两冕流间的对称径向膨胀日冕物质抛射事件

本文讨论了发生在冕流对之间的1980年5月6日日冕物质抛射事件。提出了一种描述事件外环运动的经验模型,把环的观测外形表达为在运动坐标系中的Cassini函数。环的发展过程分为两个阶段:在前一阶段,外环处于冕流对盔状结构之间,事件的发展以角宽度膨胀为主,其对称轴从赤道向北纬方向移动;径向膨胀和上升速度较低,加速效应明显。在后一阶段,外环越过冕流盔状结构所在高度,角膨胀趋于停止;运动接近于等角宽度和纯径向匀速的膨胀和上升运动。当外环向外运动时,其顶部和几何中心的高度均随时间而增加,但其底部高度基本上保持不变。根据上述观测特征,讨论了事件形成的可能机制。      

缓变型太阳高能粒子事件特征时间及其经向分布

利用SOHO,STEREO高能粒子观测数据,对2011-2014年30个通量短时间内显著增强的缓变型太阳高能粒子（SEP）事件的两个特征时间（局地爆发时间,起始释放时间）及其经向分布进行统计分析.研究结果显示,多颗卫星同时观测到的SEP事件伴随的日冕物质抛射（CME）角宽明显较一般事件大,且基本都为Halo CME;不同卫星观测到的粒子通量局地增强时间差与卫星位置经度差明显线性正相关且东西不对称;局地爆发时间和起始释放时间相对于耀斑时间的延迟与卫星相对经度正相关;卫星所有能量通道的两个特征时间极差与卫星相对经度呈现较好的正相关,这表明不同能量SEP释放的时间跨度具有明显经度差异;高低能释放时间差与CME速度正相关.这些结论表明,SEP事件的两个特征时间具有明显的经向依赖性,并都与CME速度相关.      

米波Ⅲ型爆发与日冕物质抛射

对澳大利亚Culgoora天文台射电频谱仪在太阳活动第23周峰年期间记录到的米波Ⅲ型爆发(20～420 MHz),与日冕物质抛射(CME)、Hα耀斑及相关事件进行了统计分析,发现米波Ⅲ型爆发与CME的关系没有Ⅱ、Ⅳ型爆发与CME的关系密切;米波Ⅲ型爆发发生的时间在CME之前25～30 min最多;72%的CME事件伴随长寿命的Hα耀斑.从这些观测特征出发,对米波Ⅲ型爆发、CME和Hα耀斑进行了定性的解释.      

日冕物质抛射在太阳活动周期内的变化

本文利用SMM1980年和1984年观测的两组日冕物质抛射事件(CMF)及同期耀斑和爆发日珥观测资料,从速度、位置及活动相关率三个方面分析CME在这两个不同时期的特征,并由此推测它在整个太阳活动周内的变化趋势.      

高频Alfven波供能的日冕及太阳风模型

空间探测的最新结果表明，太阳大气中广泛存在小尺度喷发事件，这些事件被认为是由新浮现磁通量导致的小尺度磁重联的表现．小尺度磁重联同时会产生高频Alfven波．本文给出了建立在上述思想基础上的描述日冕加热及太阳风加速的时变二元流体模型的一组数值解，显示解的时间演化、收敛特性及守恒特性．在对由过渡区发出的高频Alfven波频谱的适当假设下，数值解能够解释日冕及太阳风等多方面的观测结果，包括日冕加热，极冕洞密度径向变化，太阳风近日冕底部加速，及在03AU观测到的高速流特征．     

日冕膨胀和太阳角动量向行星际空间的转移

本文讨论了日冕膨胀中的角动量问题。利用大量I型彗尾资料的计算,证实了日冕膨胀中方位分量的存在;它不仅是随机量,而是具有大小为9.8km/s的定常量。太阳演化到主序星阶段以来,由于日冕膨胀丢失了80％的角动量,太阳自转角速度正以指数律下降。因此,这将对太阳动力演化起到很大的影响。     

2011年8月4日螺旋状日冕物质抛射爆发事件

利用多卫星多波段的综合观测数据,通过追踪光球表面等离子体速度分析计算了耀斑爆发前后磁螺度的变化,发现耀斑爆发前活动区中光球表面存在强的水平剪切运动,活动区磁螺度的注入主要由这种剪切运动所产生;使用CESE-MHD-NLFFF重建了耀斑爆发前后活动区的磁场位形,推测出耀斑过程中存在磁绳结构的抛射.基于这些分析,给出了这一螺旋状抛射结构的形成机制:爆发前暗条西侧足点的持续剪切运动驱动磁通量绳增加扭转,高度扭缠的通量绳与东侧足点附近的开放磁力线重联并与东侧足点断开,进而向外抛出并伴随解螺旋运动.另外,利用1AU处WIND卫星的观测数据在对应的行星际日冕物质抛射中找到典型磁云的观测特征.这表明除了传统上双足点均在太阳表面的磁云模型,这种单足点固定于太阳表面的磁通量绳爆发图景同样可能在行星系际空间形成磁云结构.研究结果对进一步认识磁云结构具有重要意义.      

