低纬Pi2地磁脉动的东西方向传播特性

１９９６年１０月至１１月２９日在地磁北纬２９．６°附近的新疆喀什,甘肃安西和北京,沿东西方向建立了地磁脉动观测台链。根据观测数据,研究了低纬Ｐｉ２脉动东西方向的传播和性和偏振特性,发现黄昏区以东向传播的右旋偏振为主。     

基于一维残差卷积神经网络的Pi2脉动识别模型

Pi2脉动是一种不规则的超低频波(Ultra-Low Frequency, ULF), 是磁层与电离层耦合的重要瞬态响应, 其发生与亚暴爆发有密切的关系. Pi2脉动作为地球磁层中的一种扰动现象, 其发生信号隐藏在地磁场分量观测数据中. 面对持续增长的观测数据量, 如何有效地判断某段地磁场分量观测数据中是否有Pi2脉动发生, 是构建Pi2脉动识别模型的关键. 利用子午工程磁通门磁力仪观测的地磁场分量数据, 基于一维残差卷积神经网络(One-Dimensional Residual Convolutional Neural Network, 1D-ResCNN), 构建了一个端到端的Pi2脉动识别模型, 用于判别某段地磁场分量观测数据中是否有Pi2脉动发生. 实验结果表明, 该模型与现有公开发表的Pi2脉动机器学习识别模型相比, 具有更高的识别准确率和更低的虚报率、漏报率.     

行星际磁场（IMF）By分量对磁正午前后区极光嘶声发生率的调制

利用南极极点站（磁纬约７５°）１９８６年３１－３８ｋＨｚ频率的ＶＬＦ波数据和卫星观测的ＩＭＦＢｙ分量数据,分析研究了ＩＭＦ晨昏分量Ｂｙ对高纬ＶＬＦ极光嘶声统计发生率周日分布的影响。结果发现,Ｂｙ对极光嘶声的统计发生率的磁地方对（ＭＬＴ）分布有明显的调制作用。磁正午前后的ＶＬＦ统计发生率不对称,Ｂｙ为正,午后发生率大于午前,Ｂｙ为负,午前发生率大于午后,Ｂｙ极性对夜侧ＶＬＦ发生频次的磁地方时分布也有     

中低纬度Pc3-4地磁脉动特性研究——子午工程数据分析初步结果

利用新建成的子午工程地磁台站数据,对比分析了地磁平静期间(2011年3月20-27日)和磁暴期间(2011年9月25日至10月1日)Pc3-4地磁脉动的时空分布特征及其对行星际条件的响应.数据分析结果表明,中低纬度(1.3<L<2.3,L为磁壳参数)的Pc3-4地磁脉动在这两个时期内的分布存在明显的晨昏不对称性,在昼侧前出现明显的Pc3-4地磁脉动并与行星际上游波动密切相关,其振幅增强可能与太阳风动压脉冲相关,高速太阳风更易导致Pc3-4地磁脉动;而对于近赤道低纬(L<1.3)区域,无论是在地磁平静期还是磁暴期均未能观测到Pc3-4地磁脉动,Pc3-4地磁脉动存在明显的纬度效应.     

IMF北向时太阳风粒子向磁层输运的试验粒子模拟研究

以ACE卫星实时观测数据驱动的全球磁流体模拟为背景场,选取2003年10月22－24日行星际磁场（IMF）持续北向的事件,使用试验粒子方法,对太阳风粒子向磁层输运的过程进行模拟研究,分析北向IMF下太阳风粒子注入磁层过程中粒子在磁层内的空间分布和时间演化特征。IMF北向期间,进入环电流区域的粒子在晨侧区域的密度大于昏侧,且晨侧的粒子分布范围更广。背阳面磁鞘中的太阳风粒子可以通过低纬边界层进入磁层,但很难通过南北侧磁层顶进入磁层。进入磁尾的太阳风粒子聚集形成冷而密的等离子体片（CDPS）,模拟中CDPS的空间分布和密度大小与观测数据符合。在IMF长时间北向期间,磁尾的粒子数量呈现随时间增长的趋势,并存在约20 min的小幅度准周期变化和约5~6 h的较大幅度的准周期变化。     

利用THEMIS卫星观测结果分析亚暴期间等离子体片尾向膨胀

利用THEMIS卫星观测结果,分析2008年3月13日10：40UT-12：10UT的一次中等亚暴事件在磁尾的全球演化过程.在该过程中,THEMIS的5颗卫星在午夜区附近沿x轴依次排列,离地心距离约8.7~13.2R_e.亚暴触发开始后,磁场偶极化和等离子体片的膨胀依次被在磁尾不同位置的卫星观测到.等离子体尾向膨胀的平均速度约为140km·s^-1.在此次亚暴事件中可观测到两种类型的偶极化.一种为偶极化锋面,其与爆发性整体流（BBF）密切相关;另一种为全球偶极化,其与等离子体片的膨胀密切相关.亚暴触发开始约7min后,THEMIS卫星在低中高纬都可以观测到Pi2脉动的发生,且Pi2脉动的振幅随着纬度的升高逐渐变大.此次亚暴事件中的离子整体流速度主要是由离子电漂移速度引起的,测得的电场为局地磁通量变化导致的感应电场.     

