双向膨胀日冕物质抛射事件

1980年5月5日CME事件的外环具有很强的角膨胀,但内环角膨胀很小;角膨胀使外环前沿变坦、冕流弯曲并移位。与在同一太阳区域内相继发生的5月6日事件相比,两者的径向运动特征在时间域内各异,在空间域内却是相似的。     

日冕物质抛射在太阳活动周期内的变化

本文利用SMM1980年和1984年观测的两组日冕物质抛射事件(CMF)及同期耀斑和爆发日珥观测资料,从速度、位置及活动相关率三个方面分析CME在这两个不同时期的特征,并由此推测它在整个太阳活动周内的变化趋势.     

两冕流间的对称径向膨胀日冕物质抛射事件

本文讨论了发生在冕流对之间的1980年5月6日日冕物质抛射事件。提出了一种描述事件外环运动的经验模型,把环的观测外形表达为在运动坐标系中的Cassini函数。环的发展过程分为两个阶段:在前一阶段,外环处于冕流对盔状结构之间,事件的发展以角宽度膨胀为主,其对称轴从赤道向北纬方向移动;径向膨胀和上升速度较低,加速效应明显。在后一阶段,外环越过冕流盔状结构所在高度,角膨胀趋于停止;运动接近于等角宽度和纯径向匀速的膨胀和上升运动。当外环向外运动时,其顶部和几何中心的高度均随时间而增加,但其底部高度基本上保持不变。根据上述观测特征,讨论了事件形成的可能机制。     

米波Ⅲ型爆发与日冕物质抛射

对澳大利亚Culgoora天文台射电频谱仪在太阳活动第23周峰年期间记录到的米波Ⅲ型爆发(20～420 MHz),与日冕物质抛射(CME)、Hα耀斑及相关事件进行了统计分析,发现米波Ⅲ型爆发与CME的关系没有Ⅱ、Ⅳ型爆发与CME的关系密切;米波Ⅲ型爆发发生的时间在CME之前25～30 min最多;72%的CME事件伴随长寿命的Hα耀斑.从这些观测特征出发,对米波Ⅲ型爆发、CME和Hα耀斑进行了定性的解释.     

2011年8月4日螺旋状日冕物质抛射爆发事件

利用多卫星多波段的综合观测数据,通过追踪光球表面等离子体速度分析计算了耀斑爆发前后磁螺度的变化,发现耀斑爆发前活动区中光球表面存在强的水平剪切运动,活动区磁螺度的注入主要由这种剪切运动所产生;使用CESE-MHD-NLFFF重建了耀斑爆发前后活动区的磁场位形,推测出耀斑过程中存在磁绳结构的抛射.基于这些分析,给出了这一螺旋状抛射结构的形成机制：爆发前暗条西侧足点的持续剪切运动驱动磁通量绳增加扭转,高度扭缠的通量绳与东侧足点附近的开放磁力线重联并与东侧足点断开,进而向外抛出并伴随解螺旋运动.另外,利用1AU处WIND卫星的观测数据在对应的行星际日冕物质抛射中找到典型磁云的观测特征.这表明除了传统上双足点均在太阳表面的磁云模型,这种单足点固定于太阳表面的磁通量绳爆发图景同样可能在行星系际空间形成磁云结构.研究结果对进一步认识磁云结构具有重要意义.     

子午面太阳风结构及其对日冕抛射物运动的影响

本文提出了一种求解二维理想磁流体力学方程组的组合格式-网格方法。该方法在保证一定精度的前提下稳定性好,计算量小。文中使用该方法算得了子午面太阳风的盔状流动解。以该解作为初态,研究了盔状冕旒位形对日冕抛射物运动的影响,发现该位形使得抛射物向低纬赤道方向偏转,较好地解释了观测结果。     

行星际日冕物质抛射地磁效应研究的支持向量机方法初步研究

行星际日冕物质抛射（Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection,ICME）与地球磁层相互作用并带来地磁暴等地磁扰动.从Richardson和Cane提供的近地球ICME列表中筛选出ICME事件集,基于ICME扰动期间的行星际等离子体与磁场数据提取出特征.通过计算各特征的费舍尔分值（Fisher Score）,对这些特征进行选择,发现行星际磁场南北向分量持续时间小于-10nT且激波等扰动所带来的ICME扰动开始时,太阳风速度的增量等特征与ICME事件的地磁效应密切相关.这与现有的传统统计研究结果一致.以这些特征为基础,训练得到的径向基函数支持向量机能够以0.78±0.08的准确率判断ICME事件是否会产生中等及以上强度的地磁暴（Dst ≤-50nT）.     

