飞翼无人机3种保形进气口进气道气动与隐身综合特性对比

基于飞翼布局无人机隐身与结构装载布置要求,保形设计了3种进气口形状的背负式S弯进气道,按照进口投影截面形状上、下底之比顺序排列,分别为三角形、梯形和矩形.利用数值模拟方法对无人机内外流场耦合流动进行计算分析,且基于射线弹跳(SBR)法对进气道电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,获得了飞翼无人机3种进气道的气动与隐身综合特性.研究结果表明:①矩形进气道模型升阻和纵向力矩特性表现均最好;②3种 进气道模型按顺序排列总压恢复系数逐渐增大,畸变指数逐渐减小,进气道沿程气流也逐渐顺畅,矩形进气道模型进气道内流特性最优;③0°迎角下3种进气道模型雷达散射截面(RCS)均值基本呈现先增大后减小的特征,进气道终端开放时矩形进气道模型隐身性能最好,而终端短路时三角形进气道模型隐身效果更优异.      

双斜切双压缩面进气道进口波系结构的数值研究

双斜切双压缩面进气道具有良好的气动性能和隐身性能。生成了这种三维进气道的计算网格,采用数值计算的方法对双斜切双压缩面进气道进口波系结构进行了研究。通过数值计算,分析了双斜切双压缩面进气道进口的流场特性,总结了斜切角、压缩角、来流马赫数等多种影响参数对进气道进口波系结构的影响规律。     

隐身外形飞行器用埋入式进气道的设计与风洞实验研究

本文为隐身外形飞行器用埋入式进气道发展了一套设计方法。该方法的理论基础是埋入式进气道进气机理和气动S弯概念,其关键技术包含通道中心线设计、横截面面积变化规律设计以及横截面形状设计等,各技术可以方便地用数学方法加以描述,整个方法易于编程实现。并结合一种隐身外形无人机提出了埋入式进气道方案,通过实验得到了此类隐身外形飞行器用埋入式进气道的气动特性。结果表明,所提出的埋入式进气道方案可行,所设计的模型进气道性能良好,所发展的设计方法合理。同时验证了埋入式进气道进气机理的正确性,也表明隐身外形飞行器与埋入式进气道的组合方案具有十分光明的应用前景。     

座舱及进气道对某飞翼布局电磁散射影响

座舱和进气道对飞行器隐身性能有重要作用。为分析座舱及进气道的散射影响特性,建立了四种包含不同部件的电磁模型,结合物理光学法和雷达截面积(RCS)均值相对增值概念,研究了RCS曲线分布影响、俯仰角响应特性、频率响应特性。结果表明:考虑隐身设计的座舱和进气道不改变散射分布特性,RCS曲线分布特性相似;俯仰角增加,座舱影响较小,进气道、混合座舱和进气道前向、后向、周向角域相对增值震荡性递增,频率增加,座舱对电磁散射影响不大,进气道、混合座舱和进气道的前向、后向角域的相对增值震荡减小。座舱对电磁散射影响较小,前向相对增值位于-2.4～1 dB之间,进气道对电磁散射影响较大,前向相对增值为2～12 dB。     

无人机进气道设计中的隐身技术

无人机在现代战争中发挥着越来越大的作用,但也呈现出易受攻击和易被摧毁的弱点,因此迫切需要采取有效的措施来提高无人机在复杂战场环境中的生存能力.阐述了进气道隐身设计对无人机隐身的重要性,并从进气道气动隐身设计和吸波材料在进气道隐身中的应用方面对改善无人机的隐身性能进行了详细分析.     

进气道隐身装置与发动机联合试验研究

介绍了进气道隐身装置与某涡扇型发动机地面联合试验的设备组成与试验方法,分析了风扇形吸波导流体的隐身原理。通过实验,确定了吸波导流体对进气道气动性能的影响,考验了由复合材料构成的隐身装置的结构强度。      

高超声速二元进气道脉冲起动双波结构的理论与数值研究

为了研究高超声速进气道的脉冲起动特性,对二元高超声速进气道在脉冲风洞中流场建立过程进行了数值模拟,并根据运动激波关系式建立了双波结构数学模型,分析了进气道脉冲起动过程中双波结构的产生及传播过程。研究表明通过理论计算得到的双波结构气动参数与仿真结果基本一致。结合仿真发现进气道脉冲起动过程流场的主要特征包括:运动激波与斜激波相交、激波/边界层相互干扰以及分离包的空间位置和自身体积变化、进气道自起动过程等。另外结合双波结构计算模型,通过仿真研究了影响双波结构流动参数及影响进气道脉冲起动特性的因素,发现初始条件影响进气道的脉冲起动特性主要是通过改变双波结构的强度实现的。      

基于CFD的一种变形翼亚声速气动特性仿真分析

利用CFD软件FLUENT,对亚声速条件下一种可变弯度的变形翼进行了数值仿真,捕捉到了翼型表面局部激波现象,给出了翼型气动参数与翼面激波位置随弯度变化的曲线图,并分析了弯度变化对其的影响.结果表明,翼型弯度发生变化时,激波在翼面的位置会发生改变,并对翼型气动参数产生较大影响；适度减小翼型的弯度,对激波影响有一定的改善作用.分析结果为变形翼的优化设计和变形飞行控制提供了理论与数据支持.     

带旁通的双S弯进气道设计及性能

针对一种带旁通的双S弯进气道开展了气动设计和性能仿真研究。探索了改变第一S弯长度对进气道的影响,通过流场流动和砂粒轨迹的分析,对初始设计的模型进行修正,然后在修正后的基准模型的基础上,采用数值模拟方法,重点研究了不同扫气比和过渡截面面积比对进气道管道内流动特性和排砂效率的影响。结果表明：第一S弯的长度过小则气动性能好但不利于排砂,过大则气动性能差但排砂效果好。过渡截面面积比在减小的过程中,进气道气动性能略微下降。当形成分离涡后,总压损失迅速增大,但出口总压畸变指数降低。面积比过大或者过小都不利于进气道排砂。随着扫气比增大,排砂性能提高,进气道出口总压恢复基本稳定,畸变增大。     

可连续光滑偏转后缘的变弯度翼型气动特性分析

以变弯度翼型为研究对象,计算了其六种外形的绕流流场,分析了不同的连续光滑变形翼型与传统偏转翼型的气动特性,讨论了变形参数对气动特性的影响,研究了气动特性的产生机理;与此同时,以形状记忆聚合物柔性蒙皮和机械结构实现了可连续光滑偏转后缘的变弯度翼型,并在风洞实验中测试了其气动特性。计算和实验结果表明:可连续光滑偏转后缘的变弯度翼型能改进传统主翼-简单襟翼翼型的气动特性和流场分离特性;可变形段范围、转轴位置、后缘偏转角度、后缘高度等变形参数对气动特性具有显著影响。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.