喷丸残余应力及夹杂影响小裂纹仿真概率模型

提出考虑喷丸残余应力及内部夹杂影响的随机内部小裂纹形核扩展概率模型，实现构件内部疲劳裂纹萌生过程的仿真。针对高温合金X，在开展试验的数据基础上，识别模型所需的残余应力分布参数、“形核相关”夹杂尺寸分布参数、微观结构相关塑性本构参数及小裂纹形核扩展参数。模型成功预测喷丸等直棒两种主要的形核方式：残余拉应力平衡层夹杂形核及无残余应力区夹杂形核。与试验对比，模型预测内部裂纹萌生寿命及其分散精度高，残余拉应力平衡层预测萌生寿命中值误差为2%，-3σ寿命误差为37%，无残余应力区预测萌生寿命中值误差为3%，-3σ寿命误差为3%；此外，模型仿真的内部裂纹形貌为“鱼眼形”，贴合试验件断口形貌。     

激光喷丸对7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的影响

以7075铝合金试样的搅拌摩擦焊接头为对象,利用激光喷丸和常规喷丸工艺对其进行后续处理,通过试验对比分析了激光喷丸工艺对表面粗糙度、显微硬度、接头残余应力、裂纹扩展、疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,经激光喷丸处理的搅拌摩擦焊接头的表面粗糙度远小于常规喷丸处理的接头表面,而对接头显微硬度的影响差异不大。激光喷丸可改变接头的残余应力分布,是增强搅拌摩擦焊接头抗疲劳性的有效方法,对其他焊接接头及构件的激光喷丸处理具有一定的参考价值。     

喷丸强化7475-T7351铝合金的小裂纹行为和寿命预测

对7475-T7351铝合金进行了喷丸强化和未喷丸(机械加工后抛光)单边缺口拉伸(SENT)试样的小裂纹扩展行为试验研究,利用权函数法(WFM)和叠加原理分析计算了三维表面小裂纹在外加载荷和残余应力场联合作用下的应力强度因子(SIF),并将其加入到基于裂纹闭合的小裂纹扩展分析程序FASTRAN3.9中,采用该程序预测了均布外载荷σmax=160MPa、R=0.06下,喷丸强化和未喷丸SENT试样自然萌生裂纹扩展的a-N曲线。研究发现喷丸强化残余压应力对疲劳小裂纹扩展速率的降低是疲劳寿命延长最主要的原因,采用基于裂纹闭合的小裂纹扩展分析方法能够较好地定量描述喷丸强化的疲劳延寿作用。     

考虑应力比的疲劳裂纹扩展概率模型

考虑到应力比对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响及裂纹扩展的分散性,在Paris公式基础上,提出了一种考虑应力比的疲劳裂纹扩展概率模型;运用非线性函数线性化原理给出概率模型参数的求解方法;通过该概率模型和曲面,可从宏观上把握应力比对裂纹扩展的影响规律及得到任意应力比下的概率疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线;对30CrMnSiNi2A钢试验数据的处理及分析验证了该模型的有效性和实用性.      

考虑应力比及温度影响的粉末高温合金短裂纹扩展模型研究

短裂纹扩展已成为先进粉末涡轮盘疲劳寿命预测的关键，为了准确模拟粉末高温合金材料短裂纹扩展阶段，针对FGH96粉末高温合金，重点关注应力比、温度对短裂纹扩展的影响规律，建立了一种工程适用的、基于Tanaka模型修正的短裂纹扩展寿命预测方法。模型采用裂纹闭合参数表征应力比影响、采用热力学理论表征温度影响，实现了不同应力比、温度条件下短裂纹扩展规律的统一描述，相比于传统模型在预测精度、工程适用性方面具有显著优势，与试验结果的相对误差小于20%。     

喷丸强化和金相组织

喷丸强化能较大幅度地提高零件的高、低温疲劳性能,提高抗应力腐蚀性能及影响裂纹扩展速度,提高零件表面的硬度等。由于对喷丸强化后的金相组织影响和对强化层的金相检验这方面资料报道较少,所以就我们试验的情况作一个小结,谬误之处,请批评指正。关于喷丸强化机理,目前是有分歧意见和     

