应答机对称天线干涉对雷达信号影响分析

针对测速雷达在目标旋转时,由对称天线导致的下行信号干涉问题,通过理论分析远场条件下信号干涉合成方向图变化情况和双基微多普勒计算方法,提出了一种分析干涉区前后多普勒阶跃的方法。通过分析测速雷达记录数据中AGC(Automatic Gain Control,自动增益控制)电平、多普勒和综合误差电压,再利用小波变换和自相关方法,可以提取微多普勒信息和微多普勒周期。理论分析和数据验证可知,信号干涉区出现在对称天线中间±20°左右,雷达接收AGC电平在干涉区下降10~20dB,多普勒差分出现峰值,微多普勒在干涉区前后出现正负峰值,综合误差电压会显著增大。这些结论有利于认识干涉现象对测速设备接收信号的影响。     

载人航天任务测速雷达双通道数据融合方法

针对载人航天任务中高精度测速雷达在实时多主站外弹道融合时仅能采用单通道应答数据参与处理,获得的弹道精度较差,且测速雷达数据利用率仅有50%的问题,提出利用多普勒效应和应答机遥测参数两种方法对测速雷达跟踪模式进行实时准确识别,首先得到测速雷达双通道的应答数据,然后通过改进的非线性滤波+机动模型算法对火箭上升段外弹道测量数据进行高精度融合。最后采用仿真数据对传统方法和新方法的外弹道融合精度进行了比对分析。该方法的应用可有效提高测速雷达测元利用率和载人航天任务火箭上升段外弹道精度,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

遗传算法在雷达吸波涂层多目标优化设计中的应用

本文利用遗传算法实现了雷达吸波涂层的多目标优化设计.首先对目标函数进行合理设计,同时基于Pareto最优概念,采用非劣分层遗传算法(NSGA)进行多目标优化.对具体实例的优化结果表明,该方法利用共享函数和小生境技术,可以使优化结果均匀的收敛于Pareto域附近.同传统优化方法相比,该方法物理意义明确,对决策者来说更具科学性、针对性和实用价值.     

基于分段模型的测速雷达电波折射误差修正方法

针对高精度测速系统在优化设备时取消探空气象测量的要求,提出用统计大气折射率剖面分段模型代替探空测量剖面,并在此基础上建立了基于分段模型的测速雷达电波折射误差修正方法。利用某测站历史气象数据对该方法进行了验证,结果表明精度较高,基本上能够满足测速雷达数据处理电波折射修正的精度要求。     

基于遗传算法与神经网络微电阻点焊工艺参数优化

文摘微电阻点焊工艺参数的设置对焊点力学性能有着至关重要的作用,通过正交试验极差分析研究了工艺参数对0.05 mm厚TC1箔材焊点剪切力和剥离力的影响程度。通过赋予剪切力和剥离力相应的权值将双优化目标转化为单一的混合优化目标,结合神经网络与遗传算法,对工艺参数进行了优化,建立了基于BP神经网络的焊点力学性能预测模型。结果表明预测模型的误差小于4%,预测模型具有较高的精度和预测能力,可以准确地预测焊点的力学性能。同时通过gatool工具箱对各项工艺参数进行了优化,获得焊接参数的最优组合:焊接电流800 A、电极压力8.89 N、爬坡时间1.608 ms、焊接时间8 ms,混合优化目标为55.73 N。通过与正交试验优化结果对比,遗传算法寻优可以获得更好的综合力学性能。     

测速雷达信标测量数据复原新方法

给出了一种测速雷达信标测量多普勒频率复原的新方法,此方法与目标运动的初始轨道参数无关。与已有方法相比较,新方法解决了已有数据复原方法对初始轨道参数的依赖性,理论上消除了初始轨道参数精度对数据复原精度的影响。通过与已有方法计算结果的比对分析表明,新方法能够满足数据处理精度要求,具有较好的适用性,是实现信标测量数据复原的有效途径。     

逆轨道拦截卫星轨道设计与优化

研究了一种逆轨道卫星拦截的方法。根据对逆轨道拦截卫星的要求,建立了停泊轨道的数学模型,并以轨道转移能量和快速拦截为优化目标,运用遗传算法对逆轨道拦截卫星的停泊轨道参数进行了优化设计。计算结果表明了遗传算法解决这一多约束多目标优化问题的有效性。     

