Quantization of PMT Signals for Meteorological Satellites

Quantization rules are examined for a satellite radiometer in the visual range. Effects of photomultiplier tube (PMT) noise on the detection of cloud brightness levels are of particular interest because the expected radiance levels are high. Effects of area integration are considered to improve the probability of detection at high radiance levels.     

应用于航空变频电源系统的新型串沥混合有源滤波器

 目前变频交流(AC)电源系统开始逐渐应用到新型多电飞机(MEA)中,传统有源滤波器无法满足宽输入频率变化要求,为此需要设计一种适合于宽变频航空电源系统的有源滤波器。本文研究了一种应用于航空变频电源系统的新型串联混合有源滤波器(SHAPF),该有源滤波器直接根据基波电流进行补偿,针对各种频率输入均能起到较好的抑制谐波作用。讨论了这种新型SHAPF的变频谐波抑制原理,给出了该滤波器的控制系统详细设计过程,包括基于双数字信号处理器（DSP）的控制平台设计和逐点动态检测基波电流的算法设计,最后进行了样机实验,对比了加入滤波器前后系统输入电流实验波形和谐波分析,加入滤波器后系统输入电流总谐波失真度（THD）由174.00%变化至4.80%,滤波效果良好;在360 Hz,400 Hz和720 Hz不同输入频率进行了滤波实验,验证系统在宽变频输入条件下均具有良好控制性能,满足航空变频输入时输入功率因数校正要求。     

固定翼双旋弹动力学分岔特性分析

针对一种滚转稳定的固定翼双旋弹,对其非线性动力学进行了分岔特性分析,并在此基础上研究了各系统参数对其动力学分岔特性的影响。根据固定翼双旋弹非对称的特点,通过数值计算方法研究其飞行过程中平衡点随同向鸭翼安装角的变化规律,通过系统的分岔图得知系统具有三组稳定平衡点,其中只有一组平衡点为理想可行的稳定平衡点,因此需限定同向鸭翼安装角的范围以使固定翼双旋弹保持稳定飞行。在此基础上针对固定翼双旋弹弹道修正组件周期旋转和转角固定两种工作模式,通过各系统参数下的系统分岔图总结了固定翼双旋弹结构及气动力参数对其动力学系统分岔特性的影响。仿真结果表明,固定翼双旋弹的各气动力参数及飞行速度均对系统的分岔特性具有较大影响,应合理选定这些系统参数以使其具有良好的气动特性。     

Cyclic code shift keying: a low probability of intercept communication technique

A low probability of intercept (LPI), or low probability of detection (LPD) communication technique known as cyclic code shift keying (CCSK) is described. We discuss the basic concepts of CCSK and describe a system based on the use of random or pseudorandom codes for biphase modulation. We use simulation to show that the bit error rate (BER) for CCSK can be closely estimated by using existing equations that apply to M-ary orthogonal signaling (MOS). Also, we show that significantly fewer computations are required for CCSK than for MOS when the number of bits per symbol is the same. We show that using biphase modulation results in waveforms that have a large time-bandwidth product and very low input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and thus inherently have an LPI by a radiometer. We evaluate detection by a radiometer and show that LPI can be achieved by using codes of lengths greater than about 2/sup 12/ (i.e., by transmitting more than about 12 bits per symbol). Results illustrate the effect that the CCSK symbol length and error probability, and the radiometer integration time and probability of false alarm (PFA), have on detection by a radiometer. We describe a variation of CCSK called truncated CCSK (TCCSK). In this system, the code of length 2/sup k/ is cyclically shifted, then truncated and transmitted. Although shortened, the truncated code still represents k bits of information, thus leading to an increased data rate. We evaluate radiometer detection of TCCSK and it is shown that the probability of detection is increased compared with the detection of CCSK.     

