冷轧变形对Inconel 718合金δ相γ″相析出行为的影响

采用Ｘ射线衍射技术测定了冷轧Ｉｎｃｏｎｅｌ７１８合金在８６０℃加热温度下的δ相和γ″相含量，研究了冷轧变形对δ相和γ″相析出行为的影响。结果表明，冷轧变形影响δ相的析出形貌，随冷轧变形量增加，δ相由针状向颗粒状转变。δ相析出的重量百分数与时间的关系符合Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程，随冷轧变形量增加，ｎ值减小，α值增加。在８６０℃加热温度下，等温１５ｍｉｎ时已有γ″相析出，随时间增加，γ″相含量增加，达到最大值后又降低。在试验中给定的时间条件下，随冷轧变形量增加，γ″相含量降低，而δ相含量增加。     

冷轧变形量和热处理状态对GH4169合金板材组织及硬度的影响

对GH4169合金开展不同变形量的冷轧和热处理实验，分析不同冷轧变形量和随后的不同热处理状态对板材显微组织及硬度的影响。不同冷轧变形量研究结果表明：随着变形量的增加，冷轧板材中的位错密度升高并形成滑移带，织构组织逐渐增强，退火孪晶界逐渐消失，板材硬度随之增大。不同热处理状态研究分析表明：980℃×10 min固溶处理后，变形量小于20%时，板材中仍残留有变形晶粒和位错，随着变形量增加再结晶逐渐发生，晶粒度尺寸逐渐细化，板材硬度随变形量的增加而升高；变形量达到25%以上时，固溶态板材可完成再结晶，变形晶粒和冷作硬化基本消除，板材的硬度降低至未变形的水平并且不随变形量增加而改变；时效热处理后板材中析出γ’’和γ’强化相，板材硬度显著高于冷轧态和固溶处理态且硬度基本不受冷轧变形量的影响；GH4169合金在980℃下固溶处理而发生再结晶的冷轧变形量门槛值处于5%～10%范围内，完全再结晶的冷轧变形量门槛值为25%左右。综合考虑实际生产情况，GH4169合金板材优化的制备工艺为冷轧变形量大于25%，相应的固溶处理制度宜选择为980℃×10 min。     

冷轧变形对Inconel 718合金δ相γ″相析出行为的影响

采用X射线衍射技术测定了冷轧Inconel718合金在860℃加热温度下的δ相和γ″相含量,研究了冷轧变形对δ相和γ″相析出行为的影响。结果表明,冷轧变形影响δ相的析出形貌,随冷轧变形量增加,δ相由针状向颗粒状转变。δ相析出的重量百分数与时间的关系符合Avrami方程,随冷轧变形量增加,n值减小,α值增加。在860℃加热温度下,等温15min时已有γ″相析出,随时间增加,γ″相含量增加,达到最大值后又降低。在试验中给定的时间条件下,随冷轧变形量增加,γ″相含量降低,而δ相含量增加。     

Iconel718合金的定量相分析

给出了Ｉｎｃｏｎｅｌ７１８合金奥氏体点阵参数与δ，γ″，γ′相含量的关系式，并借助Ｘ射线衍射技术及奥氏体点阵参数与δ，γ″，γ′相含量的关系确定了Ｉｎｃｏｎｅｌ７１８合金中析出相的含量。     

热变形工艺对FGH96高温合金PPB析出相及组织的影响

以AA粉制备的HIP态FGH96高温合金为研究对象,研究不同热变形工艺前后FGH96高温合金PPB析出物及组织状态的变化。结果表明:HIP态FGH96高温合金可见呈圆形分布的PPB析出物,粗大的长条状γ′相呈圆形链状分布是PPB的主要特征之一;经热变形后,FGH96高温合金PPB变形、破碎,再结晶晶粒细化、扭转,晶粒取向差变小;随着热变形温度升高、变形量增大、变形速率减小,PPB析出物变形和破碎程度越显著,粗大的初生γ′相和二次γ′相残留越少、尺寸越小;热变形温度升高、变形量增大以及变形速率减小有利于PPB的减轻甚至消除。     

