Non-radial pulsation models of the H-alpha profile in BW vulpeculae

The profile of the Hydrogen alpha spectral line in the largeamplitude Beta Cephei star BW Vulpeculae was modeled in terms of a linear, non-radially moving, and rotating stellar atmosphere. The pulsation and rotation parameters were derived from fitting the radial velocity amplitude, and the best fit was obtained for =2, m=-2, ¿=90°, rotation velocity=120 km/sec, and pulsation amplitude=27 km/sec. When the line profiles are compared to this model, the fit is quite encouraging for most phases, but several discrepancies remain. At the time of writing, it is not clear whether these can be made to disappear by increasing the sophistication of the model, or whether a completely different physical model (e.g. radial) is necessary.     

CFD calculations on the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a tilt-rotor in a conversion mode

In order to calculate the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a tilt-rotor in a conversion mode, a virtual blade model(VBM) and an real blade model(RBM) are established respectively. A new multi-layer moving-embedded grid technique is proposed to reduce the numerical dissipation of the tilt-rotor wake in a conversion mode. In this method, a grid system generated abound the rotor accounts for rigid blade motions, and a new searching scheme named adaptive inverse map(AIM) is established to search corresponding donor elements in the present movingembedded grid system to translate information among the different computational zones. A dual-time method is employed to fulfill unsteady calculations on the flowfield of the tilt-rotor,and a second-order centered difference scheme considering artificial viscosity is used to calculate the flux. In order to improve the computing efficiency, the single program multiple data(SPMD)model parallel acceleration technology is adopted, according to the characteristic of the current grid system. The lift and drag coefficients of an NACA0012 airfoil, the dynamic pressure distributions below a typical rotor plane, and the sectional pressure distributions on a three-bladed Branum–Tung tilt-rotor in hover flight are calculated respectively, and the present VBM and RBM are validated by comparing the calculated results with available experimental data. Then, unsteady aerodynamic forces and flowfields of an XV-15 tilt-rotor in different modes, such as a fixed conversion mode at different tilt angles(15°, 30°, 60°) and a whole conversion mode which converses from 0° to90°, are numerically simulated by the VBM and RBM respectively. By analyses and comparisons on the simulated results of unsteady aerodynamic forces of the tilt-rotor in different modes, some meaningful conclusions about distorted blade-tip vortex distribution and unsteady aerodynamic force variation in a conversion mode are obtained, and these investigation results could provide a good foundation for tilt-rotor aircraft design in the future.     

Estimation of mode onset for reverse jet reattachment to the engine nacelle in a flow

A calculation method is proposed for estimating the mode, when the thrust reverser jet starts reattaching to the engine nacelle in the presence of an approaching flow.     

倾转三旋翼无人机过渡模式纵向姿态控制

对倾转三旋翼无人机过渡模式下定高转换的纵向姿态控制进行了研究,为提高纵向操纵效能、解决操纵冗余问题,设计了模态转换中的操纵控制方案;采用牛顿-欧拉法对飞机进行动力学建模分析,建立了纵向动力学模型并给出了过渡转换路径;通过操纵效能分析对两种操纵机制进行分配,给出了操纵分配的权重和控制律.仿真和实验样机飞行试验地面站数据分析结果表明,按照所设计的操纵分配方案和控制律对飞机过渡模式进行纵向控制,能够使飞机保持平稳过渡.     

数据加密中OFB-DES算法模式的研究

随着计算机技术和通信技术的发展，对数据传输的要求越来越高，而数据的保密和安全是十分必要的。文中设计的OFB算法操作模式是DES加密标准通用的四种模式之一。其中主要介绍了OFB算法操作模式加密与解密的原理及操作过程。利用LFSR寄存器产生MI，将MI进行DES运算后与明文相异或产生密文，解密为其逆过程。为了加强密码的安全性，本文采用了64位OFB的模型，在没有错误扩散的基础上，更适合数字化音频或视频的加密。     

Characteristics of the telescope Gamma-1 in the coded aperture mode

The efficiency of using the coded aperture on the Gamma-1 telescope to solve a variety of astrophysical problems has been considered. The coded aperture technique is shown to be at a disadvantage in relation to the conventional one so far as discriminating a source from the background is concerned. However, for powerful sources the coded aperture technique has an advantage from the viewpoint of accuracy of source location on the celestial sphere, the resolution of closely spaced sources and the determination of the sizes of sources.     