基于声震探测技术的靶场炸点坐标测量误差分析

针对靶场试验时需要精确确定弹丸落点（终点）坐标的问题,提出一种声震波联合定位方法,该方法具有监控范围大、不受自然条件影响、能发现未爆弹、性价比高、反应快等特点。该方法按照一定的阵形布设传感器,依据弹丸爆炸时产生的声波（或是未爆弹落地产生的震动波）到达各传感器的时间差,采用TDOA（TimeDifferenceofArrival,到达时间差）方法对弹丸落点坐标进行计算。具体阐述了TDOA方法的定位原理,并给出了整个测量系统的组成,简要叙述了整个测量系统的部署方案;采用GDOP（GeometricalDilutionofPrecision,几何稀释精度因子）方法分析了定位误差的主要影响因素,并对各种影响因素带来的误差量进行了详细分析与计算;最后采用本文设计的测量系统针对大口径火炮弹丸终点坐标的测量在靶场进行了试验,试验结果与理论分析的误差较一致,定位精度满足测量的要求。该方法满足靶场快速测量的要求。     

High-Precision Laboratory Measurements Supporting Retrieval of Water Vapor,Gaseous Ammonia,and Aqueous Ammonia Clouds with the Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR)

The NASA Juno mission includes a six-channel microwave radiometer system (MWR) operating in the 1.3–50 cm wavelength range in order to retrieve abundances of ammonia and water vapor from the microwave signature of Jupiter (see Janssen et al. 2016). In order to plan observations and accurately interpret data from such observations, over 6000 laboratory measurements of the microwave absorption properties of gaseous ammonia, water vapor, and aqueous ammonia solution have been conducted under simulated Jovian conditions using new laboratory systems capable of high-precision measurement under the extreme conditions of the deep atmosphere of Jupiter (up to 100 bars pressure and 505 K temperature). This is one of the most extensive laboratory measurement campaigns ever conducted in support of a microwave remote sensing instrument. New, more precise models for the microwave absorption from these constituents have and are being developed from these measurements. Application of these absorption properties to radiative transfer models for the six wavelengths involved will provide a valuable planning tool for observations, and will also make possible accurate retrievals of the abundance of these constituents during and after observations are conducted.     

亚毫米级弹丸光电探测技术

本文在片光遮挡式弹丸探测技术基础上发展了光电阵列探测亚毫米级弹丸技术,论述了光电阵列探测亚毫米弹丸的技术原理,详细介绍了光电阵列探测系统的探测光路和探测电路设计方案,研制了光电阵列探测系统的动态试验验证装置。在超高速碰撞靶上开展了动态验证试验,试验结果表明,采用光电阵列探测技术,大幅提高了弹丸信号的信噪比,能够可靠探测直径为0．6mm 的高速弹丸,通过分析表明该技术能可靠应用于直径为0．1mm高速弹丸的探测。     

高速自然超空泡射弹阻力特性试验研究

为了研究水下高速自然超空泡射弹的阻力特性,针对带有圆盘空化器的多锥体射弹模型,设计了多种结构参数的射弹模型,进行了高速射弹从空气射入水中形成超空泡的试验。通过对试验数据的分析和处理,得到了不同空化数、不同空化器直径以及不同射弹长细比对射弹阻力系数的影响。试验结果表明：在空化器直径和射弹长细比不变的情况下,随着空化数的增加,射弹阻力系数变化很小;在空化数和射弹长细比不变的情况下,随着空化器直径的增加,射弹阻力系数增大;在空化数和空化器直径不变的情况下,随着射弹长细比的增加,射弹阻力系数减小。试验结果为进一步研究高速超空泡射弹的水动力特性和水下弹道特性提供了参考。     

分子液环式角加速度测量演示系统研制

利用界面双电层和流动电流基本原理,设计并制作了一种新型的分子液环式角加速度计,可对角加速度进行直接测量.为了对该种新型的角加速度计进行功能演示,研制了其测量演示系统,可为角加速度计提供基准的角加速度输入,并实时处理和显示测量数据.实验结果表明:该种分子液环式角加速度计测量范围可达20000(°)/s2,测量精度≤1(°)/s2,带宽可达0.1Hz～120Hz,可应用于高精度、高动态的角加速度直接测量.其测量演示平台可以提供频率和幅值可控的角加速度输入,实现该种新型角加速度计功能演示.     