基于小裂纹断裂力学的冷端盘燕尾槽疲劳全寿命预测技术研究

本文通过对航空发动机冷端盘燕尾槽子构件及其材料钛合金ＴＣ１１ 的小裂纹扩展行为和疲劳的试验研究,燕尾槽子构件小裂纹的应力强度因子权函数解的分析研究,并利用塑性诱导的Ｎｅｗ ｍ ａｎ 裂纹闭合模型,建立起从裂纹开始萌生的燕尾槽槽底疲劳全寿命预测模型。结果表明,该模型预测子构件的疲劳寿命的误差在工程所允许的二倍寿命以内     

飞机谱载荷下裂纹扩展的三维约束效应

研究裂纹端部三维应力约束、塑性约束和位移约束等对谱载疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。用适于三维应力状态的修正条带屈服模型 ( Modified Strip Yield Model)计算与裂纹扩展有关的三维约束因子。利用所得约束因子的理论解改进 NASA多年来发展的 FASTRAN-II寿命预测软件 ,使其避免了依赖经验确定的约束因子进行寿命预测的局限 ,仅利用一组常幅疲劳裂纹扩展数据和材料的常规机械性能便可预测飞机谱载下的裂纹扩展寿命。对多种谱型、应力水平、过载比和材料的组合情况进行了分析 ,预测寿命与试验结果吻合很好 ,证明本文方法和改进软件可以用于实际结构的寿命预测。     

金属加筋壁板疲劳裂纹扩展研究

进行了铝合金工字型长桁加筋壁板的疲劳裂纹扩展分析与试验研究。利用线弹性断裂力学和有限元法计算工字型长桁加筋壁板的应力强度因子,以NASGRO软件中的裂纹扩展率方程及考虑载荷交互作用的广义Willenborg模型为基础,利用循环接循环进行裂纹扩展计算寿命,并与试验数据相比较。结果表明,预测的寿命与试验结果吻合较好。     

表面处理对钛合金微动磨损疲劳性能的影响

本文介绍了利用高频疲劳试验机配以一定的附件，测定ＴＣ３钛合金常规疲劳及微动磨损疲劳（简称微动疲劳）的Ｓ－Ｎ曲线。对该合金进行激光、等离子喷镀和喷丸试样的微动疲劳性能显著改善。利用ＴＥＭ及Ｘ光衍射法分析了喷丸试样表层位错密度及残余应力的变化。用错位偶极子及小裂纹的概念分析了微动疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展机理，从而解释了表面处理对微动疲劳的影响机制。     

单边缺口拉伸试样喷丸强化残余应力及其三维应力强度因子分析

采用有限元计算软件ABAQUS/Explicit建立40Cr钢单边缺口拉伸(SENT)试样喷丸强化的三维有限元模型,分析各喷丸参数与强化后残余应力场的关系。用三维裂纹权函数法求解了三维表面裂纹在喷丸残余应力场下的应力强度因子,并分析各喷丸参数对残余压缩应力强度因子K_res的影响。计算结果表明:当裂纹尺寸较小时,表面残余压缩应力越大,残余压缩应力强度因子绝对值-K_res越大;随着裂纹尺寸的增加,残余压应力层越深,-K_res最大值的发生位置也越深;当裂纹达到一定尺寸时,-K_res受残余压应力场深度变化规律的影响,即残余压应力场的深度越大,-K_res越大。     

A unifying approach in simulating the shot peening process using a 3D random representative volume finite element model

Using a modified 3D random representative volume (RV) finite element model,the effects of model dimensions (impact region and interval between impact and representative regions),model shapes (rectangular,square,and circular),and peening-induced thermal softening on resultant critical quantities (residual stress,Almen intensity,coverage,and arc height) after shot peening are systematically examined.A new quantity,i.e.,the interval between impact and representative regions,is introduced and its optimal value is first determined to eliminate any boundary effect on shot peening results.Then,model dimensions are respectively assessed for all model shapes to reflect the actual shot peening process,based on which shape-independent critical shot peening quantities are obtained.Further,it is found that thermal softening of the target material due to shot peening leads to variances of the surface residual stress and arc height,demonstrating the necessity of considering the thermal effect in a constitutive material model of shot peeing.Our study clarifies some of the finite element modeling aspects and lays the ground for accurate modeling of the SP process.     