考虑气膜冷却的涡轮静叶三维优化

为研究气冷涡轮叶片设计的特点,搭建了一个可以对采用气膜冷却的气冷涡轮叶片进行全三维优化的平台,该平台可在有冷气喷射的条件下对叶片进行多目标优化.优化平台中采用11参数法对叶片进行造型.针对该造型方法和优化设计的要求对优化变量的选取和优化策略以及优化目标的设定进行了一定的探讨,采用多岛遗传算法对优化问题进行寻优.采用该平台对某航空涡轮第一级静叶进行了优化.由于对不同目标进行了加权处理,所以随着优化目标侧重点的不同,优化方案的叶型呈现出不同特点,其气动效率和冷却效果均有所改善.     

运用卡尔曼滤波理论求解测速雷达系统误差

本文在建立测速雷达误差模型的基础上，采用Kalman滤波方法求解误差模型系数，解决了由于缺少高精度测速雷达作比较标准不能对测速雷达进行精度鉴定的难题，此法和随机误差计算方法一起构成了一整套测速雷达精度测试方法，这套方法实施简单，便于采用。     

新型雷达测速仪检定装置研制成功

近日,中国兵器工业集团西安电子工程研究所成功研制了对国内所有测速雷达可以进行检测的新型BZ-2型雷达测速仪检定装置。该检定装置可以对具有方向判别的雷达进行检测的计量检定装置。     

Doppler Compensation & Single Pulse Imaging using Adaptive Pulse Compression

The effects of target Doppler are addressed in relation to adaptive receive processing for radar pulse compression. To correct for Doppler-induced filter mismatch over a single pulse, the Doppler-compensated adaptive pulse compression (DC-APC) algorithm is presented whereby the respective Doppler shifts for large target returns are jointly estimated with the illuminated range profile and subsequently incorporated into the original APC adaptive receive filter formulation. As a result, the Doppler-mismatch-induced range sidelobes can be suppressed thereby regaining a significant portion of the sensitivity improvement that is possible when applying adaptive pulse compression (APC) without the existence of significant Doppler mismatch. In contrast, instead of compensating for Doppler mismatch, the single pulse imaging (SPI) algorithm generalizes the APC formulation for a bank of Doppler-shifted matched filters thereby producing a sidelobe-suppressed range-Doppler image from the return signal of a single radar pulse which is applicable for targets with substantial variation in Doppler. Both techniques are based on the recently proposed APC algorithm and its generalization, the multistatic adaptive pulse compression (MAPC) algorithm, which have been shown to be effective for the suppression of pulse compression range sidelobes thus dramatically increasing the sensitivity of pulse compression radar.     

Ambiguity resolution of multiple targets using pulse-Dopplerwaveforms

To cancel clutter, both medium-PRF waveforms which are ambiguous in both range and Doppler and high-PRF waveforms which are ambiguous in range but unambiguous in ambiguities, a previous paper has shown that superior results for a single target can be achieved by using a clustering algorithm. Here, the problem of multiple targets is considered. A maximum likelihood (ML) technique which incorporates the clustering algorithm is developed for the multiple target problem. Simulation results show that four targets which have the same speed but are at different ranges can be resolved by using a medium-PRF waveform and employing the ML resolution technique     

A Velocity Estimation Algorithm of Moving Targets using Single Antenna SAR

A new algorithm is proposed for velocity estimation of moving targets in single antenna synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Based on the fact that different velocity vectors cause different geometrical figures of the two-dimensional (2-D) signature in the range-Doppler (RD) domain, this algorithm estimates the azimuth and range velocities by a 2-D search such that the range cell migration correction (RCMC) and the second range compression (SRC) are correctly performed. It is shown that, using the proposed algorithm, the Doppler ambiguity problem can be avoided and satisfactory accurate velocity estimation can be obtained in high signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) scenarios.     

