激光测振仪直流增益和直流偏移的测量不确定度

介绍了用最小二乘法评价外差式激光测振仪信号处理电路直流增益和直流偏移指标时,测量结果的不确定度分析和评定过程.讨论了影响直流增益测量不确定度的几个主要误差来源,包括信号源误差、被校仪器响应误差、被校仪器直流增益、标准仪器测量误差的影响等等.给出了减小直流增益测量不确定度的主要措施:①环境控制措施,以减少环境带来的不确定度;②选取高精度信号,以减少信号源误差带来的不确定度;③选取高精度标准测量仪器,以减少测量误差带来的不确定度.通过一个实例,给出了激光测振仪信号处理电路直流增益和直流偏移指标不确定度分析和评定结果.该过程及结论可应用在相应参数的计量校准中.     

Multi-h CPM遥测信号的定时频率联合估计技术

针对Multi-h CPM（Multi-h Continue Phase Modulation,多指数连续相位调制）遥测接收机的符号定时和载波频率同步问题,在分析MLSD（Maximum-likelihood Sequence Detection,最大似然序列检测）度量值是符号定时偏差和频率偏差的凸函数的基础上,提出一种基于迟/早门和升/降频门的符号定时和频率同步联合估计算法,通过似然值比较,对符号定时偏差和频率偏差进行迭代估计;并对该算法进行仿真,得到不同参数下的同步性能,给出同步参数选择建议.仿真结果表明：将该算法应用到Multi-h CPM遥测系统中,可实现低信噪比信号的快捕和高精度同步.     

适用于BOC(m,n)信号的无模糊捕获技术

针对二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制信号自相关多峰特性引起的信号捕获模糊性问题,提出了一种子相关相乘边峰消除技术(CMSCT)。根据BOC子相关函数的特性,通过将不同子相关函数相乘获得边峰消除能力,并且为了充分利用接收信号,进一步提高捕获性能,提出了相应的优化算法。分析对比了提出算法的实现复杂度和基于恒虚警率准则的峰值发现概率,对Galileo E1C中频采样信号的处理结果表明:提出的边峰消除方法有效解决了捕获模糊性问题。     

端基直线法测量直流增益和直流偏移的不确定度

介绍了用端基直线法评价线性测量系统直流增益和直流偏移指标时,测量结果的不确定度,包含了测量结果的不确定度分析和评价过程.讨论了影响评价结果不确定度的几个主要误差来源,包括信号源误差、被校系统测量误差、被校系统量化误差的影响等等,给出了端基直流增益和直流偏移测量结果的不确定度.在一个实际评价例子上,给出了直流增益和直流偏移指标不确定度分析和评价结果;不确定度验证表明了该过程的正确性和切实可行性.该过程及结论可应用在对于计量标准进行直流增益和直流偏移指标的不确定度分析上.     

Hard Limiter Performance as a Polarity Detector for Extremely Polluted Signals

A hard limiter is a simple, yet highly efficient, RF signal sensor for VLF and LF navigation receivers. The observation reliability is used as the single quality criterion for the hard limiter if applied as a singlebit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The effects of noise (Gaussian and atmospheric), nonsynchronous and synchronous interference, and dc offset on the observation reliability are described extensively. The single parameter determination Pobs is adequate for characterizing the polarity detector. This facilitates rank ordering of influences disturbing the signal and is a useful tool in optimizing digital tracking loops. The ?built-in? noise-censoring properties of the hard limiter in the presence of atmospheric noise are excellent. Therefore, three different atmospheric noise models are used in the determination of the observation reliability Pobs. Some ways for coping with other disturbances that potentially threaten the good performance of the hard limiter are suggested.     

