根据线性迭加理论实现微小卫星姿态磁控制

根据地磁力矩定向阻尼特性和线性迭加理论,提出仅用磁力矩器实现对地指向微小卫星三轴姿态稳定的控制律。推导了采用迭加补偿,并考虑附加磁矩影响时改进的卫星姿态动力学方程。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该控制律简单、姿态控制精度高。     

布哈什卡拉(Bhaskara)卫星采用磁偏置控制

轨道退行(orbit regression)会使卫星自旋轴偏离轨道法线。扰动力矩,例如气动力矩,重力梯度力矩,太阳辐射压力力矩和磁力矩,也能引起自旋轴的漂移。印度地球观测实验卫星Bhaskara是近地圆轨道自旋稳定卫星,其自旋轴沿轨道法线定向,采用冷气推进系统来控制其自旋轴的定向和自旋速率。对于该卫星而言,每一自旋周期内重力梯度力矩平均为零。气动力矩是个以轨道频率旋转的矢量,故净漂移很小,在设计阶     

微型固体推进器阵列与磁力矩器联合姿态控制方法

针对传统皮纳卫星姿态控制系统中磁力矩器输出力矩小、姿态控制响应慢等问题，提出一种微型固体推进器阵列与磁力矩器联合姿态控制方法，提高了控制精度，缩短了控制周期，并利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了算法的稳定性。首先建立微型固体推进器阵列优化点火模型，然后给出其补偿控制时间设置方法，并推导出大角速度阻尼控制律和辅助速度阻尼控制律，同时设计了基于混合系统模型的姿态捕获联合控制律，最后通过仿真验证了速度阻尼联合控制律和姿态捕获联合控制律的有效性。仿真结果表明，相较于传统的纯磁控方法，联合控制方法能够有效提高控制精度，大幅度缩短控制周期。     

一种用磁力矩器控制卫星姿态的新方法

本文研究如何用磁力矩器控制极地轨道上对地指向卫星的姿态。由于地磁场的方向在轨道上周期变化，卫星的姿态动力方程是一个线性周期系统。本文采用块能控标准形和滑动模态的设计思想，提出了种开关控制方法，可以保证线性周期系统的稳定性。文中给出一个仿真例子验证了此方法的有效性。     

基于重力梯度杆和磁铁的小卫星三轴姿态控制

运用卫星低轨道两个主要环境力矩（重力梯度矩和地磁力矩）对圆轨道卫星三轴姿态进行被动控制。利用重力梯度矩实现卫星对地指向：卫星上的永久磁铁获取所需的地磁力矩,稳定偏航姿态。给出卫星的姿态分析,并给出仿真结果。从分析和仿真结果可以看出,此卫星具有结构简单、时刻对地定向、低轨道倾角时卫星姿态稳定精度较高的优点。     

基于磁强计卫星初始入轨速率阻尼控制

对三轴稳定对地定向卫星初始入轨基于磁强计的速率阻尼控制进行了研究。当在小采样时间间隔条件下 ,地磁场矢量在惯性坐标系下的变化可以忽略 ,采用磁强计连续测量地球磁场获得姿态数据 ,通过推广卡尔曼滤波建立了较完整和准确的姿态估计器模型。设计了喷气推力器控制规律 ,通过数学仿真表明本文提出的算法能够替代陀螺对卫星初始入轨的姿态进行速率阻尼 ,满足卫星控制精度要求     

基于能量最优解析解的飞轮磁卸载方法

为改善传统卫星飞轮磁卸载,提出了一种基于能量最优解析解的磁卸载法。根据在轨卫星所处地磁场强度的变化规律,将卫星磁力矩器产生的磁矩作傅里叶级数展开,按卫星飞行一圈所需卸载的角动量由最优控制理论求出三轴磁矩的解析解。证明了该卸载法的稳定性,估算了干扰力矩及其作用,讨论了轨道倾角的影响,并给出了小倾角时的修正飞轮卸载控制律。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该飞轮卸载法简单且节能,效果明显优于传统的磁卸载法。     

