低速冲击与准静态压痕力下复合材料层合板的损伤等效性

低速冲击与集中准静态压痕(QSI)力对复合材料层合板所造成的损伤具有等效性。通过两类损伤方式对比试验,获得了冲击能量(或准静态压痕力)与层合板损伤面积、损伤宽度和凹坑深度3组对应关系。3组关系的对比分析表明,凹坑深度是表征损伤的最佳参数,因此将凹坑深度作为损伤参数来建立落锤冲击损伤与准静态压痕力损伤间的等效关系。发现拐点是层合板纤维和基体整体抵抗冲击(或准静态压痕力)能力的最大值,两类试验的拐点相差很小,且两类试验变化趋势相同,说明了用集中准静态压痕试验取代落锤低速冲击试验是可行的。对相同凹坑深度下的冲击能量与准静态压痕力进行了数值分析,并提出了冲击能量与准静态压痕力间的等效性公式。研究表明,文中建立的等效性公式能够很好地反映落锤冲击能量与准静态压痕力之间的关系,可为今后由集中准静态压痕试验代替落锤冲击试验提供理论支持。     

Bolt insertion damage and mechanical behaviors investigation of CFRP/CFRP interference fit bolted joints

Interference fit has advantages in improving fatigue behaviors of composite bolted joints; however, interference fit bolt insertion tends to cause damages in laminates weakening joint mechanical properties. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate bolt insertion damages of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)/CFRP interference fit bolted joints. Mechanical behaviors of joints were also evaluated experimentally under both quasi-static loads and cyclic loads. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and high-resolution X-ray micro-CT scan were used to examine micro damages in laminates. Damage and failure behaviors of joints were characterized. The results demonstrated that the hole entrance in upper laminate and the laminate boundary near the hole wall were the most critical regions for damages during bolt insertions. However, the influence of those damages on quasi-static failure loads and fatigue failure modes of joints was minimal. Delamination and matrix cracking occurred first in laminates following fiber and matrix fracture in quasi-static tensile tests. Interference fit could improve the fatigue resistance of the laminate hole; however, the bolt seemed to suffer a more critical local fatigue loading condition. This paper can contribute to composite structure designs, especially in understanding damage and failure behaviors of composite bolted joints.     

Low-velocity impact response and infrared radiation characteristics of thermoplastic/thermoset composites

The low-velocity impact response and infrared radiation characteristics of composites have rarely been focused on simultaneously. This study aims to investigate the low-velocity impact response and infrared radiation characteristics of the glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polypropylene and carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting epoxy resin laminates wildly used in the aircraft industry. The impact tests were conducted at five energy levels. Characterization parameters such as impact load, displacement, and absorbed energy were measured. The damage evolution and damage modes of the laminates were analyzed through active and passive thermography, ultrasonic C-scan, and optical microscope. The results indicate that Thermosets (TS) laminates exhibit better impact resistance, while Thermoplastics (TP) laminates show higher delamination ductility, and the maximum contact force of TP laminates is much smaller than that of the TS laminates under low-velocity impacts, but the low bending stiffness and low ductility of the TP matrix cause the difference in energy absorption level between the two not significant. The temperature characteristic changes of passive infrared thermography heat maps could characterize the damage mode of the laminates. The correlation between the heat maps and the impact characteristic curves is explained; the fluctuation of the impact characteristic curves is directly related to the hot spot characteristics changes of the heat maps. More frequent curve fluctuations correspond to a larger and brighter hot spot on the heat map, which peaks at the maximum impact load after the impact force versus time curve fluctuation cutoff point, the maximum center displacement of the impact force versus displacement curve, and the maximum absorbed energy of the absorbed energy versus time curve.     

含裂口损伤复合材料层合板拉伸试验及数值模拟分析

通过对无损、含损(不同长度的裂口损伤)的碳纤维复合材料层合板进行拉伸试验,研究了裂口损伤形式对碳纤维复合材料层合板拉伸性能的影响。经试验研究,碳纤维复合材料无损层合板的拉伸强度为517.37MPa;且裂口损伤使碳纤维复合材料层合板的拉伸性能显著降低。相比无损层合板的拉伸性能,裂口为5mm的层合板拉伸强度降低26.3%,裂口为15mm的层合板拉伸强度降低23.4%。采用基于三维渐进损伤失效准则编写的子程序对碳纤维复合材料层合板进行拉伸数值模拟分析,模拟了含损层合板的损伤起始过程。通过与试验结果进行比较,验证了模型的合理性。     

不同冲击能量对层合板损伤及剩余强度的影响

基于三维逐渐损伤理论和全程分析方法,对复合材料层合板在冲击载荷及冲击后静载荷下的损伤过程进行分析,重点研究不同冲击能量对两种不同铺层参数、不同几何尺寸的T300/BMP-316复合材料层合板的损伤产生与扩展过程以及剩余强度的影响规律.结果表明:复合材料层合板存在可使其剩余强度急剧下降的冲击能门槛值.对于T300/BMP-316复合材料层合板而言,其冲击能量的门槛值介于5.0～5.5J之间;在冲击过程中,冲头下落速度具有一定的波动性,且不同铺层参数将影响冲击后复合材料层合板表面的凹痕深度.      