BOC信号的相关跟踪研究及GALILEO接收机设计初探

Galileo卫星导航系统是欧盟组织研发的新一代完全面向民用的卫星导航系统,使用了BOC(二进制副载波)这一独特的调制方式,研究BOC信号的相关峰特性,对设计接收机捕获跟踪通道是至关重要的。本文简要介绍了Galileo系统导航信号的特征和频率规划,对多种BOC信号的自相关性能、码跟踪方法进行了仿真,并探讨了接收机开发中的关键问题。     

歼击机结构故障的检测与自修复控制律重构

 针对鲁棒动态逆控制的飞机,提出一种有效的故障检测新方法及自修复控制律重构方法。设计了一种基于理想模型的非线性故障检测器,通过监测残差信号,能够可靠地对各类故障进行辨识,并利用补偿信号来抵消故障舵面产生的影响,可以满足自修复飞行控制的实时性要求。     

Delay Generated Offset: A Direction Sensitive Pulse-Coherent Doppler Detection Technique

An offset-frequency (heterodyne) direction sensitive coherentpulsed Doppler detection method requiring a single digitally synthesized phase-shiftable oscillator and a single mixer is described. Less stringent demands are imposed on hardware in obtaining offset-frequency stability and rejection of internally generated electrical clutter, as compared with the conventional offset method employing two oscillators. Simplification of hardware and postdetector signal processing as compared with the quadrature method (two parallel homodyne detectors) is anticipated. This technique has direct application in medical ultrasonics and is generally applicable to sonar and radar systems.     

Phase Monopulse Error Due to Nonuniform Noise Background

A phase monopulse antenna system can be used for the high accuracy tracking of active or passive objects in space or on earth. Far-field noise sources that are present in the background of the object being tracked will introduce an offset or bias error in the determination of the angle of incidence of the coherent sinusoidal wave received from the source. The dependency of this bias error upon the nonuniformity of the noise background or equivalently upon the asymmetry of the antenna patterns about the direction to the signal being tracked is determined. Although the variance in the measurement of the sinusoidal source direction can be reduced by increasing the post detection integration time, it is shown that the bias or offset error is unaffected by this change. In order to decrease the offset or bias error the predetection bandwidth must be reduced.     

Theory and experiments on hard-limited SAR imaging

Known results in the area of hard-limited array theory are extended and generalized for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications in order to obtain a significant reduction of the required transmission channel bandwidth. The results provide a theoretical basis for subsequent numerical experiments related to the SIR-B mission. The SAR signal is hard-limited (at the offset frequency, after the heterodyne process) and filtered, and the restored signal is processed in the conventional way to obtain the image of the pertinent scene. Results of this experiment may be useful in assessing image degradation due to 1-b coding     

Vertical Path Guidance Computer

A low-cost airborne computer which provides a multiangular glide path for the landing problem is independent of ILS or GCA methods. A barometric altitude signal is divided by slant-range information from a DME interrogator. The resulting ground-based angle is subtracted from the selected approach angle to provide the displayed departure from the glide path. Angular and lineal outputs are available. DME station position may be electrically offset to serve all airdrome runways. Theoretical and experimental results are presented     

Antenna array beam steering using time-varying weights

The author presents a new technique of steering an array antenna by introducing time-varying phase weights. It is shown that the technique is equivalent to placing a linear phase and linear frequency offset across the array when transmitting a linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveform. The technique reduces array dispersion and increases the operating bandwidth. An element level signal generator is presented as a possible way of implementing the time-varying weights. A possible array implementation is also shown.<>     

一种模拟视频信号亮度对比度校准方法

本文针对模拟视频信号长距离传输后信号衰减和偏移的问题,提出一种软件自动校准的方法。通过分析源端发送的校准图样,调整视频AD芯片的增益和偏移参数,达到最佳的亮度和对比度校准效果。     

一种用NURBS表示的过渡曲面的生成方法

讨论在两参数曲面上生成显式定义的参数过渡曲面问题。提出了一种围绕两曲面的交线,采用参数化平面与曲面之一的等距面求交,寻找两曲面的等距点,以产生变半径过渡曲面的方法;过渡曲面本身为2次×3次NURBS曲面,充分利用了NURBS曲线可精确表示圆弧曲线的特点,并使得可用统一的算法对过渡曲面进行各种处理。     

