代理成本与效益“黑洞”

本文针对生产增长、效益下降现象，对经营代价的三个组成部分：生产成本、必要的管理成本和代理成本进行了分析，证明在现行管理体制下，代理成本是效益严重流失的主要渠道。但现行管理方法对此不仅无有效的控制手段，而且在很多方面还促使代理成本泛滥。本文提出了一些解决措施。     

协调发展“大物流”——美国物流发展的一些思考

2004年9月12-28日,中国物流与采购联合会考察组对美国进行了考察访问。代表团走访了美国政府有关部门、行业协会和物流企业,参观了高速公路、港口和仓库等基础设施。就所见所闻结合有关资料,做一些简要的介绍。一、美国物流的有关情况 (一)美国交通运输管理体制 美国联邦运输部是全国交通运输行政管理机关,统筹各种运输方式的管理,下设10个部门。分别是:高速公路管理局、车辆安全管理局、高速公路安全局、公共交通局、铁路运输管理局、航空运输管理局、海洋运输局、水路运输公司(非赢利     

美国航空科研管理的若干问题

本文探讨了美国航空科研管理的若干问题，主要涉及航空科研的分类和定义、管理体系、计划管理以及经费渠道和分配比例。     

美国的民用机场管理

1994年2月28日～3月11日,中国民航第二期赴美培训团在华盛顿盖兰德律师事务所参加了机场管理培训。此间,代表团听取了一些美国航空界人士对当前美国民用航空管理体系的情况介绍,重点是法律体系、管理体制、机场运营、机场发展规划等,也包括推行非管制政策的利弊分析、空管系统的改革及航空统计方面的内容;前往美国联邦航空总局(以下简称FAA)、全美空中交通管制中心、杜勒斯国际机场、华盛顿国立机场及北美国际机场联合会进行了参观考察。通过学习和参观,我们对美国机场管理     

对危机下航空集团财务公司信贷业务的思考

航空集团财务公司自集团成立以来就被赋予了“资金结算中心、资金管理中心和筹融资重要渠道”等功能，财务公司充当着集团公司内部银行的角色，其基本业务为：为集团成员单位办理内部结算，开展贷款、担保等信贷业务，并利用非银行金融机构的身份为集团公司筹得较低成本的资金。一般来说，航空集团财务公司的资金主要用于三个方面：结算头寸备付、信贷业务和投资业务。由于航空集团属高负债企业，因此没有过多的资金进行投资，且监管部门也不鼓励财务公司进行高风险的投资，因此，信贷业务仍将是航空集团财务公司未来的主营业务和主要收入来源。     

欧洲联合航空局适航管理体制研究

通过对欧洲联合航空局的大量适航管理资料的分析和研究，系统地阐述了当今欧洲联合航空局的基本情况及其适航管理体制，并对进口产品的适航批准所应具备的条件作了介绍。     

对振兴东北老工业基地的思考

振兴东北老工业基地,应主要抓好以下几个方面工作:从改革国有资产管理体制,调整公司股权结构以及加强对经理人员的激励和监督入手,深化经济体制改革;主要依靠地方自身力量,多方开拓筹资渠道,解决资金问题;坚持可持续发展战略,走绿色工业和高新工业道路;培育区域特色产业,实现区际优势互补.     

论民航航管系统的战略性重组

ACommentontheStrategicRegroupofCAACATCSystem民航空中交通管理服务系统（简称“航管系统”）是民用航空运输体系中的一个重要组成部分。航管系统的发展对民航运输业具有全局性的影响。过去的十年，为了适应我国民航事业的发展，国家投入了大量资金，对我国的航管基础设施进行了大规模的更新改造，航管系统的管理体制也进行了必要的调整。然而，这些改造和调整并未从根本上改变航管体制上政企不分，政事不分，权责不明，管理粗放的弊端。如何把握机遇，深化改革，保持航管系统持续、稳定、健康地发展，这是摆在中国航管人面前的一个…     

企业人力资源管理问题探究

通过分析企业现行的人力资源管理体制、方法、制度等方面存在的一些具体问题，这些问题制约了现代企业的改革和发展，因此，改革人力资源管理体制，赋予人力资源管理以新的内容、方法和制度已是当务之急。在阐述了企业对人力资源管理与开发的具体措施后，指出企业的竞争力在很大程度上取决于人力资源的管理与开发。     

国际结算业务中的资金管理

资金是企业的命脉,好比人体的血液,其重要性不言而喻。要使它流畅顺利,不出现梗阻,必须对企业资金的筹集、使用、耗费、回收、分配5个环节加以科学地管理。近10年来,民航事业高速发展,各航空公司通过多种渠道筹集资金,保证了民航生产和建设资金的需要。但同时也应看到,民航在资金回收这一重要环节上远远落后于世界上先进的航空企业,我们不妨做     

Decisions, endings, and new beginnings

The Washington Watch column examines NASA shuttle developments, airline pilot age issues, development of a personnel recovery vehicle, and includes an obituary for retired Air Force General Bernard Schriever, remembered as an air and space pioneer. The discussion of NASA shuttle developments reports on the space shuttle flight schedule and NASA's ability to deliver hardware to the International Space Station, funding levels and equipment development schedules related to President Bush's mandate to visit Mars, a report on the space program by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and top-level management changes at NASA. The discussion of airline pilot age issues examines efforts to change mandatory retirement requirements. The discussion of personnel recovery vehicles reports on development of an aircraft designed to rescue survivors during combat search and rescue missions.     

