电磁波频率和天线深度对水下环天线的影响

海水中的环天线是进行水下电磁通信的主要手段,研究其在空气中产生的场具有重要的实际意义。针对这个问题,建立了3层导电媒质(空气、海水、大地)条件下海水中环天线的辐射模型,得到了空气中电磁场的解析表达式。采用控制变量法,仿真分析了电磁波传播频率和发射天线深度对水下环天线在空气中产生的场的影响,为水下电磁通信的实际应用提供了依据。     

一种应用于低频电磁波通信的快响应原子磁强计

相较于传统线圈，原子磁强计作为低频电磁波通信信号磁传感接收器具有体积小、灵敏度高的优势。基于射频光双共振原理实现原子的宏观极化和相干进动，并通过探测磁矩横向分量来获得待测磁场信息,最终实现一台灵敏度500 fT/Hz1/2@1～5 Hz，响应带宽3.5 kHz的原子磁强计。并利用该原子磁强计作为磁传感器对频率200 Hz、磁场分量幅度10 nT的电磁波开展了通过探测磁场分量接收通信信号的实验，实现码率200 /s的电磁波通信信号的接收，验证了该磁强计作为接收机接收低频电磁波通信信号的能力。     

舰载机着舰减震新技术研究

 在航空母舰上引入降落区的概念，考虑航空母舰的运动模型，建立了舰载机在该降落区上降落时的简化分析模型；推导出了基于该分析模型的运动微分方程及相关参数的表达式，采用数值分析方法解出飞机垂直撞击舰面降落区这一过程的动态响应，给出机身载荷-时间历程曲线和舰面垂支反力-时间历程曲线等。与原模型分析结果相比，机身受载和舰面垂直反力峰值减小分别37.3％和37.2％，有效地减小了舰载机着舰的冲击载荷。     

小功率表贴式永磁同步电机径向电磁力波特性研究

采用解析法推导出表贴式永磁同步电机径向电磁波的解析表达式,在此基础上求取了径向电磁力波分量的幅值、阶次和频率。分析了径向气隙磁密谐波对径向电磁力波的影响,提出了运用3p阶气隙磁密谐波削弱二倍频径向电磁力波,进而降低电机振动噪声的方法。建立有限元仿真模型对所提出的方法进行验证,证明了所提方法的正确性。     

PIC检测器解析表达式的偏差修正

由于传统PIC(Parallel Interference Canceller,并行干扰消除)检测器性能分析公式存在偏差,导致与仿真结果有一定的差异,不能准确反映系统性能。在对传统PIC检测器性能表达式和推导过程存在的偏差进行分析的基础上,通过公式推导,得到更为精确的PIC检测器任一级的误码率性能解析表达式。通过数值计算,偏差修正后的解析表达式对误码率估计的准确度比修正前提高了1个数量级,与仿真结果更为接近,并且干扰消除的级数越多效果越好。研究结果表明,修正后的PIC解析表达式是有效的。     

电磁波在磁化等离子体中传输机理研究

通过联立电磁波波动方程与磁化等离子体中电子的运动方程,得到了电磁波传播的色散方程,求解色散方程得到了磁化等离子体对电磁波的折射率及逆韧致吸收系数。可以得出,随着外加磁场的增强,等离子体截止波长明显变短,导致低频电磁场无法穿过等离子体。对于1μm左右波长的电磁波,等离子体的折射率和逆韧致吸收系数几乎不随外加磁场强度的变化而变化。对于10μm左右波长的电磁波,等离子体的折射率随外加磁场强度的增强而减小,而逆韧致吸收系数随外加磁场强度的增强而增大。理论分析和数值结果阐明了电磁波在磁化等离子体中的传输机理,对研究激光复合焊接中磁场和等离子体对激光传播的影响具有指导意义。     