Comparative study between crack closure model and Willenborg model for fatigue prediction under overload effects

A comparative study is performed between a crack closure model and the Willenborg model, which can calculate the fatigue crack growth rate under the overload effects. The modified virtual crack annealing (VCA) model is briefly reviewed, which is based on the equivalent plastic zone concept. In this method, the retardation phenomenon is explained by the crack closure level variation, which is derived from the interactions between forward and reverse plastic zones ahead of the crack tip. As a comparison, the Forman equation in conjunction with the Willenborg model is also reviewed. The retardation phenomenon is described by directly modifying the stress intensity factor. It is known that the large plastic zone created by the overload can decelerate the fatigue crack growth rate until the crack grows beyond this region. A relationship between the plastic zone and the modified stress intensity factor is developed, which is a mathematical fitting equation instead of physical-based formulation. The experimental data in aluminum alloys are used to val-idate these two models. Overall, good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the testing data. It is noted that the approach based on modified VCA model can give more accurate prediction curves than the Willenborg model.     

34CrNiM06钢复合喷丸强化的有限元模拟

为了研究复合喷丸的工艺效果,利用ABAQUS有限元仿真软件进行模拟分析,建立了34CrNiMo6钢随机多弹丸的周期性三维有限元模型.首先对所提出的周期性有限元模型进行周期性验证和试验验证,然后利用周期性有限元模型对复合喷丸的强化效果、不同喷丸强度对残余应力场的影响进行分析.结果表明:该周期性三维有限元模型可有效模拟喷丸强化效果;复合喷丸强化使34CrNiMo6钢表面产生的残余应力和最大残余应力均高于单一喷丸产生的,且表面残余应力分布更加均匀,但最大残余应力所处深度不变;复合喷丸可得到更小的表面粗糙度.     

喷丸强化残余应力场三维数值仿真分析

建立了喷丸强化三维有限元模型,实现了喷丸强化处理残余应力场的数值仿真。根据显式动力分析各种能量变化过程,确定了显式分析求解时间选择方法;研究了喷丸速度、弹丸直径、入射角度及摩擦力等因素对喷丸残余应力场影响的一般规律,并与现有相关文献试验结论进行对比;分析了单次和多次冲击下材料内部的残余应力场分布及塑性应变分布特点;建立了不同数目的多丸粒喷丸强化三维有限元模型,研究不同覆盖率对残余应力场分布的影响规律。数值分析结果表明,喷丸速度、弹丸大小、入射角度对残余应力场分布有显著影响。冲击次数对残余应力幅值影响小,但等效塑性应变增加明显。喷丸覆盖率的增加会显著改变残余应力场,并使残余应力场分布更加均匀,但残余压应力幅值与喷丸覆盖率没有必然相关性。     

A Lamb wave quantification model for inclined cracks with experimental validation

This paper investigates the influence of crack orientation on damage quantification using Lamb wave in plate structures. Finite element simulation is performed to acquire Lamb wave signal responses for different configurations of crack orientations and crack lengths. Two Lamb wave features, namely the normalized amplitude and the phase change, are used as damage sensitive features to develop a crack size quantification model. A hypothesis based on the geometrical influence on signal features is proposed, and the crack size quantification model incorporating the orientation angle is established using the hypothesis. An index of Probability of Reliable Quantification (PRQ) is proposed to evaluate the performance of the model. The index can be used to determine the sizing risk in terms of probabilities. A realistic aluminum plate is used to obtain the experimental data using piezoelectric (PZT) wafer-type sensors around a center through crack. The experimental data are used to validate the overall method. Results indicate that the proposed model can yield reliable results for size quantification of inclined cracks.     

一次预过载对铝合金喷丸前后缺口疲劳强度的影响

预过载拉伸可提高铝合金缺口疲劳寿命,但效果不及喷丸;过载量太大还使寿寿命趋于子下降。预过载压缩降低缺口疲劳寿命;喷丸后经过载压缩,寿命降低幅度更大,均与缺口残余应力及亚结构变化有关。     

GLALL层板疲劳裂纹扩展特性分析

对玻璃纤维/铝合金混杂复合层板GLALL的疲劳裂纹扩展特性进行了有限元分析, 应用能量法得到了GLALL板铝合金层裂纹尖端的应力强度因子随裂纹长度的变化规律。由于高强度玻璃纤维对铝合金层裂纹的桥接作用, 降低了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子, 因而使得裂纹的疲劳扩展速率也大为降低, 且随裂纹长度的增加基本不变化。计算结果与实验符合很好。