两冕流间物质抛射事件的数值模拟

二维磁流体力学方程数值敢两冕流间的日冕物质抛射事件。为了能重现两冕流间ＣＭＥ的基本特征,本文在加入一定强度的扰动热压的同时,叠加了一个由圆线电流产生的闭合磁场。模拟结果表明,此类扰动能形成明显的高密度等离子体环形结构,且外环后随一暗脸。它们在径向和横向 都存在不同程度的膨胀。     

嵌套闭磁场日冕背景结构对触发CME特征的影响

在子午面内,研究具有嵌套闭磁场结构冕流背景对触发日冕物质抛射(CME)特征的影响.在冕流背景磁场结构内有三个小尺度的闭磁场结构,其中中间小尺度闭磁场结构的磁场方向和冕流整体偶极磁场方向相反.CME触发模型在这个小尺度闭磁场结构下方浮出,它具有同心圆形磁场结构,半径为a=0.1Rs(Rs为太阳半径);CME触发模型前半部分磁场方向和触发位置处小尺度闭磁场结构的磁场方向相反,与冕流整体偶极磁场方向相同.数值模拟结果表明,当CME触发模型中心等离子压力与边界压力之比m≥2时,上浮CME触发模型可以触发CME;当m＜2时,上浮CME触发模型不能触发CME,计算结论的误差小于1%.     

日冕物质抛射的磁绳正演法及源区投影修正方法的讨论

利用磁绳正演法(forward modeling)研究了2007---2008年STEREO卫星观测到的21个结构清晰的日冕物质抛射(CME)事件, 得到这些CME事件在三维空间的运动速度; 与根据STEREO A星和B星观测速度进行源区投影修正得到的结果进行比较, 发现这种源区投影修正方法存在很大的局限性. 统计结果表明, 当CME源区在日面上的日心角距(CME源区和日心连线与观测点和日心连线的夹角)大于50º时, 修正速度与三维速度之间的差别不大; 当日心角距小于这个值时, 修正速度与三维速度差别明显, 尤其对于小日心角距, 相差甚大. 统计结果还表明, 当日心角距大于65º时, A星和B星得到的投影速度与三维速度相近, 投影速度可以作为CME的三维速度.     

Short term topological changes of coronal holes associated with prominence eruptions and subsequent CMEs

We study the short-term topological changes of equatorial and polar coronal hole (CH) boundaries, such as a variation of their area and disintegration, associated to reconnection with nearby (within 15° distance) quiescent prominence magnetic fields leading to eruptions and subsequent Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). The examples presented here correspond to the recent solar minimum years 2008 and 2009. We consider a temporal window of one day between the CH topological changes and the start and end times of prominence eruptions and onset of CMEs. To establish this association we took into account observational conditions related to the instability of prominence/filaments, the occurrence of a CME, as well as the subsequent evolution after the CME. We found an association between short-term local topological changes in CH boundaries and the formation/disappearance of bright points near them, as well as, between short-term topological changes within the whole CH and eruptions of nearby quiescent prominences followed by the appearance of one or more CMEs.     

Coronal radio-sounding detection of a CME during the 1997 Galileo solar conjunction

Frequency fluctuations of the Galileo S-band radio signal were recorded nearly continuously during the spacecraft’s solar conjunction from December 1996 to February 1997. A strong propagating disturbance, most probably associated with a coronal mass ejection (CME), was detected on 7 February when the radio ray path proximate point was on the west solar limb at about 54 solar radii from the Sun. The CME passage through the line of sight is characterized by a significant increase in the fluctuation intensity of the recorded frequency and by an increase in the plasma speed from about 234 km s⁻¹ up to about 755 km s⁻¹. These velocity estimates are obtained from a correlation analysis of frequency fluctuations recorded simultaneously at two widely-separated ground stations. The density turbulence power spectrum is found to steepen behind the CME front. The Galileo radio-sounding data are compared with SOHO/LASCO observations of the CME in the corona and with WIND spacecraft data near the Earth’s orbit.     