采用单轴双太阳帆板空间站的一种姿态定向模式

采用单轴双帆板供电和单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)作为执行机构的倾斜轨道空间站,当太阳方向与轨道面夹角较大时,帆板的光照条件不易保证,为此本文针对这种类型的空间站设计了一种姿态定向模式以保证帆板的光照条件,并通过在阴影区姿态机动,利用重力梯度力矩对SGCMG进行卸载。仿真结果表明,该姿态定向模式满足太阳帆板的光照条件,重力梯度力矩卸载方法保证了SGCMG中的角动量不超出给定的范围。     

基于联合飞轮和磁力矩器的航天器姿态控制算法研究

研究了航天器姿态控制过程中,在姿态捕获阶段单独使用磁力矩器对航天器进行粗定向,在姿态调整阶段联合使用磁力矩器和反作用飞轮对航天器进行控制的问题。建立了反作用飞轮作为执行机构的姿态动力学模型。根据Lyapunov稳定性原理,设计了输入控制器和参数自适应律。将该算法应用于航天器姿态控制过程。仿真结果表明,该算法简单、有效、实用性强。     

磁控微小卫星速率阻尼和姿态捕获研究

针对非重力梯度稳定、偏置动量轮加三轴磁控的微小卫星初始姿态控制阶段，采用B-dot控制进行速率阻尼，设计了滑模控制律进行姿态捕获。除了磁控阻尼-捕获-动量轮起旋外，还首次提出了B-dot加动量轮常速起旋、磁控加动量轮姿态捕获的新方法。仿真结果表明，纯磁控的B-dot方法能有效得进行速率阻尼，滑模控制捕获姿态精度高、时间短；B-dot阻尼同时进行动量轮开环起旋，可以迅速使姿态稳定，滑模磁控律可以有效得对偏置动量卫星进行大角度姿态控制，尤其该新方法操作简捷，明显减少初态控制时间。     

高精度飞轮控制系统方案分析研究

卫星姿态控制是卫星控制领域里的最重要的一个方面 ,用于保证卫星的正常工作。一般的卫星姿态控制都采用飞轮控制方案 ,所采用的飞轮有磁悬浮飞轮和普通飞轮两种。虽然磁悬浮飞轮能克服飞轮自身摩擦力对卫星姿态的影响 ,但是磁悬浮飞轮在制造、工艺等方面要求高 ,而且成本昂贵。本文讨论了采用直流无刷电机控制普通飞轮的方案中关于转速和电流这两个关键参数的高精度控制问题 ,并给出了实际可行的解决方法。这些方法已在某型卫星上得到了部分应用。     

一种新型充气式重力梯度杆的研制和在轨展开试验

文章对中国“新技术验证一号”卫星搭载的一种新型充气式重力梯度杆的研制和在轨试验情况进行了介绍。重力梯度杆在小卫星控制领域中具有较好的应用前景,而充气结构具有轻质、占用空间小、发射成本低的特点,采用充气式重力梯度杆可避免传统机械式重力梯度杆质量重、尺寸大和机构复杂的缺点,它以充气伸展臂为主要结构形式,通过充气展开伸直成为重力梯度杆,既作为卫星重力梯度杆又通过在轨试验验证空间充气展开结构的性能。在轨试验结果表明充气式重力梯度杆展开稳定、有序、性能可靠,可以满足小卫星的性能和功能要求。该试验也是中国首个成功的充气展开结构在轨技术验证试验,标志着中国的充气展开结构技术初步具备了工程化能力。     

重力场测量卫星应用电推进技术

全球重力场的精确测量对于地球物理学、卫星定轨等均有至关重要的意义。对于全球重力场测量卫星而言,其姿态和轨道的保持精度直接影响着全球重力场测量的精度。从重力场测量卫星要求出发,对卫星参数进行了假设,对重力场测量卫星采用离子推进技术的适用性进行了分析。     

