CGF系统中多级智能决策实现方法

对于计算机生成兵力系统中上级指挥员决策模型的建模采用了一种基于似然比的方法;而对于下级指挥员的决策模型的建模采用了一种基于模糊逻辑的方法.基于似然比的方法能够有效完成信息融合,从而给出合理的决策结论.基于模糊逻辑的方法所得到的决策输出充分考虑到了指挥员个人的性格、经验以及战场的具体环境,并且这些决策输出将作为上级指挥员决策模型的信息来源.这些方法在计算机生成兵力系统舰艇兵力设计中的应用表明它们能够有效的完成多级智能决策模型的建模.      

Improving science return using orbit navigation analysis based on non-imaging science data and the GGS visualization tool

Planetary spacecraft orbital position and instrument pointing knowledge can be incomplete and/or inaccurate due to many operational factors. The degree of error has at times resulted in many hours of re-analysis by the science teams. NASA's Geometry and Graphics Software (GGS), an analysis tool being developed at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado at Boulder, provides the scientist with a standardized method to adjust the look direction knowledge based on the best fit to the science instrument data. The GGS tool locates the instrument boresight based on telemetered spacecraft knowledge and then adjusts that pointing knowledge based on the science analysis of the data obtained from the observation. This technique is similar to the C-Smithing technique (Wang, et al. 1988) which adjusts pointing knowledge based on body placement within an imaging instrument frame. The corrected geometry knowledge, in the SPICE kernel format, is then available for distribution to all mission science teams and for archiving. An example based on the Galileo Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) data from the Earth 1 encounter will be presented.     

Parallel,adaptive, multi-object trajectory integrator for space simulation applications

Computer simulation is a very helpful approach for improving results from space born experiments. Initial-value problems (IVPs) can be applied for modeling dynamics of different objects – artificial Earth satellites, charged particles in magnetic and electric fields, charged or non-charged dust particles, space debris. An ordinary differential equations systems (ODESs) integrator based on applying different order embedded Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg methods is developed. These methods enable evaluation of the local error. Instead of step-size control based on local error evaluation, an optimal integration method is selected. Integration while meeting the required local error proceeds with constant-sized steps. This optimal scheme selection reduces the amount of calculation needed for solving the IVPs. In addition, for an implementation on a multi core processor and parallelization based on threads application, we describe how to solve multiple systems of IVPs efficiently in parallel.     

面向可靠性预计的软件运行时行为模型构造方法

运行时行为模型构造是面向可靠性预计的软件运行时模型构造的组成部分，为软件可靠性预计提供运行时组件与组件之间的动态交互关系和状态之间的转移概率信息。基于Java开发平台提出了一种基于非侵入式监控的软件运行时行为模型的构造方法，包括获得当前时刻的运行时体系结构模型；根据运行时体系结构模型确定监控对象；声明监控方法中的代理Bean；声明监控方法中的监控Bean，实现对组件动态调用信息的提取；声明代理Bean和监控Bean的接口；基于模型构造算法实现对运行时行为模型的构造等步骤。基于Rainbow-znn软件进行了实例应用，验证了所提方法的可行性。      

An approach to multi-temporal MODIS image analysis using image classification and segmentation

This paper discusses an approach for river mapping and flood evaluation based on multi-temporal time series analysis of satellite images utilizing pixel spectral information for image classification and region-based segmentation for extracting water-covered regions. Analysis of MODIS satellite images is applied in three stages: before flood, during flood and after flood. Water regions are extracted from the MODIS images using image classification (based on spectral information) and image segmentation (based on spatial information). Multi-temporal MODIS images from “normal” (non-flood) and flood time-periods are processed in two steps. In the first step, image classifiers such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) separate the image pixels into water and non-water groups based on their spectral features. The classified image is then segmented using spatial features of the water pixels to remove the misclassified water. From the results obtained, we evaluate the performance of the method and conclude that the use of image classification (SVM and ANN) and region-based image segmentation is an accurate and reliable approach for the extraction of water-covered regions.     