用于磁悬浮轴承的三电平PWM开关功放设计

三电平PWM开关功放是适用于磁悬浮轴承的新型放大器。本文简述了该放大器的工作原理,在此基础上设计了以FPGA为核心的功放电路。分别介绍了电路各部分组成,工作原理及设计中的注意事项。试验结果证明了此种功放在系统所需频率范围内具有良好的动态特性。     

High-velocity impact responses of 2618 aluminum plates for engine containment systems under combined actions of projectile form and oblique angle

Ballistic impact tests were carried out with examined projectiles of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy to investigate the impact response of the 2618 aluminum plates at a nominal velocity of 210 m/s. The influence of projectile forms and oblique angles on damage formation was particularly discussed by applying different loading conditions such as multiple projectile forms and oblique angles. Additionally, the numerical simulation method was employed to provide further insight into the characteristics of damage and target responses. The Johnson-Cook(J-C)constitutive model with revised failure parameters was used to support the simulations to assess target responses and characteristics of the damage created from different impact conditions. Results show that there is a significant transition in the deformation mode as changes of the projectile form are applied. Moreover, the cracks on the back of the 2618 aluminum alloy plates impacted by the solid plate projectile and the hollow blade projectile tend to locate at different positions, which are supposed to be influenced by local bending and stretching. The work in this paper may provide guidance for the design of fan blade containment systems.     

航空发动机振动环境谱统计归纳方法及振动试验台复现

为满足航空发动机及机载产品研制过程贴近使用环境的振动考核试验需求,需根据发动机实测振动数据给出振动考核试验所需的输入谱图。依据GJB/Z 126-99中给出的环境测量数据归纳方法,建立了发动机实测振动环境谱统计归纳方法并通过程序实现。利用发动机多架次实测试飞振动数据统计归纳得到发动机测点位置的振动实测谱。基于能量等效及信号频域特征分布一致原则,将归纳得到的实测谱转化为可用于振动台输入的振动环境谱,并在振动台上进行了振动信号的复现试验。结果表明：振动台输出信号与发动机实测振动信号频域分布特征一致,在统计频率带宽范围内振动总量最大相差5.7%,证明了转化方法是合理的,为航空发动机机载设备贴近使用环境的振动考核试验方法提供了真实的输入谱图。     

声激发控制边界层转捩实验研究

本文对声激发控制边界层转捩问题在低湍流风洞中进行了实验研究。展向一排九只小发声器装在表面带小孔的平板模型内。用液晶膜技术显示边界层状态,根据表面热膜信号确定强迫边界层转捩所需输入发声器的最小功率(转捩阈值)。实验结果表明:边界层转捩位置可以用内声激发扰动控制。能迫使层流边界层转捩的声扰动频率范围远比模型试验的Tollmien-Schlichting波频率范围宽。转捩阈值出现最小值的有利输入频率与发声器本身的频率特性有关。应用低脉冲比的声扰动对控制边界层转捩更为有效。多发声器之间的相互干扰对转捩阈值的影响大多数情况下是有利的,然而实验中也发现有声扰动相互抵消的不利情况。     

Bomb damage assessment using a dispensed sensor projectile

The problem of obtaining images of a target site after munition impact is approached by releasing a small projectile equipped with a camera from a dropped munition. A ballute is deployed from the sensor projectile shortly after release from the munition. This type of system is capable of viewing munition impact and subsequent target effects over a wide variety of conditions and offers the possibility of real-time battle damage assessment (BDA). However, fundamental limits exist on the duration that the camera is able to view the target after impact for a particular required separation distance between the sensor projectile and the target at impact and the field of regard (FOR) of the camera. Munition release altitude and velocity significantly affect these fundamental limits. Optimal performance is attained under high altitude and low speed munition drop conditions. Basic characteristics of the camera projectile also significantly influence system performance. Maximum target view time is attained with a low weight high drag configuration., To reduce the maximum acceleration experienced by the sensor projectile, a small delay time between the release of the small sensor projectile from the munition and inflation of ballute is required.     