含损伤复合材料层合板剩余压缩强度研究进展

综述了含损伤复合材料层合板剩余压缩强度的研究进展,重点介绍受低速冲击后复合材料层合板的剩余压缩强度问题,主要包括:(1)层合板压缩失效的损伤特征及损伤状态表征;(2)层合板压缩试验研究;(3)损伤模型分析及失效分析;(4)研究展望.     

Analysis of composite laminates with intra- and interlaminar damage

Failure process of composite laminate under quasi-static or fatigue loading involves sequential accumulation of intra- and interlaminar damage. Matrix cracking parallel to the fibres in the off-axis plies is the first intralaminar damage mode observed. These cracks are either arrested at the interface or cause interlaminar damage (delamination) due to high interlaminar stresses at the ply interface. This paper summarises recent theoretical modelling developed by the authors on stiffness property degradation and mechanical behaviour of general symmetric laminates with off-axis ply cracks and crack-induced delaminations. Closed-form analytical expressions are derived for Mode I, Mode II and the total strain energy release rates associated with these damage modes. Dependence of strain energy release rates on crack density, delamination area and ply orientation angle in balanced and unbalanced symmetric laminates is examined and discussed. Also, stiffness degradation due to various types of damage is predicted and analysed.     

复合材料层板损伤力学的实验研究——损伤应变能释放率破坏判据

一、前言 鉴于复合材料层板的结构特点和独特的破坏机理,作者曾经讨论过最近发展起来的固体力学新分支——连续介质损伤力学在复合材料层板中的应用,并指出了损伤力学可能是研究含缺陷复合材料强度的更有效的工具。 从70年代到现在,各向同性损伤理论已经得到了仔细的研究,并在大变形塑性损伤,蠕变损伤和疲劳损伤等方面的应用中取得了初步成功。     

复合材料层合板抗冲击损伤的参数表征

研究了铺层方式为［０２／９０２／４５２／－４５２］ｓ的航空用碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（ＣＦＲＰ）准各向同性层合板低速冲击引起损伤的表征问题。通过落重冲击试验引入损伤程度Ｄ表示材料低速冲击后材料参数的变化大小，通过准静态球面弯曲试验提出复合材料层合板抗冲击的三种表征参数：层内开裂临界能Ｅ１ｃ、层间开裂（分层）临界能Ｅ２ｃ、分层扩展阻力Ｒ．     

T300/BMP-316复合材料板冲击损伤研究

采用自由落体冲击设备, 对两种不同尺寸不同铺层顺序的T300/BMP-316复合材料层合板进行了详细的低速冲击损伤试验研究, 同时应用作者以前发展的复合材料层合板逐渐累积损伤分析方法对层板的冲击过程进行了模拟.结果表明, 几何尺寸对层合板的冲击损伤投影面积有较大的影响, 而铺层顺序对冲击损伤投影面积影响不大, 但对层合板的冲击损伤形状会有一定的影响.      

基于CDM的开口复合材料层合板结构损伤问题研究

为研究含开口复合材料层合板结构在面内载荷作用下的损伤破坏问题,基于CDM基本原理,从平面应力状态下的Gibbs自由能出发,建立描述复合材料层合板结构层内断裂破坏的二维渐进损伤关系;基于ABAQUS材料用户子程序,将上述渐进损伤关系与二维Hashin失效准则相结合,开发复合材料损伤本构模型,并对含开口复合材料层合板结构在拉伸载荷作用下的破坏过程进行数值模拟;通过与文献试验数据的对比,证明该模型在平面拉伸载荷状态下可以有效预测含开口层合板结构的损伤起始与扩展过程,对层合板强度的预测误差较小。应用上述模型对三种不同开口类型层合板结构在剪切载荷作用的下损伤、破坏分析,结果表明：对于相同面积的开口,不同的开口类型会导致层合板抗剪强度产生较大的差异;而在铺层相同情况下,椭圆形开口层合板的剪切强度相对较高。     

碳纤维/ 环氧树脂层压板的冲击损伤

介绍了碳纤维/环氧树脂层压板冲击试验方法、低速冲击损伤模式、损伤破坏检测方法,总结了近年来冲击后剩余强度、疲劳性能及有限元数值模拟方面的研究进展,并对复合材料冲击方面进一步的研究进行了展望。     

复合材料板冲击损伤及剩余拉伸强度试验

T300/BMP316是一种很有应用前景的航空航天结构复合材料,对两种不同铺层参数的T300/BMP316复合材料层合板进行了冲击损伤及剩余拉伸强度试验.结果表明,不同铺层参数对层合板冲击损伤投影图形的长轴方向有一定的影响,但对冲击损伤投影面积大小几乎没有影响,层合板的剩余拉伸强度与冲击损伤投影面积的大小没有直接关系.      