Investigation of dual ignition for a detonation-driven shock tunnel in forward driving mode

A detonation-driven shock tunnel is useful as a ground test facility for hypersonic flow research.The forward detonation driving mode is usually used to achieve high-enthalpy flows due to its strong driving capability.Unfortunately,the strong detonation wave front results in diaphragm fragments that disturb the test flow and scratch the nozzle or test models.In this study,a dual ignition system was developed to burst a metal diaphragm without fragmentation in the forward driving mode.A series of experiments were conducted to validate the proposed technique.The influences of the delay time setting on the test conditions were investigated in detail.Numerical simulations were also conducted to obtain a better understanding of the wave processes in the shock tube.The results showed that the dual ignition system solved the diaphragm issues in the forward driving mode.The test time was shortened due to the additional ignition close to the primary diaphragm;the smaller the delay time,the shorter the effective test time.However,a small amount of time loss is considered worthwhile because the severe diaphragm problems have been solved.     

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic interaction for a tilt rotor aircraft in helicopter mode

A rotor CFD solver is developed for simulating the aerodynamic interaction phenomenon among rotor, wing and fuselage of a tilt rotor aircraft in its helicopter mode. The unsteady Navier–Stokes equations are discretized in inertial frame and embedded grid system is adopted for describing the relative motion among blades and nacelle/wing/fuselage. A combination of multi-layer embedded grid and ‘‘extended hole fringe" technique is complemented in original grid system to tackle grid assembly difficulties arising from the narrow space among different aerodynamic components, and to improve the interpolation precision by decreasing the cell volume discrepancy among different grid blocks. An overall donor cell searching and automatic hole cutting technique is used for grid assembly, and the solution processes are speeded up by introduction of Open MP parallel method. Based on this solver, flow fields and aerodynamics of a tilt rotor aircraft in hover are simulated with several rotor collective angles, and the corresponding states of an isolated rotor and rotor/wing/fuselage model are also computed to obtain reference solution.Aerodynamic interference influences among the rotor and wing/fuselage/nacelle are analyzed,and some meaningful conclusions are drawn.     

Large-eddy simulation and linear acoustic modeling of entropy mode oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection

Lean-burn combustor is particularly susceptible to combustion instability and the unsteady heat release is usually considered as the excitation of the self-maintained thermo-acoustic oscillations. The transverse coolant injection is widely used to reduce the temperature of burnt gas, but on the other hand, it will introduce temperature fluctuation inside the combustor. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the coolant injection on combustion instability, and evaluate its dynamic feature. In this paper, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the self-excited pressure oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection is carried out. The analysis of transient flow characteristics and the identification of the pressure modes confirm that one of the low frequency pressure oscillations is related to entropy fluctuations, which is known as rumble combustion instability. The LES results show that transient coolant injection is another excitation of temperature fluctuation other than unsteady combustion. The amplitude of the entropy mode oscillation increases with increasing coolant air mass whereas the change of its frequency is insignificant. According to the major feature of entropy wave oscillation caused by coolant injection, a compact coolant injection model is proposed and applied in the One Dimensional (1D) Acoustic Network Method (ANM). Key correlations used in the model match well with LES data in low frequency range. This means that the coolant injection model is a complex one reflecting the interaction of the fluctuating coolant mass, pressure and temperature. Finally, the combustion instability frequencies and modes predicted by acoustic network method are also in good agreement with LES results.     

Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system and integral sliding mode backstepping control for the hose whipping phenomenon

Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system（HDARS） and an integral sliding mode backstepping controller design for the hose whipping phenomenon（HWP） during probe-drogue coupling are studied. Firstly, a dynamic model of the variable-length hose-drogue assembly is built for the sake of exploiting suppression methods for the whipping phenomenon.Based on the lumped parameter method, the hose is modeled by a series of variable-length links connected with frictionless joints. A set of iterative equations of the hose＇s three-dimensional motion is derived subject to hose reeling in/out, tanker motion, gravity, and aerodynamic loads accounting for the effects of steady wind, atmospheric turbulence, and tanker wake. Secondly,relying on a permanent magnet synchronous motor and high-precision position sensors, a new active control strategy for the HWP on the basis of the relative position between the tanker and the receiver is proposed. Considering the strict-feedback configuration of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, a rotor position control law based on the backstepping method is designed to insure global stability. An integral of the rotor position error and an exponential sliding mode reaching law of the current errors are applied to enhance control accuracy and robustness. Finally,the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and control laws.     