日冕瞬变的观测特征和理论解释

本文综述了日冕瞬变现象的主要观测特征及其理论模型.日冕瞬变是从太阳日冕中向行星际空间大量抛出物质的过程,每次事件可有5×1015克的物质在103秒的时间内以约500公里/秒的典型速度被驱动流到日球中.日冕瞬变与太阳耀斑和爆发日珥事件有密切的相关性.作为一种新的太阳活动现象,近年来对日冕瞬变提出了许多理论解释.一种数值模拟方法将瞬变看成是由于热力学量或磁力在日冕底部的脉冲增长所产生的结果.许多分析模型认为是由磁环内部的电磁力或外部的磁压力驱动所致,或者是环中磁浮力驱动的结果.考虑到瞬变与耀斑和爆发日珥的相关性,活塞驱动模型认为,瞬变是稠密等离子体喷射,像活塞驱动机制.观测和理论都有待于进一步的研究.      

掀起太阳神秘的面纱

太阳是我们唯一能观测到表面细节的恒星,我们直接观测到的太阳的大气层,从里向外分为光球、色球和日冕三层。就总体而言,太阳是一个稳定、平衡、发光的气体球,但它的大气层中有些地方却时常产生剧烈的运动,如黑子群的神秘出没、日珥的变化、耀斑的爆发。     

基于Green函数法的太阳高能粒子行星际扩散过程模拟

统计分析了自1976-2017年期间记录到的217次SEP(Solar Energetic Particle)事件的日冕足点经度位置,其分布特征符合日冕横向分布的东西效应,同时基于两相传输模型及其Green函数解,对发生在不同日冕足点的四次SEP事件进行了模拟研究.模拟与观测结果表现一致,表明该模型能够较好地模拟发生在...     

Research on a complex CME event including Hα, LASCO, radio and MDI observations

We present our research on a fast and decelerating partial halo coronal mass ejection (CME) event detected in multi-wavelengths in the chromosphere and the corona on 14 October, 1999. The event involved a whole complex active area which spanned more than 40° of heliolongitude. It included a strong solar flare (XI/1N) and a complex eruptive filament within an active region of the entire complex. Especially, several radio sources were detected in the decimetric range prior to the CME by the Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH). A linear force-free field extrapolation of the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) magnetogram was performed to calculate the magnetic topology of the complex prior to the triggering of the event. The presence of a coronal null point combined with the occurrence of two distant and nearly simultaneous radio sources put strong arguments in favor of the generalized breakout model for the triggering of the eruption. The analysis of the subsequent development of the event suggests that large interconnecting loops were ejected together with the CME.     

Some statistical properties of transequatorial loops

Yohkoh soft X-ray telescope brought plenty of high quality images, it provides a good chance to research coronal loops, especially for transequatorial loops (TLs). In this paper, we focus on the statistical results of TLs including static properties and dynamic properties.

There are two types of classification about TLs: according to configuration and according to magnetic polarities of footpoints, respectively. The footpoints of TLs never root in sunspot, in a general way, they exist in moderately strong field. The mean separation value of TLs is close to 30° and the separation value varies with solar cycle. The helicity patterns of active regions connected by TLs are discussed, the mean twist value of TLs is close to zero. The formation of TLs is generally thought to be caused by magnetic reconnection, the relationship of TLs eruption with flare and CME is introduced.     

两冕流间物质抛射事件的数值模拟

二维磁流体力学方程数值敢两冕流间的日冕物质抛射事件。为了能重现两冕流间ＣＭＥ的基本特征,本文在加入一定强度的扰动热压的同时,叠加了一个由圆线电流产生的闭合磁场。模拟结果表明,此类扰动能形成明显的高密度等离子体环形结构,且外环后随一暗脸。它们在径向和横向 都存在不同程度的膨胀。     

日球基本参数的冕洞周变化与冕洞大气

本文利用MHD波与日冕大气耦合的磁流体动力学方程组,计算得到冕洞内的日冕大气的温度T、密度N和流速V的分布.根据这些量的分布特点,认为日球基本参数T、N和V的冕洞周变化,可以用冕洞磁场的非径向因子a值,随黑子活动的下降而变小来解释.      