基于简单WENO-间断Galerkin的Euler方程自适应计算

为了得到Euler方程的高精度、高分辨率数值解,介绍了间断Galerkin方法、三角形单元上简单WENO限制器的基本原理以及基于自适应网格加密的激波捕捉方法。将简单WENO限制器-间断Galerkin方法应用到曲边四边形单元上,通过单元边界上高斯积分点的坐标来搜索相邻单元从而得到相邻单元的单元编号,实现了基于“问题单元”的局部网格加密自适应计算。对若干典型问题进行编程计算,结果表明,简单WENO限制器可以应用到曲边四边形单元上,且可适用于局部网格加密时具有“悬挂节点”的非结构网格上的激波捕捉。      

EHA反馈线性化最优滑模面双模糊滑模控制

为提高电静液作动器（EHA）控制性能,提出了一种反馈线性化最优滑模面的双模糊滑模控制方法。该方法在EHA的非线性模型上,利用反馈线性化方法将其线性化,在此基础上建立线性切换函数,并采用最优控制理论对切换函数进行设计。为削弱抖振将模糊控制算法引入滑模控制中,采用一个模糊控制器,根据最优滑模函数运动特性的数值对切换控制增益进行估计;采用另一个模糊控制器,根据滑模控制原理对切换控制项进行调整。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。      

GNSS radio tomography of the ionosphere: The problem with essentially incomplete data

We discuss the specific features of the spatiotemporal radio tomography of ionospheric electron density based on the data from high orbiting global navigational satellite system (GNSS). The main peculiarities are four-dimensionality of the problem and essential incompleteness of input data. The approach suggested for the solution of this problem is based on the search for the solution with minimal Sobolev’s norm (the most smooth solution), which provides, in particular, smooth extension of the solution to the area where no input data is available. Methods and algorithms for the solution of the problem are developed, and the resolution of the proposed technique is estimated. Examples of global and regional radio tomographic imaging based on GNSS data are presented. The obtained results are compared with the data of ionosondes and with the results of radio tomography based on the radio transmissions from low-orbiting satellites.     

Evaluation of global modeling of M(3000)F2 and hmF2 based on alternative empirical orthogonal function expansions

Global modeling of M(3000)F2 and hmF2 based on three alternative EOF (empirical orthogonal function) expansion methods is described briefly. Data used for the model construction is the monthly median hourly values of M(3000)F2 from the ionosonde/digisonde stations distributed around the world for the period of 1975–1985 and the hmF2 data of the same period converted from the measured M(3000)F2 based on the strong anti-correlation existing between them. Independent data of a low (1965) and a high (1970) solar activity year are used to validate the three alternative models based on different EOF expansion methods. Comparisons between the modeled results and observed data for both the low (1965) and high (1970) solar activity years showed good agreement for both M(3000)F2 and hmF2 parameters. Statistical analysis on the differences between model values and observed data showed that all the three alternative models (Model A, B and C) based on the different EOF expansion methods have better agreement with the observed data than the models currently used in IRI. All three alternative EOF based models have almost the same accuracy. Discussion on the preference of the three alternative EOF based models is given.     

基于多特征融合的电磁换向阀故障模式识别

为提高基于驱动端电流检测的电磁换向阀故障诊断方法的可靠性和识别准确度,开展了电磁换向阀故障模式识别方法研究。提出一种基于多特征融合的方法对电流信号时频分析和时域参数的特征值提取融合;通过设计电磁换向阀驱动端电流信号的采集实验,获取电磁换向阀驱动端电流的时域信号和二阶变化率的多特征曲线,提取时域参数及二阶变化率相应频带能量作为特征值,构建多特征融合的特征向量;采用基于径向基核函数的多分类支持向量机对电磁换向阀进行模式识别。结果表明：基于多特征融合的支持向量机较基于能量特征值的支持向量机可提升8.7%的识别精度和42.11%的验证准确率。     

对技术引进和经济规模有效性的分析

采用数据包络分析法（ＤａｔａＥｎｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓ，ＤＥＡ法）对技术引进有效性及经济规模有效进行评价，其参数选择原则为绝对数系列，以轴承行业５０家企业的数据，对同一时间点的现有生产配置条件下的企业经济规模有效性进行横向评价，以某厂８年数据对不同时间点企业技术引进的后期效果进行技术引进有效性纵向评价。     