基于分布参数线性化模型的分级燃烧循环液体火箭发动机频率特性计算

采用一维分布参数模型描述发动机的管路系统,将发动机各部件和管路的线性化模型表示为联系输入输出参数的传输矩阵形式。根据发动机各部件的连接关系,将发动机系统划分为若干模块,用矩阵变换的方法求得发动机各模块的传输矩阵,构成发动机系统方程组。      

A Microwave Feedback Radiometer

Two versions of a microwave feedback radiometer have been built and tested. One used an electromechanical feedback system; the other, an all-electronic system. The response of the servo loops proved to be fast enough and linear enough for almost any radiometer application. The rms noise fluctuation was the same as that of a Dicke radiometer. Stability was excellent even under adverse environmental conditions.     

钢球对肥皂靶的撞击试验

为研究投射物对生物体的致伤效应,采用肥皂作为生物体模拟物,开展了Φ3．0mm 的钢球高速（0．96和1．88km/s）及超高速（3．52和4．98km/s）撞击肥皂靶的试验,获得了肥皂靶在钢球撞击下的损伤特征及其破坏规律。结果表明：高速试验条件下,钢球对肥皂靶的损伤主要表现为贯穿效果;超高速试验条件下,钢球撞击肥皂靶形成大尺寸半球形弹坑,其对肥皂靶的损伤表现为2个方面：一是大尺寸弹坑导致的“体积移除”,二是受超高速撞击的强烈冲击波影响,肥皂靶的破坏区域大于弹坑区域。     

Scanning Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar with Integrated Radiometer

Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar systems are severely constrained to a narrow swath by ambiguity limitations. Here a vertically scanned-beam synthetic aperture system (SCANSAR) is proposed as a solution to this problem. The potential length of synthetic aperture must be shared between beam positions, so the along-track resolution is poorer; a direct tradeoff exists between resolution and swath width. The length of the real aperture is independently traded against the number of scanning positions. Design curves and equations are presented for spaceborne SCANSARs for altitudes between 400 and 1400 km and inner angles of incidence between 20° and 40°. When the real antenna is approximately square, it may also be used for a microwave radiometer. The combined radiometer and synthetic-aperture (RADISAR) should be useful for those applications where the poorer resolution of the radiometer is useful for some purposes, but the finer resolution of the radar is needed for others.     

基于拉格朗日力学的伞-弹系统动力学模型

为了回避牛顿力学体系在多体动力学建模过程中存在的复杂约束力求解问题,以拉格朗日力学体系为基础,从分析力学的角度出发,建立了铅垂平面内降落伞-弹系统五自由度动力学模型。详细介绍了拉格朗日力学体系动力学建模过程,推导了铅垂平面内伞-弹系统动能公式,解决了伞-弹系统广义力求解问题,给出了伞-弹所受空气动力的广义力表示。算例将建立的伞-弹系统模型和牛顿力学体系下简化的伞-弹模型进行对比,两种模型计算结果吻合,验证了本文模型的正确性。降落伞-弹系统动力学模型验证了拉格朗日力学在常规飞行器动力学建模中的可行性,为使用ADAMS等基于拉格朗日力学思想建模的商业软件进行伞-弹系统动力学求解提供理论依据,可以用于指导伞-弹系统的分析和设计。     

GPS guidance system increases projectile accuracy

To meet the size/performance and cost-driven goals required for more advanced projectile and mortar applications, IEC focused its efforts on function consolidation, electronic signal protection, ultra-deep sensor integration, and processing stability. IEC's development has been in the utilization of silicon-based micro-machine technology for the inertial sensor, high levels of processor integration, and hardware function consolidation, making the guidance package inherently immune to the vibration and high G shock effects of the launch. In addition, the size and power are sufficiently reduced to fit the constraints of the fuse well. While a GPS “only”-based guidance system seemed an ideal solution for the lowest cost implementation of smart weapon guidance, the potential for signal jamming meant that a GPS “only” solution would not be able to guide the projectile to the target. To resolve this limitation, an anti-jam (AJ) capability had to be incorporated into the GPS receiver, and a miniature on-board inertial measurement unit (IMU) had to be part of the system. Initial laboratory tests have proven that the GPS/inertial guidance system, enhanced with a robust, low-cost AJ subsystem, performs consistently well under simulated battlefield conditions