a hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is proposed to achieve this target. In this method, electrochemical machining (ECM) and electrical discharge machining (EDM) are unified into a single process using a sequence of variable-amplitude pulses such that the machining process realizes both good surface finish and high machining accuracy. Furthermore, the machining mechanism of the hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is studied. The mechanism is investigated by observations of machining waveforms and machined surface. It is found that, with a high-frequency transformation between high- and low-voltage waveforms within a voltage cycle, the machining mechanism is frequently transformed from EDM to pure ECM. The critical discharge voltage is 40 V. When pulse voltages greater than 40 V are applied, the machining accuracy is good; however, the surface has defects such as numerous discharge craters. High machining accuracy is maintained when high-voltage pulses are replaced by low-voltage pulses to enhance electrochemical dissolution. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses can yield high-quality surfaces with high machining accuracy.     

超细晶硬质合金加工机理及加工性能

围绕超细晶硬质合金精密磨削加工、在线电解修整磨削加工、电火花加工、超声复合加工、激光复合加工等加工方法,系统综述了超细晶硬质合金的加工机理和加工性能,并展望了超细晶硬质合金高效精密加工未来的研究重点。     

Process-scheme-driven N C machining cell for automatic construction of aircraft structural parts

In order to enhance the NC programming efficiency and quality of aircraft structural parts （ASPs）, an intelligent NC programming pattern driven by process schemes is presented. In this pattern, the NC machining cell is the minimal organizational structure in the technological process, consisting of an operation machining volume cell, and the type and parameters of the machining operation. After the machining cell construction, the final NC program can be easily obtained in a CAD/CAM system by instantiating the machining operation for each machining cell. Accordingly, how to automatically establish the machining cells is a key issue in intelligent NC program- ming. On the basis of the NC machining craft of ASP, the paper aims to make an in-depth research on this issue. Firstly, some new terms about the residual volume and the machinable volume are defined, and then, the technological process is modeled with a process scheme. Secondly, the approach to building the machining cells is introduced, in which real-time complement machining is mainly considered to avoid interference and overcutting. Thirdly, the implementing algorithm is designed and applied to the Intelligent NC Programming System of ASP. Finally, the developed algorithm is validated through two case studies.     

模具制造的高速加工工艺研究

高速加工不但可以成倍地提高生产效率,还可进一步改善零件的加工精度和表面质量,解决一些常规加工中难以解决的某些特殊材料的高效加工问题,因此,高速加工技术在世界上引起了高度重视。主要从加工工艺方面讲述了高速铣削的技术特点以及在模具加工行业的应用。最后展望了高速加工的发展应用前景。     

薄层芳纶复合材料壳体的后加工研究

针对芳纶复合材料壳体后加工存在的问题，本文采用了通用机械加工和激光加工两种方法，通过优化加工工艺，分析了钻头的几何形状、转速、加工条件（冷却和施加背衬材料）等因素对加工的表面质量及尺寸的稳定性的影响，进而探讨了采用通用机械加工方法需要注意的一些问题，且对比分析了激光加工的特点及其实际应用的条件。