基于比例归一化LMS算法次级通道模型辨识

将主动噪声控制技术应用于地铁通风隧道的噪声控制上，其应用效果在很大程度上取决于信号处理的实时性。在保证控制算法收敛的基础上，要求算法收敛速度尽可能快，以确保对声波变化的准确跟踪，据此产生匹配的振幅相等、相位相反的次级声信号，进而对噪声进行控制。利用比例思想对LMS算法进行改进，为小系数配上小的步长因子，为大系数配上较大的步长因子。最后，将其应用在地铁通风隧道的次级声通道模型的辨识上，并与常用的LMS算法在收敛速度、稳态失调性能上做出比较。数值分析结果表明，采用改进后的LMS算法能够有效地加快算法收敛，改善算法的稳态失调性能。     

高稳定接触电阻监测电路的分析与研究

本文对一种稳定性较高的接触电阻监测电路的组成、工作过程及各元件的作甩作了详细说明。提出用高精度低漂移集成运算放大器OP-07组成同相放大器,作为监测电路的缓冲放大器;计算了相对误差和输入、输出电阻值。还对Kelvin连接的原理作定性分析。从实验验证运算放大器的偏置电流和失调电流在输入端外接电阻上所产生的电压,是影响测量稳定性的主要因素。适当减小输入端外接电阻可有效抑制输出信号的漂移。     

MSK and Offset QPSK Modulation with Bandlimiting Filters

It is considered by some that minimum shift keying (MSK) is spectrally more efficient than quaternary phase-shift keying/offset quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK/OQPSK). An analytical method is presented here for determining the detection efficiencies of MSK and QPSK/OQPSK when the constant-envelope signal is passed through a set of filters and when the resulting signal is corrupted by Gaussian noise. The detection efficiency of MSK is compared with that of QPSK/OQPSK when a four-pole Butterworth filter is used as a transmit filter and for two different receive filter functions. When the two-sided 3-dB bandwidth of the transmit filter is between approximately 1.00/T and 1.50/T, it is shown that the detection efficiency of MSK is not substantially different from that of QPSK/OQPSK. For more severe bandlimiting of the signal, the performance of MSK is shown to be inferior to that of QPSK/OQPSK. It is, therefore, concluded that MSK does not have significantly better detection efficiency when the effect of bandlimiting filters is taken into account.     

一种主字母体制安控指令检测采样优化方法

针对工程实现中主字母体制安控系统的指令实时检测性能受采样方案影响较大的问题,通过对单音信号频率、检测采样频率和采样点数的合理选择,提出了一种指令检测的采样优化实现方案。仿真实验结果表明,通过对采样方案的优化,在固定多普勒频偏和可变多普勒频偏情况下,可以最低采样点数实现指令可靠检测,便于利用FPGA实现实时处理。     

新一代数据采集器模拟量采集插件设计技术

数据采集器是飞行试验关键的测试设备,它的性能与现代飞机飞行试验有很大的关系.为满足现代飞机设计定型的需求,新一代数据采集器设计大量采用了FPGA和DSP器件,大大提高了采集器测量参数的采样率、通道数、测量参数类型和使用的灵活性.本文介绍的新一代采集器模拟量采集卡设计技术,用数字信号处理技术来实现信号的放大、滤波及偏置修正,并提供了对采集卡各个部分进行设计的理论依据.     

多维大偏差刚性对接研究及机构设计

 针对野外崎岖地形、太空站舱内等复杂狭窄操作环境中的刚性对接问题,构造了一种刚性对接位姿偏差评估指数,建立了目前常见对接导引方式的几何约束模型,并采用偏差评估指数就对接导引方式的约束效果进行了衡量和比较,提出逐级消除位姿偏差的基本对接方法。在此基础上设计了用于多维大偏差刚性对接的少自由度混联刚性对接机构,就对接过程中各阶段位姿偏差的变化情况进行分析,并给出刚性对接机构的具体设计参数、最大对接位姿允差和与之相对应偏差评估指数。最后,搭建了JL-2多维大偏差刚性对接机构样机平台,并进行了相关实验,实验结果与理论计算值基本相符,证明该设计方案可有效满足多维大偏差情况下的刚性对接要求。