Carbon nanotube protected composite laminate subjected to lightning strike: Interlaminar film distribution investigation

A kind of interlaminar film with carbon nanotubes inserted into polyether ketone with cardo was used for lightning strike protection of composite laminates. The distribution of the interlaminar film was investigated by experimental and numerical methods. Artificial lightning strike tests were conducted for 12-film carbon nanotube and traditional surface silver coating protected specimens. Then corresponding finite element models (FEMs) were established to analyze the lightning strike effect and validated by the experimental results. Based on the FEMs, the number, distribution and thickness of interlaminar film were investigated in order to obtain equivalent protection effect with the traditional surface silver coating. The results show that only the first two layers were damaged for the surface silver coating protected specimen, while 5 layers were ablated for the 12-film protected specimen. Lightning strike damage area of the laminate protected with 5-film carbon nanotube is almost the same as that of the laminate protected with 12-film carbon nanotube. Compared with traditional surface silver coating protection, one film protection with thickness of 360 μm can make the laminate to obtain equivalent damage depth, 54.8% smaller damage area and 58% less additional weight. And reparability of the laminate is better than that of the laminate protected with 5 interlaminar films.     

Multiaxial fatigue life prediction of composite laminates

A study of composite laminates under tension–torsion biaxial loading is presented. The focus is placed on fatigue lives of composite laminates under different tension–torsion biaxial fatigue loading paths. A macro-meso model used to predict multiaxial fatigue life of composite laminates is also presented in this paper. Firstly, a macro-scale 3D RVE corresponding to composite laminates is established to determine strain components in the material principal direction of each layer for each biaxial stress ratio. Secondly, a meso-scale 3D RVE corresponding to each layer with fibers distributed randomly is established, with progressive damage prediction method, biaxial strength of composite laminates can be predicted, and the final failure layer can be confirmed. Thirdly, select any one of fatigue loading path at which the final failure of composite laminates is fiber failure (matrix failure) to establish the reference curve for fiber (matrix). Finally, with reference curve, fatigue life of composite laminates under any biaxial loading path can be predicted. And numerical results show good agreements with experimental data.     

含低速冲击损伤层压板的压缩破坏研究

对复合材料的结构损伤演化过程的研究在飞机结构设计中具有越来越重要的工程指导意义。针对含低速冲击损伤层压板的压缩分析,提出了一种考虑层间损伤的三维有限元模型,该模型通过层间节点耦合方式,将复合材料层压板各子层粘合到一起,能准确、形象的模拟层间的相互作用。同时,基于累积损伤思想开发了复合材料层压板压缩过程的损伤仿真程序,该...     

准静态加载下陶瓷基复合材料层合板应力-应变曲线的模拟

采用细观力学方法来模拟纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料层合板在准静态加载下应力-应变行为.采用层合板修正剪滞模型分析复合材料出现损伤时的细观应力场,通过临界基体应变能准则、Nair脱粘准则确定基体裂纹间隔和界面脱粘长度.最后结合剪滞模型和损伤机制模拟陶瓷基复合材料层合板应力-应变曲线,并与试验数据进行比较,结果吻合较好.      

Energy absorption features of 3-D braided rectangular composite under different strain rates compressive loading

There are huge potential applications of 3-D braided composite in aerospace engineering because of the non-delamination feature of the composite under impact loading. This paper presents the analysis of energy absorption features of 3-D braided composite under compression with different strain rates. The 3-D 4-step rectangular braided composite coupons were tested on a material tester MTS 810.23 and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus to obtain out-of-plane and in-plane compression stress vs. strain curves at quasi-static and high strain rate state. The failure modes and energy absorption features of the 3-D braided composite under different strain rates were analyzed both in time domain and frequency domain. The energy absorbed by the 3-D braided composite increases with the strain rate. From fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of compression stress vs. time histories, the power of energy absorption of the 3-D braided composite increases with strain rate and mostly concentrate on the high frequency region. While for quasi-static compression, the power distributes in very narrow frequency region and also is less than that in high strain rates. This feature corresponds to the different damage and energy absorption mechanisms of the 3-D braided composite under quasi-static and high strain rate compression.     

层间混杂层合板弹道冲击损伤对比研究

降低树脂基碳纤维层合板的弹道冲击损伤范围对降低飞行器的易损性有重要意义。分别对表面铺覆玻璃纤维和芳纶纤维构成层间混杂的复合材料层合板进行气炮冲击试验,运用超声无损检测方法测量层合板的弹道冲击损伤范围,并进行对比研究。结果表明:与非混杂层合板相比,给碳纤维层合板表面铺覆玻璃纤维或芳纶纤维均可减小弹道冲击穿透性损伤的范围,混杂玻璃纤维效果更好,但混杂界面均容易发生大范围分层损伤,应避免将玻璃纤维等韧性铺层铺覆在冲击背面。     

受弯曲对称复合材料层板的层间应力分析

本文引伸了受均匀拉伸复合材料层板自由边界效应问题的准三维有限元理论,分析了受弯曲（±45）_s角交层板与正交对称层板中的应力响应。着重讨论了层板自由边附近及层间界面上的应力分布。与受均匀应变拉伸下的应力分布相比,受弯曲对称复合材料层板中的层间应力分布有许多不同的特点。本文的分析结果将有助于理解在复合载荷下复合材料层板的破坏模式与破坏过程。