现场校准试验用便携式γ射线照射装置研制

固定式环境γ辐射剂量率监测仪表是承担环境连续监测任务的主要设备,这类仪表通常不便于拆卸和安装,而且送检周期较长（一周左右）,影响了连续监测点数据的连续性。为了固定式仪表的按期校准,结合蒙卡方法研制了便携式γ射线照射装置,利用PTW剂量计对辐射场进行标定,最后利用便携式照射装置对固定式环境γ辐射剂量率监测仪表进行现场校准实验。     

利用便携式X光机开展现场校准工作的可行性研究CSCD

固定式X、γ辐射剂量率仪是承担核设施周围及内部连续监测任务的主要设备,这类仪表通常不便于拆卸送往计量实验室进行校准检定,而且送检周期较长(一周左右),影响了连续监测点数据的连续性。为了固定式仪表的按期校准,利用实验的方法研究了利用便携式X光机开展固定式X、γ辐射剂量率仪现场校准工作的可行性。研究结果表明管电压在80k V-200k V范围内的窄谱系列过滤X射线能够用于开展现场校准工作。     

利用便携式X光机开展现场校准工作的可行性研究

固定式X、γ辐射剂量率仪是承担核设施周围及内部连续监测任务的主要设备,这类仪表通常不便于拆卸送往计量实验室进行校准检定,而且送检周期较长(一周左右),影响了连续监测点数据的连续性。为了固定式仪表的按期校准,利用实验的方法研究了利用便携式X光机开展固定式X、γ辐射剂量率仪现场校准工作的可行性。研究结果表明管电压在80k V-200k V范围内的窄谱系列过滤X射线能够用于开展现场校准工作。     

强γ射线参考辐射场散射影响研究

采用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP对强γ射线参考辐射场的散射特性进行了模拟,确立了辐射场实验空间内的剂量率和能谱分布。通过多种角度对屏蔽墙散射和在束散射体散射进行了细致的分析,为校准实验室钴源辐射场的实验应用和屏蔽设计提供参考。     

环境核辐射监测仪表剂量测量比对

为检验和促进提高校准能力及操作人员技术能力水平，确保监测数据的可靠性，开展了环境核辐射监测仪表的测量比对工作。本次比对主要针对环境级剂量率仪、探测下限覆盖环境范围的防护级剂量率仪和γ射线空气比释动能次级标准剂量仪。比对参数涉及空气比释动能和周围剂量当量。此次比对覆盖了广泛配备的环境核辐射监测仪表，对此类仪表的X射线响应、γ射线响应和宇宙射线响应等技术性能进行测量比对，分别采用E_n值及相对误差对比对结果进行分析评价。由比对结果可知，目前校准实验室所使用的次级标准剂量仪的|E_n|<1,全部符合要求，大部分环境核辐射监测仪表满足S-Cs各点指标要求，但是X射线响应较差，部分监测仪表不能满足能量响应变化极限不超过±30%的要求，建议仪表使用单位在首检时对其能量响应进行检定。     

数字和模拟正弦机校准装置的研制

数字和模拟正弦机是检验随动系统性能指标的专用测试设备。介绍了数字和模拟正弦机校准装置的研制过程。该装置是一套便携式校准装置,可以对数字和模拟两种原理不同的正弦机进行现场校准。     

热流现场校准装置研制及不确定度分析

为满足辐射热流测量系统的现场校准需求，基于高功率半导体激光热源发生技术，研制热流现场校准装置，介绍了热流现场校准装置的组成以及装置各组成部件的设计参数，通过光学分析软件对热流源进行光路设计，通过分析现场校准装置的各不确定度分量及计算合成的扩展不确定度，该装置实现扩展不确定度为2.7%,能够满足热流现场校准需求。     