桥面变形监测的多尺度分析与建立模型

对于利用 GNSS测量技术获取的桥面监测数据,研究如何对其进行准确而有效的处理与 分析,获取桥梁的运营状态,对桥梁的养护与安全运营具有重要意义。从对桥面 GNSS监测数据 的处理与分析方法研究出发,利用 EMD 方法结合频谱分析,得到 EMD 后的IMF 分量的频域范 围,有效地分离出含有振动信息的变形量、趋势分量和高频噪声分量。结合 SSA、EMD 两种信号 处理方法的优点,提出了一种新的 EMD-SSA 耦合模型,将经SSA 去噪后的高频IMF分量与低频 IMF分量和残余项进行重构。对新的信号处理模型通过仿真信号和桥面监测信号进行验证,试验 结果表明,新模型的处理效果较单独的 EMD、SSA 方法的处理效果有了显著提升。与 EMD、SSA 方法相比,利用新方法处理信号后信噪比与相关系数增加,偏差减小,验证了新方法的可行性与有 效性。     

考虑磁滞效应的电抗器二维电磁场计算

将JA模型与电磁场数值分析方法相结合,在考虑铁心的磁滞效应的情况下,推导出电磁场的有限元计算模型。分别采用基本磁化曲线和磁滞回线两种不同的方法对电抗器的电磁场进行仿真计算。研究结果表明磁滞现象对电抗器电磁场的计算影响较大,因此考虑磁滞效应的电磁场数值计算模型,为进一步研究电抗器的发热问题奠定了理论基础。     

航天器大型柔性附件地面模态试验与性能评价研究

航天器大型柔性附件地面模态试验既须考虑空气阻力影响,又要分析地面重力带来的边界效应的影响,以动力学特性完全确定的标准杆结构为依托,首先在气动-电磁悬挂系统上进行不同长度标准杆地面模态试验,然后利用Rayleigh-Rize法和有限元法进行数值仿真模拟,研究表明气动-电磁超低频悬挂系统使水平方向测试结果偏高而使垂直方向测试结果偏低,并开展气动-电磁超低频悬挂系统性能评价研究,建议通过电磁力抵消附加质量影响并在水平方向增加随动设计。     

基于叶尖间隙测量的航空发动机转子振动预测

基于叶尖间隙测量,进行了航空发动机转子振动位移和轴心轨迹的预测方法研究,建立于叶尖间隙变化动态模型,对叶尖间隙变化进行了数值计算以及有限元仿真,并针对带机匣的转子试验器进行了试验研究。采用电涡流传感器对相互垂直的两个测点进行叶尖间隙测试;通过Hilbert-Huang变换对信号进行处理,提取其低频分量;再利用互相关分析方法提取出转频信号,并由转频分量绘制了轴心轨迹;与直接测得同截面转轴上的轴心轨迹相比,两者的吻合度达到90%以上,试验结果充分表明了研究方法的正确有效性,为通过叶尖间隙测试间接获取转子振动位移提供了有效的技术途径。      

Schumann Resonances as a Means of Investigating the Electromagnetic Environment in the Solar System

The propagation of extremely low frequency (ELF, 3 Hz to 3 kHz) radio waves and resonant phenomena in the spherical Earth-ionosphere cavity has been studied for almost fifty years. When such a cavity is excited by naturally occurring broadband electromagnetic radiation, resonances can develop if the equatorial circumference is approximately equal to an integral number of wavelengths of the propagating electromagnetic waves; these are termed Schumann resonances. They provide information not only about thunderstorm and lightning activity on the Earth, and their relation to climate, but also on the properties of the low ionosphere. Similar investigations can be performed for any other planet or satellite, provided that it has an ionosphere. There are important differences between the Earth and other celestial bodies regarding, for example, the surface conductivity, the atmospheric conductivity profile, the geometry of the ionospheric cavity, and the sources of excitation. To a first approximation, the size of the cavity defines the fundamental resonant frequency, the atmospheric electron density profile controls the wave attenuation, the nature of the sources influences the electromagnetic field distribution in the cavity, and the body surface conductivity indicates to what extent the subsurface can be explored. The frequencies and attenuation rates of the principal eigenmodes depend upon the electrical properties of the cavity. Instruments that monitor the electromagnetic environment in the ELF range on the surface, on balloons, or on descent probes provide unique information on the cavity. In this paper, we present Schumann resonance models for selected inner planets, some gaseous giant planets and a few of their satellites. We review the crucial parameters of ELF electromagnetic waves in their atmospheric cavities, namely the electric and magnetic field spectra, their eigenfrequencies, and the associated Q-factors (damping factors). Then we present important information on theoretical developments, on a general model that uses the finite element method and on the parameterization of the cavity. Next we show the distinctiveness of each planetary environment, and discuss how ELF radio wave propagation can contribute to an assessment of the major characteristics of those planetary environments.     