Aging avionics: the problems and the challenges

Aging avionics have become a problem because aircraft are being kept in service far longer than the original plan. This paper discusses the four key problems of aging avionics: (1) determining the systems that are the high cost drivers in order to select those that should receive priority; (2) determining the requirements for the replacement; (3) identifying alternative technologies that will satisfy the requirements and are affordable; and (4) determining the funding required and acquiring the funding needed to replace the aging avionics. Challenges encountered in solving these problems include management and technical. The problem of aging avionics is not limited to a single aircraft, but occurs across all aircraft. Cost-effective modernization requires cutting horizontally across all aging aircraft, and coordination with the end users and the existing management structure. A key technical challenge is to select an architecture that is upgradeable since the funding limitations may ensure parts will become obsolete prior to the completion of a drawn-out production.     

The International Space Station: a question of federal funding andpolicy implications

A summary form is given of the author's full paper (ibid. vol. 33, p. 7, 1998). The ISS program is a huge investment by the U.S. government. It is estimated by NASA that the program will cost the American public more than $70 billion over a period of 30 years. Since the scientific impact of this program is relatively unknown (and uncertain), the question that policy makers will have to struggle with is whether the federal government should continue to fund the program, or to pull out from the program altogether, thus saving American taxpayers close to $30 billion. Although funding is a major concern, since the inclusion of Russia in the program, the ISS has also become a foreign policy tool. Therefore, additional questions about policy implications of the ISS program need to be addressed     

Challenges of education in engineering

The article discussed the present challenges of engineering education and the role it plays in the society. It tackled some important issues in engineering education including the decreasing interest of American High School graduates in engineering program and solution to this problem by promoting engineering education via the Internet.     

我国制造企业实施PDM的几点建议

PDM在提高企业的信息管理水平及产品开发效率等方面起着重要作用。通过对我国制造企业管理现状的分析和研究,从企业的软件配置方案、PDM实施途径以及项目实施团队的建立等方面对我国制造企业实施PDM提出了几点建议。     

美国NASA的适航气动研究及启示

飞机适航管理是以民用航空器为对象的强制性、法规性和技术性飞行安全管理。简述美、欧等世界航空大国飞机适航管理及适航规章;研究美国NASA在飞机适航领域开展的气动研究工作;探讨我国国家空气动力试验机构服务于适航工作的途径。     

NASA风洞试验设备运行与管理研究

风洞试验设备是一个国家航空航天事业发展的基础设施,对国家的航空航天事业、武器装备研制以及国民经济的发展发挥着非常重要的作用。美国国家航空航天管理局（NASA）拥有世界上规模最大的风洞群,在风洞设备的建造、运行和管理方面积累了丰富的经验。作者根据美国对风洞试验设备的战略需求、试验能力需求等多种需求状况,对NASA风洞试验设备的现状进行了综合研究,重点对NASA风洞试验设备的综合状况、技术竞争力以及在资金日益削减情况下对风洞试验设备的管理进行了分析。在此基础上,对NASA在风洞试验设备的需求、规划、建造、技术竞争力、运行与管理等方面进行了经验总结,为我国风洞试验设备的规划、建造、运行与管理提供参考和借鉴。     

Capillary flow rate limitation in asymmetry open channel

This paper focuses on the stability of capillary forced flow.In space,open capillary channels are widely used as the liquid and gas separation devices to manage liquid positioning and transportation.Surface collapse happens when the flow rate exceeds the critical value,leading to a failure of propellant management.Knowledge of flow rate limitation is of great significance in design and optimization of propellant management devices(PMDs).However,the capillary flow rate limitation in an asymmetry channel has not been studied yet in the literature.In this paper,by introducing an equivalent angle to convert the asymmetry corner to a symmetry one,the one-dimensional theoretical model is developed.The flow rate limitation can then be investigated as a function of the channel geometry as well as liquid property based on the model.Comparisons between the asymmetry and symmetry channels bring forth the characteristics of the two kinds of channels,and demonstrate good accordance between the new advanced model and the existing one in the literature.This theoretical model can provide valuable reference for PMD designers.     

河南省实施创新驱动战略的问题与对策

河南省在人才素质、产业基础、资金投入、知识存量等创新资源方面存在不足，原因在于科研教育资源少、产业结构与创新资金投入体制不合理、知识创新激励机制不完善。提出了立足产业结构优化汇聚创新资源，依托三大载体，优化区域创新体系来实现创新驱动的战略框架，因此需要推进体制创新和基础平台创新、人才管理创新等。     

The Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) Education and Outreach (E/PO) Program

The STEREO mission’s Education and Outreach (E/PO) program began early enough its team benefited from many lessons learned as NASA’s E/PO profession matured. Originally made up of discrete programs, by launch the STEREO E/PO program had developed into a quality suite containing all the program elements now considered standard: education workshops, teacher/student guides, national and international collaboration, etc. The benefit of bringing so many unique programs together is the resulting diverse portfolio, with scientists, E/PO professionals, and their education partners all of whom can focus on excellent smaller programs. The drawback is a less cohesive program nearly impossible to evaluate in its entirety with the given funding. When individual components were evaluated, we found our programs mostly made positive impact. In this paper, we elaborate on the programs, hoping that others will effectively use or improve upon them. When possible, we indicate the programs’ effects on their target audiences.