陀螺寻北仪现场校准方法研究

针对现有车载陀螺寻北仪无法现场校准的问题,借鉴陀螺寻北仪实验室校准原理,以及使用的测量标准装置,提出用传递比较测量实现陀螺寻北仪现场校准的新方法。该方法以高精度陀螺经纬仪为传递标准,在外场对平行光管和平面镜进行引北赋值,使其作为陀螺寻北仪现场校准装置的方位角标准,进而对车载陀螺寻北仪进行校准。经实践证明,该方法准确、可行,可供陀螺寻北仪外场测试参考。     

组织等效参考人体模设计与研究

为了开展人体对电离辐射吸收剂量研究,利用3D打印技术研制了组织等效参考人体模。对体模材料的有效原子序数及单位质量电子密度进行了计算,利用实验验证了密度、元素组成比及质量衰减系数等参数,并基于蒙特卡罗方法模拟得到体模材料的质量衰减系数,将上述参数与标准值进行比对。验证结果表明体模制作材料具有针对~(60)Coγ射线的组织等效性。在~(60)Coγ辐射场中开展了器官吸收剂量实验,利用指型电离室测量了体模组织器官中的吸收剂量。基于MCNP软件获得部分修正因子及各器官材料与空气质能吸收系数之比,得到各器官吸收剂量值,为放射治疗质量保证工作提供参考。     

凝胶推进剂粘度计现场校准装置研究

通过对液体火箭发动机凝胶推进剂粘度计开展现场校准装置的研究，论述了基于振动法的凝胶模拟液加载装置的结构设计和安装方式，重点阐述了液体火箭发动机凝胶推进剂在线粘度计现场校准的工艺流程，通过测试试验获得了凝胶推进剂的压力/温度——粘度的流变数据及规律，并确定了现场校准测量装置的测量不确定度。     

Analytical-HZETRN model for rapid assessment of active magnetic radiation shielding

The use of active radiation shielding designs has the potential to reduce the radiation exposure received by astronauts on deep-space missions at a significantly lower mass penalty than designs utilizing only passive shielding. Unfortunately, the determination of the radiation exposure inside these shielded environments often involves lengthy and computationally intensive Monte Carlo analysis. In order to evaluate the large trade space of design parameters associated with a magnetic radiation shield design, an analytical model was developed for the determination of flux inside a solenoid magnetic field due to the Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR) radiation environment. This analytical model was then coupled with NASA’s radiation transport code, HZETRN, to account for the effects of passive/structural shielding mass. The resulting model can rapidly obtain results for a given configuration and can therefore be used to analyze an entire trade space of potential variables in less time than is required for even a single Monte Carlo run. Analyzing this trade space for a solenoid magnetic shield design indicates that active shield bending powers greater than ∼15 Tm and passive/structural shielding thicknesses greater than 40 g/cm² have a limited impact on reducing dose equivalent values. Also, it is shown that higher magnetic field strengths are more effective than thicker magnetic fields at reducing dose equivalent.     

随机多导体传输线电磁辐射的统计分析

针对含随机参数的互连线缆电磁辐射计算问题，提出了一种基于混沌多项式展开和偶极子近似法的多导体传输线电磁辐射统计分析方法。利用正交多项式的性质对随机多导体传输线方程进行展开，结合边界条件求解得到传输线沿线电流，利用偶极子近似法和镜像法计算传输线电流引起的总辐射。仿真结果验证了所提方法的准确性，与传统的蒙特卡罗方法相比，计算效率得到大幅度提高。所提方法对于预测系统内含随机参数的线缆辐射场，评估线缆电磁辐射和检验系统性能指标，有一定的参考价值。      

航天员受银河宇宙线辐射的剂量计算

在近地空间(LEO)和深空探测中,航天员遭受的辐射风险主要来自于银河宇宙线(GCR)照射.银河宇宙线的辐射剂量是航天员辐射风险评价的基础.国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)于2013年提出了新的航天员空间辐射剂量估算方法,以更准确给出空间重离子辐射的剂量.基于此方法,开发了宇宙线粒子在物质中输运的蒙特卡罗程序,并在程序中实现用中国成年男性人体数字模型来仿真航天员.采用该程序计算了粒子(Z=1~92)各向同性照射航天员时器官的通量-器官剂量转换因数,并估算出航天员在近地轨道空间受银河宇宙线辐射的剂量.     