海上舰船目标的宽带雷达散射特征信号仿真

提出一种将目标高频电磁（EM）散射计算多径回波模型与不同海况条件下粗糙海面前向复反射系数模型相结合的方法,对海上舰船目标宽带雷达回波进行仿真和分析。简要分析了目标-海面相互作用的多径回波模型,给出了目标体的电磁散射计算方法,研究了不同海况条件下海面前向复反射系数随频率和擦地角的变化特性,并通过仿真分析了海面对舰船目标雷达回波的影响。对比分析舰船目标体直接散射及在不同海况条件下考虑多径效应时的雷达散射截面（RCS）变化特性,并在不同海况条件下对目标进行二维逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像仿真,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

利用定子槽口宽度削弱永磁电机电磁噪声研究

着重研究了永磁电机定子槽口宽度对电磁噪声的影响。通过电磁力解析计算得出电磁力与定子槽口宽度的计算关系。利用Ansoft软件对1台电动汽车用永磁电机进行电磁场计算,求解改变定子槽口宽度对电磁力波的影响,并用ANSYS软件对该永磁电机进行不同定子槽口宽度的2D声场计算。进行了试验验证,仿真计算与试验结果基本一致,可为该类电机削弱噪声设计计算提供参考。     

活性碳毡对称振子阵列／树脂复合吸波材料的研究

研究了含活性碳毡对称振子阵列吸波复合材料的微波吸收特性.结果表明:含振子阵列吸波材料的吸波性能与入射电场方向、振子两臂间的电阻、振子间的距离和阵列的位置密切相关.对称振子阵列对电磁波的吸收呈各向异性,振子与入射电场平行时,吸波性能较好;随振子两臂间电阻或振子间距的增大,材料的吸波性能先提高后降低,电阻和振子间距均存在最佳值;随振子阵列和试样下表面距离的减小,材料的吸波性能提高,振子与入射电场平行时,本实验条件下可获得有效带宽13GHz,最大吸收峰值-30.3dB的反射衰减.     

The Galileo Plasma wave investigation

The purpose of the Galileo plasma wave investigation is to study plasma waves and radio emissions in the magnetosphere of Jupiter. The plasma wave instrument uses an electric dipole antenna to detect electric fields, and two search coil magnetic antennas to detect magnetic fields. The frequency range covered is 5 Hz to 5.6 MHz for electric fields and 5 Hz to 160 kHz for magnetic fields. Low time-resolution survey spectrums are provided by three on-board spectrum analyzers. In the normal mode of operation the frequency resolution is about 10%, and the time resolution for a complete set of electric and magnetic field measurements is 37.33 s. High time-resolution spectrums are provided by a wideband receiver. The wideband receiver provides waveform measurements over bandwidths of 1, 10, and 80 kHz. These measurements can be either transmitted to the ground in real time, or stored on the spacecraft tape recorder. On the ground the waveforms are Fourier transformed and displayed as frequency-time spectrogams. Compared to previous measurements at Jupiter this instrument has several new capabilities. These new capabilities include (1) both electric and magnetic field measurements to distinguish electrostatic and electromagnetic waves, (2) direction finding measurements to determine source locations, and (3) increased bandwidth for the wideband measurements.Deceased     