GH141合金工艺特性研究

研究了GH141变形高温合金的冷加工硬化特性、静态再结晶及热处理对合金硬度、组织的影响。结果表明,GH141合金固溶温度须在1060℃温度以上,在1060℃保温4min硬度才出现较显著下降;冷却速度对硬度影响显著,水冷软化效果明显好于空冷;1000℃以上退火,冷却速度的影响超过了热处理温度的影响,说明冷却过程中析出硬化掩盖了热处理软化效果;γ′大幅度回溶需1050℃以上;冷变形后的合金在1050℃即能完成再结晶,1120℃以上会发生晶粒长大。     

镍基单晶高温合金DD6的表面再结晶(英文)

对单晶高温合金DD6进行吹砂处理,然后在真空条件下对单晶合金吹砂试样进行标准热处理以及在1000-1250℃温度范围内加热4h-16h,采用SEM、HRSEM以及TEM研究了DD6合金的表面再结晶行为。结果表明,等轴状再结晶在γ′相完全溶解的γ相中形成,而胞状再结晶在γ′相部分溶解的区域形成。胞状再结晶由胞状粒子组成,而胞状粒子由立方化的γ′相,长条状的γ′相以及γ+γ′组成。等轴状再结晶与胞状再结晶共存是冷变形单晶合金在低于固溶温度条件下加热时的再结晶特征。加热温度高于1150℃,随着加热温度的升高,等轴状再结晶区域逐渐增大,而胞状再结晶区域逐渐减小。在固溶温度条件下,整个变形区域都形成了等轴状再结晶     

不同热处理温度对吹砂后DD3合金持久性能的影响

对标准热处理后的第一代单晶高温合金DD3吹砂,然后采用不同温度进行热处理,研究了吹砂后热处理温度对合金1000℃/195 MPa持久性能的影响.结果表明,1050℃时,合金未发生再结晶,但析出粗大γ′相,持久性能有所降低;1150℃时,合金发生再结晶,再结晶使合金的持久性能明显降低;1250℃时,合金也发生再结晶,但由于合金母体组织均匀,γ′相细化且立方化较好,致使该条件下合金持久性能仍然保持在较高水平.     

应力时效对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金组织与性能的影响

采用硬度测试、光学显微镜、透射电镜等研究了时效过程中外加应力对A l-Cu-Mg-Ag合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明,在应力时效和无应力时效的条件下,合金组织中均发生了完全再结晶,时效过程中施加外应力没有改变合金再结晶晶粒的形貌,但对析出相有较大影响。在应力时效条件下,合金中θ′相和Ω相均沿某一方向呈择优取向析出,即有应力位向效应产生。应力时效能够促进θ′相的析出,而抑制Ω相的析出,合金的峰值硬度也有所降低。这可能是由于在应力时效初期引入了大量的位错,为θ′相的异相形核提供了有利的位置,从而使与θ′相具有相同化学成分的Ω相的析出受到抑制。这一点从时效前预拉伸(变形量为6%)能够使θ′相数量增多而Ω相数量减少,且硬度略有降低得到验证。在应力时效过程中,位错的存在不利于溶质原子的扩散,阻碍了原子团簇的形成,从而延缓了合金中强化相的析出。     

固溶前退火处理对2050铝锂合金冷轧薄板力学性能与组织的影响

采用拉伸性能测试、电子背散射衍射分析(EBSD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM),研究了固溶前退火处理(300℃/4 h,400℃/2 h)对2050铝锂合金冷轧薄板T8时效后力学性能、晶粒组织和析出相的影响。研究结果表明:固溶前退火处理导致2050铝锂合金冷轧薄板固溶态不完全再结晶数量增多,晶粒长厚比增大,小角度晶界比例增加,同时使合金Goss织构密度增大。T8时效后主要强化相为T_1相和θ′相。固溶前退火处理可导致后续T8时效时T_1相在不同{111}_(Al)面上析出差异,其中部分{111}_(Al)面上T_1相析出减少,而预拉伸变形时承受高分切应力{111}_(Al)面上T_1相析出增加,从而影响合金的力学性能。固溶前300℃/4 h退火处理可使T8时效后合金屈服强度和抗拉强度提高,伸长率基本保持不变。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.