Super resolution feature extraction of moving targets

High range resolution (HRR) moving target indicator (MTI) is becoming increasingly important for many military and civilian applications such as the detection and classification of moving targets in strong clutter background. We consider the problem of extracting the HRR features of moving targets with very closely spaced scatterers in the presence of strong stationary clutter, where the range migration and Doppler frequency are taken into account. A relaxation-based algorithm, which is robust and computationally simple, is proposed to deal with the above problem. Numerical results have shown that the proposed algorithm exhibits super resolution and excellent estimation performance     

基于距离子带的机载SAR高精度多级空变运动补偿

运动补偿（MOCO）是机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）获取高质量图像的关键,超高分辨率成像中,如何精确、高效地校正空变运动误差仍是很大的挑战。本文提出了一种改进的多级空变运动补偿方案,兼顾处理的精度和效率。首先,采用一步运动补偿法有效去除运动误差的距离空变分量,避免引起额外的距离徙动校正（RCMC）误差。同时,修正视线方向误差的传统计算方式,保证相位精度的前提下结合距离子带实现无插值的近似距离包络补偿。然后,利用距离子带降低残余方位空变误差的距离空变性和对方位时频关系的影响,显著改善宽波束情况下的聚焦效果,降低孔径依赖补偿算法的运算量。最终分辨率达到0.1 m,具有实际工程应用价值。点目标仿真和实测数据处理验证了所做的研究。     

Estimating the Doppler centroid of SAR data

After reviewing frequency-domain techniques for estimating the Doppler centroid of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) data, the author describes a time-domain method and highlights its advantages. In particular, a nonlinear time-domain algorithm called the sign-Doppler estimator (SDE) is shown to have attractive properties. An evaluation based on an existing SEASAT processor is reported. The time-domain algorithms are shown to be extremely efficient with respect to requirements on calculations and memory, and hence they are well suited to real-time systems where the Doppler estimation is based on raw SAR data. For offline processors where the Doppler estimation is performed on processed data, which removes the problem of partial coverage of bright targets, the ΔE estimator and the CDE (correlation Doppler estimator) algorithm give similar performance. However, for nonhomogeneous scenes it is found that the nonlinear SDE algorithm, which estimates the Doppler-shift on the basis of data signs alone, gives superior performance     

A Multistage Processing Algorithm for Disturbance Removal and Target Detection in Passive Bistatic Radar

The paper examines the problem of cancellation of direct signal, multipath and clutter echoes in passive bistatic radar (PBR). This problem is exacerbated as the transmitted waveform is not under control of the radar designer and the sidelobes of the ambiguity function can mask targets including those displaced in either (or both) range and Doppler from the disturbance. A novel multistage approach is developed for disturbance cancellation and target detection based on projections of the received signal in a subspace orthogonal to both the disturbance and previously detected targets. The resulting algorithm is shown to be effective against typical simulated scenarios with a limited number of stages, and a version with computational savings is also introduced. Finally its effectiveness is demonstrated with the application to real data acquired with an experimental VHF PBR system.     

机载斜视SAR改进ETF快速成像算法

 根据机载斜视SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)成像模式，详细推导了任意场景位置的准确传递函数，在此基础上，提出了一种改进的ETF（Exact Transfer Function）成像算法。并推导得到了算法使用中分块处理应该满足的边界条件。由于推导过程基于准确运动模型和参考距离模型，方位相位的计算不做近似截取而是做准确计算，使得该算法具有更高的相位精度。同时该算法可运行于现有的成像系统，兼容性好；对数据分块并行运算，解决了斜视情况下大距离徙动带来的问题并且提高了运算速度。最后，点目标仿真成像结果证明了算法的有效性。     

Multi-Target/Multi-Sensor Tracking using Only Range and Doppler Measurements

A new approach is described for combining range and Doppler data from multiple radar platforms to perform multi-target detection and tracking. In particular, azimuthal measurements are assumed to be either coarse or unavailable, so that multiple sensors are required to triangulate target tracks using range and Doppler measurements only. Increasing the number of sensors can cause data association by conventional means to become impractical due to combinatorial complexity, i.e., an exponential increase in the number of mappings between signatures and target models. When the azimuthal resolution is coarse, this problem will be exacerbated by the resulting overlap between signatures from multiple targets and clutter. In the new approach, the data association is performed probabilistically, using a variation of expectation-maximization (EM). Combinatorial complexity is avoided by performing an efficient optimization in the space of all target tracks and mappings between tracks and data. The full, multi-sensor, version of the algorithm is tested on simulated data. The results demonstrate that accurate tracks can be estimated by exploiting spatial diversity in the sensor locations. Also, as a proof-of-concept, a simplified, single-sensor range-only version of the algorithm is tested on experimental radar data acquired with a stretch radar receiver. These results are promising, and demonstrate robustness in the presence of nonhomogeneous clutter.