载人深空探测磁场主动辐射防护技术研究

基于单粒子轨道理论和蒙特卡洛方法建立了一种磁场主动屏蔽防护分析方法,针对理想磁场构型分析了屏蔽磁场强度、厚度和结构对屏蔽效果的影响。研究结果表明：屏蔽效率随磁刚度BL增大且当磁刚度BL一定时,增加磁场强度B比增加磁场厚度L更有效;对于有限长屏蔽磁场构型,端盖区需加强防护;桶状区与端盖区采用直线型屏蔽磁场的构型防护效果最好,能够对典型银河宇宙线能谱屏蔽90%的高能粒子。     

PHITS simulations of the Matroshka experiment

The radiation environment in space is very different from the one encountered on Earth. In addition to the sparsely ionizing radiation, there are particles of different Z with energies ranging from keV up to hundreds of GeV which can cause severe damage to both electronics and humans. It is therefore important to understand the interactions of these highly ionizing particles with different materials such as the hull of space vehicles, human organs and electronics. We have used the Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport code System (PHITS), which is a three-dimensional Monte Carlo code able to calculate interactions and transport of particles and heavy ions with energies up to 100 GeV/nucleon in most matter. PHITS is developed and maintained by a collaboration between RIST (Research Organization for Information Science & Technology), JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency), KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), Japan and Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. For the purpose of examining the applicability of PHITS to the shielding design we have simulated the ESA facility Matroshka (MTR) designed and lead by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Preliminary results are presented and discussed in this paper.     

The power spectra as a probe of some physical features of X-ray binaries

We have simulated, using a Monte Carlo method, intensity time series representing the time behaviour of some high mass X ray binaries. Taking into account some physical models of the accretion processes, we have parametrized different physical conditions on the source. The resulting time series have been analysed by Fast Fourier Transform techniques. Using different sets of parameters we have been able to generate power spectra of different shapes. Some preliminary results of these simulations and a comparison with an observed spectrum of a galactic X ray binary are discussed.     

Relationships between neutron fluxes and rain flows

Registration of secondary cosmic ray neutrons is a convenient tool for investigation of primary cosmic ray variations and meteorological effects as well. At present a large network of neutron monitors exists, providing the studies of cosmic ray variations related to the interplanetary conditions and geomagnetic activity. At the same time cosmic ray variations may be caused by some atmospheric processes. In this connection, using the data from standard and lead-free neutron monitors, and gamma and muon detectors, we studied relations between rain flows and neutron, gamma and ionization component behavior. To explain observable results the calculations of neutron and gamma absorption and albedo neutron spectra have been performed on the basis of universal software package FLUKA-2006. In this study we used hourly data on the neutron flux, corrected for barometric pressure and data from local meteorological stations. It was shown that secondary neutron radiation, recorded by lead-free NM, and gamma radiation as well are strongly effected by meteorological factors. The neutron component behavior depends on the moisture content in the soil, and above its surface.     

A Novel Magnetic Configuration for Space Radiation Active Shielding

Space radiation has been identified as the main health hazard to crews involved in manned Mars missions. Active shielding is more effective than passive shielding to the very energetic particles from cosmic rays. Particle motion in a magnetic field is studied based on the single-particle theory and Monte Carlo method. By comparing the shielding efficiency of different magnetic field configurations, a novel active magnetic shielding configuration with lower mass cost and power consumption is proposed for manned Mars missions. The new magnetic configuration can shield 92.8% of protons and 84.4% of alpha particles with E < 4 GeV·n-1, when considering the passive shielding contribution of 10.0 g·cm-2 Al Shielding, the required magnetic stiffness can be reduced from 27 Tm to 16 Tm. The detailed analysis of mass cost and power consumption shows that active shielding will be a promising means to protect crews from space radiation exposure in manned Mars missions.