The fundamental physics explorer: An ESA technology reference study

ESA technology reference studies are used as a process to identify key technologies and technical challenges of potential future missions not yet in the science programme. This paper reports on the study of the Fundamental Physics Explorer (FPE), a re-usable platform targeted to small missions testing fundamental laws of physics in space. The study addresses three specific areas of interest: special and general relativity tests based on atomic clocks, experiments on the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP), and studies of Bose–Einstein condensates under microgravity conditions. Starting from preliminary science objectives and payload requirements, three reference missions in the small/medium class range are discussed, based on a re-adaptation of the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft. A 700/3600 km elliptic orbit has been selected to conduct clock tests of special and general relativity, a 700 km circular orbit to perform experiments on the Weak Equivalence Principle and to study Bose–Einstein condensates, each mission being based on a three-axis stabilised spacecraft. It was determined that adaptation of LISA Pathfinder would be required in order to meet the demands of the FPE missions. Moreover it was established that specific payload and spacecraft technology development would be required to realise such a programme.     

Response of the Earth’s lower ionosphere to the Ground Level Enhancement event of December 13, 2006

In this study we analyze the Ground Level Enhancement Event No 70 observed on December 13, 2006, by correlating the observations from two research topics: Cosmic rays and Very Low Frequency (VLF < 30 kHz) wave propagation, as two ground based techniques for the detection of solar proton events, and their impact on the lower ionosphere. The observations have been endorsed from recordings of worldwide network ground based Neutron Monitors as well as by satellite data from the satellites GOES 12 (www.swpc.noaa.gov) and Pamela (www.pamela.roma2infn.it).     

Effects of mineral nutrition conditions on heat tolerance of chufa (Сyperus esculentus L.) plant communities to super optimal air temperatures in the BTLSS

The use of mineralized human wastes as a basis for nutrient solutions will increase the degree of material closure of bio-technical human life support systems. As stress tolerance of plants is determined, among other factors, by the conditions under which they have been grown before exposure to a stressor, the purpose of the study is to investigate the level of tolerance of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) plant communities grown in solutions based on mineralized human wastes to a damaging air temperature, 45 °C. Experiments were performed with 30-day-old chufa plant communities grown hydroponically, on expanded clay aggregate, under artificial light, at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR and at a temperature of 25 °C. Plants were grown in Knop’s solution and solutions based on human wastes mineralized according to Yu.A. Kudenko’s method, which contained nitrogen either as ammonium and urea or as nitrates. The heat shock treatment lasted 20 h at 690 and 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR. Chufa heat tolerance was evaluated based on parameters of CO₂ gas exchange, the state of its photosynthetic apparatus (PSA), and intensity of peroxidation of leaf lipids. Chufa plants grown in the solutions based on mineralized human wastes that contained ammonium and urea had lower heat tolerance than plants grown in standard mineral solutions. Heat tolerance of the plants grown in the solutions based on mineralized human wastes that mainly contained nitrate nitrogen was insignificantly different from the heat tolerance of the plants grown in standard mineral solutions. A PAR intensity increase from 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ to 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ enhanced heat tolerance of chufa plant communities, irrespective of the conditions of mineral nutrition under which they had been grown.     

航空发动机研发能力建设项目后评价指标体系

针对航空发动机研发能力建设项目的具体特点并基于一个两阶段的过程,建立了一套航空发动机研发能力建设项目后评价指标体系.通过对一般项目后评价指标体系的分析以及专家访谈建立一个初选的后评价指标体系;在此基础上,以指标精炼性、数据可获得性和实践可行性为原则,对初选指标进行优选.优选过程中,采用基于李克特量表的专家调查法获得专家评分,随后通过群组决策最大特征根法对初选指标体系进行初步筛选,并进一步根据统计学方法进行评价指标相关性分析筛选和评价指标鉴别能力筛选,从而确定最终指标.     