Orientations of LASCO Halo CMEs and their connection to the flux rope structure of interplanetary CMEs

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed near the Sun via LASCO coronographic imaging are the most important solar drivers of geomagnetic storms. ICMEs, their interplanetary, near-Earth counterparts, can be detected in situ, for example, by the Wind and ACE spacecraft. An ICME usually exhibits a complex structure that very often includes a magnetic cloud (MC). They can be commonly modelled as magnetic flux ropes and there is observational evidence to expect that the orientation of a halo CME elongation corresponds to the orientation of the flux rope. In this study, we compare orientations of elongated CME halos and the corresponding MCs, measured by Wind and ACE spacecraft. We characterize the MC structures by using the Grad–Shafranov reconstruction technique and three MC fitting methods to obtain their axis directions. The CME tilt angles and MC fitted axis angles were compared without taking into account handedness of the underlying flux rope field and the polarity of its axial field. We report that for about 64% of CME–MC events, we found a good correspondence between the orientation angles implying that for the majority of interplanetary ejecta their orientations do not change significantly (less than 45 deg rotation) while travelling from the Sun to the near-Earth environment.     

Science objectives of the magnetic field experiment onboard Aditya-L1 spacecraft

The Aditya-L1 is first Indian solar mission scheduled to be placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrangian point (L1) of Sun-Earth system in the year 2018–19. The approved scientific payloads onboard Aditya-L1 spacecraft includes a Fluxgate Digital Magnetometer (FGM) to measure the local magnetic field which is necessary to supplement the outcome of other scientific experiments onboard. The in-situ vector magnetic field data at L1 is essential for better understanding of the data provided by the particle and plasma analysis experiments, onboard Aditya-L1 mission. Also, the dynamics of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) can be better understood with the help of in-situ magnetic field data at the L1 point region. This data will also serve as crucial input for the short lead-time space weather forecasting models.The proposed FGM is a dual range magnetic sensor on a 6?m long boom mounted on the Sun viewing panel deck and configured to deploy along the negative roll direction of the spacecraft. Two sets of sensors (tri-axial each) are proposed to be mounted, one at the tip of boom (6?m from the spacecraft) and other, midway (3?m from the spacecraft). The main science objective of this experiment is to measure the magnitude and nature of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) locally and to study the disturbed magnetic conditions and extreme solar events by detecting the CME from Sun as a transient event. The proposed secondary science objectives are to study the impact of interplanetary structures and shock solar wind interaction on geo-space environment and to detect low frequency plasma waves emanating from the solar corona at L1 point. This will provide a better understanding on how the Sun affects interplanetary space.In this paper, we shall give the main scientific objectives of the magnetic field experiment and brief technical details of the FGM onboard Aditya-1 spacecraft.     

太阳与内日球立体探测卫星计划科学目标建议

面向认知太阳风暴和保障航天安全的国家战略需求,中国近年来提出太阳与内日球立体探测卫星计划,拟适时部署环黄道面的拉格朗日点L3-L4-L5定点卫星星座和脱离黄道面的太阳极轨对偶卫星。通过该卫星计划的初步科学论证分析,建议将其科学目标凝练为太阳磁场、太阳风暴、太阳风,将其应用目标定位于日地空间天气预报,建议配置成像类、粒子类、波场类的综合科学载荷。此外,利用日地空间的三维磁流体数值模拟和计算机图形学的艺术可视化,形象地表达环黄道面卫星“对日凝视”和太阳极轨卫星“鸟瞰全景”的探测概念。中国太阳与内日球立体探测卫星计划将揭示太阳磁场的起源规律及其爆发机理、日地耦合系统的空间天气变化机理,并能够为日地空间天气三维数值建模提供观测数据驱动的初边值条件,必将极大推动空间天气的立体监测、前沿研究、精准预报的一体化进程。     

CME-geometry and cosmic-ray anisotropy observed by a prototype muon detector network

We analyze the cosmic-ray anisotropy observed by a prototype network of muon detectors during geomagnetic storms associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The network currently consists of multidirectional surface muon detectors at Nagoya (Japan) and Hobart (Australia), together with a prototype detector at São Martinho (Brazil) which has been in operation since March, 2001. In this report, we analyze the anisotropy recorded in both the muon detector and neutron monitor (the Spaceship Earth) networks and find significant enhancements of cosmic-ray anisotropy during geomagnetic storms. Following the analysis by Bieber and Evenson [Bieber, J.W., Evenson, P. CME geometry in relation to cosmic ray anisotropy. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (1998) 2955–2958] for the neutron monitor data at 10 GeV, we also derive cosmic-ray density gradients from muon data at higher-energy (50 GeV), possibly reflecting the larger-scale geometry of CMEs causing geomagnetic storms. We particularly find in some events the anisotropy enhancement clearly starting prior to the storm onset in both the muon and neutron data. This is the first result of the CME-geometry derived from simultaneous observations of the anisotropy with networks of multidirectional muon detectors and neutron monitors.