Relation between solar wind velocity and properties of its source region

Different kinds of coronal holes are sources of different kind of solar winds. A successful solar wind acceleration model should be able to explain all those solar winds. For the modeling it is important to find a universal relation between the solar wind physical parameters, such as velocity, and coronal physical parameters such as magnetic field energy. To clarify the physical parameters which control the solar wind velocity, we have studied the relation between solar wind velocity and properties of its source region such as photospheric/coronal magnetic field and the size of each coronal hole during the solar minimum. The solar wind velocity structures were derived by using interplanetary scintillation tomography obtained at Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Japan. Potential magnetic fields were calculated to identify the source region of the solar wind. HeI 1083 nm absorption line maps obtained at Kitt Peak National Solar Observatory were used to identify coronal holes. As a result, we found a relation during solar minimum between the solar wind velocity and the coronal magnetic condition which is applicable to different kind of solar winds from different kind of coronal holes.     

CMEs and active regions on the sun

The relationship between active regions (ARs) and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is studied. For this purpose a statistical analysis of 694 CMEs associated with ARs was carried out. We considered the relationship between properties of the CMEs and ARs characterized using the McIntosh classification. We demonstrated that CMEs are likely to be launched from ARs in the mature phase of their evolution when they have complex magnetic field. The fastest and halo CMEs can be ejected only from the most complex ARs (when an AR is a bipolar group of spots with large asymmetric penumbras around the main spot with many smaller spots in the group). We also showed that the wider events have a tendency to originate from uncomplicated magnetic structures. This tendency was used for estimation of the real angular widths of the halo CMEs. The probability of launching of fast CMEs increases together with increase of the complexity and size of ARs. The widest, but slow, CMEs originate from the simplest magnetic structure which are still able to produce CMEs. Our results could be useful for forecasting of space weather.     

On the nature of coronal loops above the quiet sun network

The structure and dynamics of a box in a stellar corona can be modeled employing a 3D MHD model for different levels of magnetic activity. Depending on the magnetic flux through the surface the nature of the resulting coronal structures can be quite different. We investigate a model of an active region for two sunspots surrounded by magnetic field patches comparable in magnetic flux to the sunspots. The model results in emission from the model corona being concentrated in loop structures. In Gudiksen and Nordlund (2005) the loops seen in EUV and X-ray emission outline the magnetic field, following the general paradigm. However, in our model, where the magnetic field is far from a force-free state, the loops seen in X-ray emission do not follow the magnetic field lines. This result is of interest especially for loops as found in areas where the magnetic field emerging from active regions interacts with the surrounding network.     

Emission heights of coronal bright points on Fe XII radiance map

The study of coronal bright points (BPs) is important for understanding coronal heating and the origin of the solar wind. Previous studies indicated that coronal BPs have a highly significant tendency to coincide with magnetic neutral lines in the photosphere. Here we further studied the emission heights of the BPs above the photosphere in the bipolar magnetic loops that are apparently associated with them. As BPs are seen in projection against the disk their true emission heights are unknown. The correlation of the BP locations on the Fe XII radiance map from EIT with the magnetic field features (in particular neutral lines) was investigated in detail. The coronal magnetic field was determined by an extrapolation of the photospheric field (derived from 2-D magnetograms obtained from the Kitt Peak observatory) to different altitudes above the disk. It was found that most BPs sit on or near a photospheric neutral line, but that the emission occurs at a height of about 5 Mm. Some BPs, while being seen in projection, still seem to coincide with neutral lines, although their emission takes place at heights of more than 10 Mm. Such coincidences almost disappear for emissions above 20 Mm. We also projected the upper segments of the 3-D magnetic field lines above different heights, respectively, on to the tangent x–y plane, where x is in the east–west and y in the south–north direction. The shape of each BP was compared with the respective field-line segment nearby. This comparison suggests that most coronal BPs are actually located on the top of their associated magnetic loops. Finally, we calculated for each selected BP region the correlation coefficient between the Fe XII intensity enhancement and the horizontal component of the extrapolated magnetic field vector at the same x–y position in planes of different heights, respectively. We found that for almost all the BP regions we studied the correlation coefficient, with increasing height, increases to a maximal value and then decreases again. The height corresponding to this maximum was defined as the correlation height, which for most bright points was found to range below 20 Mm.     

Evolution of coronal mass ejection/shock system in interplanetary space

The evolution of coronal mass ejection/shock system is investigated by numerically solving the usual set of two-dimensional single-fluid polytropic magnetohydrodynamic equations from 1 R_s to 1 AU in the meridian plane. The simulation result reveals that the coronal mass ejection/shock system formed near the sun evolves into the magnetic cloud/shock system near the earth’s orbit through the following three phases: the initial formation, the dominant latitudinal expansion and the similar expansion.