On the fundamental acoustic mode in variable area,low Mach number nozzles

We consider the propagation of sound in nozzles of substantially varying cross-section, taking into account reflections from the tapering walls and non-uniform convection by the axially accelerated or decelerated mean flow. Exact solutions of the acoustic equations are obtained for the simplest case of the fundamental longitudinal mode in quasi-one-dimensional, low Mach number nozzle flow. The effects of non-uniform mean flow on sound are demonstrated by comparing horns with nozzles, and 15 properties (stated in italics and labelled P1, P2 ... P15 in the text) are proved and discussed, viz. concerning (1) relations between acoustic pressure and velocity; (2) equipartition or biasing of kinetic and compression energies; (3) conservation or evolution of wave action; (4) existence of elementary or special solutions and (5) cut-off frequencies, and amplitude and phase laws. We conclude with a simple formula for the approximate calculation of the acoustic fields; the formula can be made more accurate by using a correction factor for amplitude and phase, which is plotted against area ratio for propagation upstream or downstream in diffusers and convergent nozzles.     

侧喷流对导弹尾流场影响的数值研究

基于PISO算法,通过求解三维N-S方程,对导弹飞行过程中超声速自由来流、侧喷流及主发动机尾流进行了一体化仿真研究.得出了清晰的流场分布图,分析了侧喷流对外流场及尾流场的影响,比较了飞行速度与侧喷口位置对侧喷流作用效果的影响.结果显示:侧喷口的分布位置是决定侧喷流对尾流场影响大小的主导因素;侧喷流对尾流场的影响,随导弹...     

解析国泰公司乘务员语言交流能力的任务型培养模式

空乘人员的语言交流能力是优质服务的保障。遵循任务型教学"在做中学"的理念,让学员参与到实际的乘务服务任务之中,有助于提高参与度和针对性,这恰好克服了大学英语任务型教学中存在的缺陷。本文对香港国泰公司的乘务员语言交流能力的培训模式进行解析,以期为航空公司和民航类专业院校的语言培训课程提供借鉴意义。     

Providing the maximum cycle work as a promising direction in development of gas turbine plants

We consider a possibility of providing the equality of the maximum simple cycle work without energy losses caused by irreversibility of compression and expansion processes and the work of a complex cycle obtained from the simple cycle by introducing the intermediate heating under condition of the equality of effective efficiencies of the simple and complex cycles and an increase of the efficiency of the compression and expansion processes in prospect.     

燃料特性对燃气轮机燃烧室火焰辐射影响分析

采用数值方法研究了燃气轮机燃烧室燃料特性对火焰辐射换热的影响.在燃烧室确定油气比和进气温度时,取不同燃料特性对燃烧室的火焰辐射换热进行模拟计算.模拟结果表明:燃料物理特性影响燃油的雾化质量和蒸发效率,影响主燃区燃烧效率,引起燃气温度及分布改变;影响主燃区碳黑粒子的生成及浓度分布,引起燃气发光辐射对火焰筒壁辐射热流的变化,导致火焰筒壁温变化;燃油物理特性和H含量引起的燃气温度变化影响NO生成,主要受物理特性引起的燃烧效率的影响,H含量的影响相对较小.     

Fuzzy logic rule as a method for making a design decision in rocketry development

The paper provides a method for multi-criteria selection of the optimal structural layout option based on a fuzzy logic inference that allows for uncertainties in engineering and operates with heterogeneous information of the qualitative and quantitative nature for the systems being designed.     

Optimal friction control on a circular cylinder taking into account the reverse effect of the boundary layer

We analyze the effect of injection both of uniformly distributed over the entire cylinder surface and of the optimal one on the velocity distribution at the outer border of the boundary layer and, as a result, on friction.     

Impact of the thermal effect on the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair for an aviation axial-piston pump

A thermal hydraulic model based on the lumped parameter method is presented to analyze the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair in an aviation axial-piston pump under specified operating conditions. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the thermal hydraulic model. The results illustrate that the squeezing force and thermal wedge bearing force are the main factors that affect the film thickness and load-carrying capacity. At high oil temperature and high load pressure, the film thickness decreases with increasing clamping force due to a combined action of the squeezing bearing force and the thermal wedge bearing force, but the load-carrying capacity will increase. An increase of the film thickness is proven to be beneficial under high shaft rotational speed but especially dangerous as it strongly increases the ripple amplitude of the film thickness, which leads to decreasing the load-carrying capacity. The structural parameters of the slipper can be optimized to achieve desired performance, such as the slipper radius ratio and orifice length diameter ratio. To satisfy the requirement of the load-carrying capacity, the slipper radius ratio should be selected from 1.4 to 1.8, and the orifice length diameter ratio should be selected from 4 to 5.