基于切变流形函数和模糊控制的微小卫星姿态磁控制

研究了一种用李亚普诺夫方法和模糊控制理论实现微小卫星姿态磁控制的方法。通过构造李亚普诺夫函数给出切变流形函数,获得了一开关控制,并从理论上证明了系统的收敛性。用模糊控制法消除常规开关控制固有的抖振,给出了模糊控制律。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该姿态磁控制方法简单、姿态精度高、鲁棒性强,可用于微小卫星的姿态磁控制。     

Passive Magnetic Attitude Control System for the Munin Nanosatellite

The instrumental and applied problems related to the design of a passive magnetic attitude control system for the Munin nanosatellite are considered. The system is constructed from a strong permanent magnet and a set of hysteresis rods. These rods are made of magnetically soft material using a special technology, and they allow us to support the satellite orientation with respect to the local magnetic field vector with a given accuracy and time response. By using asymptotic and numerical methods, we investigate the satellite dynamics for different models of hysteresis. The issues concerning the arrangement of the rods and their interaction with the fields of permanent magnets mounted onboard the satellite are discussed.     

Magnetic dipole moment estimation and compensation for an accurate attitude control in nano-satellite missions

Nano-satellites provide space access to broader range of satellite developers and attract interests as an application of the space developments. These days several new nano-satellite missions are proposed with sophisticated objectives such as remote-sensing and observation of astronomical objects. In these advanced missions, some nano-satellites must meet strict attitude requirements for obtaining scientific data or images. For LEO nano-satellite, a magnetic attitude disturbance dominates over other environmental disturbances as a result of small moment of inertia, and this effect should be cancelled for a precise attitude control. This research focuses on how to cancel the magnetic disturbance in orbit. This paper presents a unique method to estimate and compensate the residual magnetic moment, which interacts with the geomagnetic field and causes the magnetic disturbance. An extended Kalman filter is used to estimate the magnetic disturbance. For more practical considerations of the magnetic disturbance compensation, this method has been examined in the PRISM (Pico-satellite for Remote-sensing and Innovative Space Missions). This method will be also used for a nano-astrometry satellite mission. This paper concludes that use of the magnetic disturbance estimation and compensation are useful for nano-satellites missions which require a high accurate attitude control.     

Satellite Angular Motion under the Action of SDOT Magnetic One Axis Sun Acquisition Algorithm

Cosmic Research - Numerical simulation of satellite stabilization towards the Sun for the batteries charge is performed. The magnetic attitude control system implements the Sdot algorithm. It...     

Effects of uncertainties and flexible dynamic contributions on the control of a spacecraft full-coupled model

One of the most important problems for performing a good design of the spacecraft attitude control law is connected to its robustness when some uncertainty parameters are present on the inertial and/or on the elastic characteristics of a satellite. These uncertainties are generally intrinsic on the modeling of complex structures and in the case of large flexible structures they can be also attributed to secondary effects associated to the elasticity. One of the most interesting issues in modeling large flexible space structures is associated to the evaluation of the inertia tensor which in general depends not only on the geometric ‘fixed’ characteristic of the satellite but also on its elastic displacements which of course in turn modify the ‘shape’ of the satellite. Usually these terms can be considered of a second order of magnitude if compared with the ones associated to the rigid part of a structure. However the increasing demand on the dimension of satellites due to the presence for instance of very large solar arrays (necessary to generate power) and/or large antennas has the necessity to investigate their effects on their global dynamic behavior in more details as a consequence. In the present paper a methodology based on classical Lagrangian approach coupled with a standard Finite Element tool has been used to derive the full dynamic equations of an orbiting flexible satellite under the actions of gravity, gravity gradient forces and attitude control. A particular attention has been paid to the study of the effects of flexibility on the inertial terms of the spacecraft which, as well known, influence its attitude dynamic behavior. Furthermore the effects of the attitude control authority and its robustness to the uncertainties on inertial and elastic parameters has been investigated and discussed.