Magnetic storm cessation during sustained northward IMF

Times of sustained strong northward IMF can interrupt the magnetic storm development and lead to lower levels of geomagnetic activity for many hours. During 1997–2000 we have found two events of this kind observed on November 8, 1998 and October 13, 2000. In both cases, the storms started as usual after arrival of ejecta with a southward IMF component from the Sun to the Earth, but ceased after several hours due to the onset of sustained northward IMF leading to the faster recovery process. After the passage of this so-called positive domain, the storm development started again. The heliospheric magnetic field intensity remained enhanced and nearly constant. The solar origins of the geomagnetic storm interruptions have been investigated. Tentatively they may be related to strong nonlinear Alfvйn type solitary waves excited by non-stationary coronal current variations with a characteristic time-scale of about a day.     

Relationship of the diffuse aurora and SAR arc dynamics to substorms and storms

Investigation results of a diffuse aurora (DA) and stable auroral red (SAR) arc dynamics based on spectrophotometric observations at the Yakutsk meridian (199°E geomagnetic longitude) are presented. The relationship of an equatorward extension of DA in the 557.7 nm emission to a substorm growth phase during the magnetospheric convection intensification after the turn of IMF B_Z to the south is shown. The formation of SAR arc during the substorm expansion phase is investigated. The association of SAR arc dynamics with the development of asymmetric ring current (substorm injection) during the main phase of a storm is analyzed. It is shown how the pulsating precipitations of energetic ring current particles develop in the outer plasmasphere based on photometric observations.     

中低纬电离层对行星际磁场南向翻转的响应

利用卫星和地面台站的历史数据, 研究了中低纬电离层f0F2 对强行星际磁场南向翻转的响应. 结果表明, 行星际磁场南向翻转能引起电离层扰动式响应, 响应特性与纬度、季节和翻转时刻的地方时有关. 在中纬, 发生在夏分季和夜间的翻转能造成较强的电离层负响应, 其幅度随纬度的降低而变弱, 在恢复过程中存在不规则振荡; 在低纬, 南向翻转引起的电离层响应在夏分季较强, 在冬季则较弱, 且易被淹没在电离层自身的扰动中. 分析指出电离层最大负响应与翻转后南向磁场极大值之间有着较好的线性关系.     

Statistical properties of the IMF clock angle in the solar wind with northward and southward interplanetary magnetic field based on ACE observation from 1998 to 2009: Dependence on the temporal scale of the solar wind

Utilizing ACE satellite observations from 1998 to 2009, we performed the elaborate study on the properties of the clock angle θ_CA (arctan(By/Bz) (?90° to 90°) of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the solar wind at 1?AU. The solar wind with northward IMF (NW-IMF) and southward IMF (SW-IMF) are analyzed, independently. Statistical analysis shows that the solar wind with SW-IMF and NW-IMF has similar properties in general, including their durations, the IMF Bz and By components, and the IMF θ_CA. Then, the solar wind with NW-IMF (SW-IMF) is classified into five different temporal scales according to the duration of the NW-IMF (SW-IMF), i.e., very-short wind of 10–30?min, short-scale wind of 0.5–1?h, moderate-scale wind of 1–3?h, long-scale wind of 3–5?h, and super-long wind >5?h. Our analysis reveals that the IMF θ_CA has a distinct decrease with increase of the temporal scale of the solar wind. Next, the solar wind is classified into two groups, i.e., the high-speed solar wind (>450?km/s) and the low-speed solar wind (<450?km/s). Our analysis indicates that the IMF θ_CA depends highly on the solar wind speed. Statistically, high-speed solar wind tends to have larger IMF θ_CA than low-speed solar wind. The evolutions of the solar wind and IMF with the solar activity are further studied, revealing no clear solar variation of the IMF θ_CA. Finally, we analyze the monthly variation of the IMF θ_CA. Superposed epoch result strongly suggests the seasonal variation of the IMF θ_CA.     

行星际磁场对磁尾场向电流发生率的影响

利用Cluster卫星的磁场和等离子体探测数据, 研究了行星际磁场(IMF)时钟角(clock angle) Φ和锥角(cone angle) θ对磁尾等离子体片边界层(PSBL)区场向电流发生率的影响. 当时钟角Φ >0时, 磁尾场向电流 的发生率较高, 这表明磁尾场向电流的发生与昏向太阳风条件更为密切; 当 90°<|Φ|<180°时, 场向电流的发生率较高, 这表明 场向电流的发生与南向IMF更为密切. 当锥角θ <30°时(即IMF与 日地连线夹角较小时)场向电流的发生率较低. 而当θ> 30°时, 场向电流在90°<|Φ|<180°的情况下发生率明显增大, 这说明南向IMF情况下, 场向电流发生率明显增大. 但是当|Φ|<90°时 (北向IMF情况下), 尽管θ很大, 场向电流的发生率并未明显增大. 当θ>70°时, 且在140°< < i>Φ<160°的行星 际磁场条件下, 磁尾等离子体片边界层区场向电流的发生率最大.