Exploration and analysis of the factors influencing GNSS PWV for nowcasting applications

Precipitable water vapor (PWV) can be assimilated into a numerical weather model (NWM) to improve the prediction accuracy of numerical weather prediction. In this study, taking GNSS data for the Beijing Fangshan station (BJFS) as an example, based on the method of Pearson correlation coefficient combined with quantitative analysis, GNSS datasets are used to study the relationships between GNSS-derived PWV (GNSS PWV__Met) and its influencing factors, including the internal influencing factors zenith troposphere delay (ZTD), zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD), zenith wet delay (ZWD), and surface temperature (T_s), and the external influencing factor haze (mainly PM_2.5). Firstly, based on the strong correlation between PWV__Met and ZTD hourly sequences from the International GNSS Service Network’s BJFS station for DOYS 182–212, 2015, the results of experiment prove that the reliability of GNSS ZTD is used to forecast PWV_Met in short-term forecasting. Secondly, based on hourly data of BJFS in 2016, the correlation between PWV__Met and ZTD, ZWD, ZHD, pressure (P) and T_s is analyzed, and then, with the rate of ZTD variation as the main factor, ZTD variation as auxiliary factor, the prediction success rate is 88.24% from hourly data of precipitation event for DOYs 183–213 in Beijing. The experiment indicates that ZTD can help forecast short-term precipitation. Thirdly, based on data from three hazy periods with relatively stable weather conditions, no heavy rainfall, and relatively continuous data in the past three years, the correlation between GNSS PWV_Met/ZTD and PM_2.5 hourly series is analyzed. The results of the experiments suggests that GNSS ZTD should be considered to assist in haze monitoring. So in the absence of radiosonde stations and meteorological elements, ZTDs on retrieval of GNSS stations have more application value in short-term forecast.     

基于双量子比特态测量的量子自适应中值滤波

为了进一步增强去噪时对图像细节的保护能力,并同时提高算法实时性,提出了基于双量子比特态测量的量子自适应中值滤波算法,该算法首先将待处理图像像素转化为量子叠加态,然后依据量子测量原理对此叠加态进行量子测量,最后将测量后的坍缩态转化为输出图像.该算法使用双量子比特态来描述单像素,拓展了单量子比特态与单像素的对应关系.双量子比特态的4个叠加基态增加了被描述像素的信息量,可以更精确地对像素进行操作.该算法根据噪声特点设计双量子比特态的概率密度公式,并根据测量坍缩态自适应地调整滤波窗口尺寸.实验证明,该算法与标准中值滤波和经典自适应中值滤波相比,具有更好的综合滤波能力,既可以有效地滤除噪声点,很好地保护图像细节,又具有很好的实时性.     

基于图像拼接的微小零件视觉检测方法

针对毫米级微小尺寸零件的高准确度检测问题,提出了一种基于图像拼接技术的视觉检测方法,即利用亚像素微小位移结合相位相关的自动拼接方法。以两幅图像的拼接为例,这种方法首先对第一幅图像利用三次样条插值,进行亚像素微小位移;然后用处理后的第一幅图像与第二幅图像进行相位相关处理,计算两者的相关功率谱函数分布图;再根据分布图中功率谱最大值求出两幅图像的亚像素配准关系;最后根据配准关系把两幅图像拼接起来。实验表明,使用这种拼接方法,准确度可达到亚象素级,并具有抗噪声、易实现自动化等特点。     

Thermosphere density and wind measurements in the equatorial region using a constellation of drag balance nanospacecraft

A mission for in situ thermosphere density and winds measurement is described, based on nanospacecraft equipped with a drag balance instrument (DBI) and a GPS receiver. The mission is based on nanosatellite clusters deployed in three orbital planes. In this study, clusters of 10 nanospacecraft are considered, leading to a mission based on a total of 30 nanospacecraft. The geometry analyzed is a symmetrical one, including an equatorial orbit and two orbits with the same inclination and opposing ascending nodes. The main idea is that, by combining the accurate information on the satellite inertial position and velocity provided by the GPS receiver and the drag acceleration intensity provided by the DBI, due to the orbits’ geometrical configuration, both atmospheric drag and wind can be resolved in a region close to the orbit nodes. Exploiting the Earth oblateness effect, a complete scan of the equatorial regions can be accomplished in the short mission lifetime typical of very low Earth orbit satellites, even in high solar activity peaks, when the expected nanospacecraft lifetime is about 40 days.