Fluctuating magnetic fields in the magnetosphere

The study of Extremely-Low-Frequency (ELF) and Very-Low-Frequency (VLF) waves in space has been intensively pursued in the past decade. Search coil magnetometers, magnetic loop antennas, and electric dipole antennas have been carried on board many spacecraft. The measurements performed by these instruments have revealed a multitude of wave phenomena, whose study in turn is providing a wealth of information on the physics of the magnetospheric and ionospheric plasma. Two classes of wave phenomena are observed: whistlers and emissions. The observed whistler phenomena include: multiple hop ducted whistlers, ion-cutoff whistlers, ion cyclotron whistlers, subprotonospheric whistlers, magnetospherically reflected whistlers and walking trace whistlers.The emissions observed at high altitudes near the magnetic equator differ in many respects from those observed at low altitudes near the ionosphere. At high altitudes, inside the plasmasphere ELF hiss is the dominant emission and outside the plasmasphere chorus is the dominant emission. Also seen is a sub-LHR hiss band in the outer plasmasphere near the equator, and high pass noise and broadband noise in the outer nightside magnetosphere. At low altitude both ELF hiss and chorus are present but, here, ELF hiss is the dominant emission even outside the plasmasphere. Additional emissions, specific to low altitudes, such as VLF hiss and LHR noise are also observed. Although the observations of these phenomena by spacecraft have been complemented by many ground-based and rocket borne studies as well as by spacecraft observations of man-made signals, this paper reviews only satellite observations of signals of natural origin.     

基于小波包分解和滑动功率谱的舰船轴频电场信号检测

轴频电场是可在水下探测到的一种运动舰船特征物理场,由于海水的衰减作用,其信号十分微弱。文章提出了一种基于小波包分解和滑动功率谱的微弱舰船轴频电场信号检测方法。首先,利用小波包变换对观测信号进行多子带分解;然后,分别提取各子带信号功率作为检测特征量,使用浮动门限对其进行滑动检测。实测数据和仿真数据处理表明,该方法能够在较低的信噪比条件下有效工作,性能优于传统的功率谱检测方法。     

A Weighted Inner Product Estimator in the Geometric Algebra of Euclidean 3-Space for Source Localization Using an EM Vector-sensor

In this paper, the source localization by utilizing the measurements of a single electromagnetic (EM) vector-sensor is investigated in the framework of the geometric algebra of Euclidean 3-space. In order to describe the orthogonality among the electric and magnetic measurements, two multivectors of the geometric algebra of Euclidean 3-space (G3) are used to model the outputs of a spatially collocated EM vector-sensor. Two estimators for the wave propagation vector estimation are then formulated by the inner product between a vector and a bivector in the G3. Since the information used by the two estimators is different, a weighted inner product estimator is then proposed to fuse the two estimators together in the sense of the minimum mean square error (MMSE). Analytical results show that the statistical performances of the weighted inner product estimator are always better than its traditional cross product counterpart. The efficacy of the weighted inner product estimator and the correctness of the analytical predictions are demonstrated by simulation results.     

车用异步电机的电磁噪声分析与抑制

分析车用异步电机的电磁噪声问题。分析一台电动汽车牵引用异步电机空载噪声过大的原因,定位噪声的主要来源。基于Ansys Workbench多物理场仿真分析平台建立样机的电磁-结构-声场仿真模型,对样机的电磁噪声进行仿真预测,并通过试验测试和有限元仿真的噪声频谱对比验证电磁噪声仿真的正确性。对样机电磁噪声过大的原因进行理论分析,通过更改槽配合抑制电磁噪声,并通过噪声测试验证理论分析的正确性。     

粗糙衰减因子在电磁波蒸发波导传播中的应用

为了研究电磁波在蒸发波导中的传播问题,结合我国海域蒸发波导实际情况,推算出其最大陷获角,仿真分析了Miller-Brown粗糙衰减因子随风速和电磁波传播方向与海面夹角的变化关系。运用射线描迹法进行仿真实验,结果表明:只要已知蒸发波导高度,就可得到海面粗糙衰减因子与风速的直接关系。采用高斯拟合模型,给出粗糙衰减因子的简化表达式,解决了模型中Bessel函数展开形式复杂、求解困难的问题,有利于快速获得海面粗糙状况,对分析粗糙海面对电磁波传输衰减影响有借鉴意义。