U. S. Navy in Space: Past, Present, and Future

The announcement last summer of the establishment of the U. S. Navy Space Command, and its subsequent activation at Dahlgren, Va., in October 1983, may have come as a surprise to some. This, however, was the latest of a series of actions taken by the Department of the Navy over the last several years to consolidate the Navy's space efforts. In fact, since the beginning of the Space Age, the Navy has been interested in space and involved in space-related activities. Its contributions in space science and technology have been significant. Driven by a realization that space assets are exceptionally well matched to its global mission, the Navy has become a major user of space. Primary areas of current activity include command, control, and communication and navigation and collection of environmental information. The Navy's operational use of space systems, the nature of the evolving Soviet threat (both air and space) directed in a large measure at U. S. naval targets, and the recent advances made in space technology, all argue for an increased level of Navy involvement in future Department of Defense space activities to secure Navy interests. As viewed by Navy decision-makers, this increased level of involvement will be selective in nature, emphasizing space research and development and operations that are considered vital to Navy interests.     

美国空军/海军定义下一代战斗机要求

美国空军和海军正在起草各自对下一代战斗机的要求,在通盘考虑隐身、超声速、敏捷性和网络战等因素之后,最后的方案将是一个折中的方案。     

K. Koyama, S. Kitamoto and M. Itoh (eds.), The Hot Universe, IAU Symposium

This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena held at Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway on June 4–13, 1997, which was the third NATO Workshop on magnetospheric boundary phenomena observable at high latitudes. Svalbard has a uniquely interesting location from observational point of view in that the dayside aurora can be observed there in the noon local time sector during the midwinter. The Norwegian groups working at Svalbard were the organisers of this third workshop as well as of the two earlier ones, but only this third one was held at Svalbard. It was attended by 86 space physicists from all over the world. The book contains 36 papers, of which the majority were presented as invited papers at the workshop, a few were contributed papers and the last paper in the volume gives a summary of the content of the workshop. As emphasized in both the Foreword and the Summary chapter of the book, the research field of the polar cap and its boundaries to other magnetospheric regions at high latitudes is one that has seen a fast development in the last ten years. This is to a great deal due to the research work done at Svalbard in combination with satellite measurements and theory development. The review in these proceedings provide also the non-specialist reader with good summaries of where different research questions stand at present. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

K. Koyama, S. Kitamoto and M. Itoh (eds.), The Hot Universe, IAU Symposium

This book concerns the publication of the proceedings of an IAU Symposium held in Tokio in the summer of 1997. As implied by the title, it provides an overall review of our knowledge on all aspects of high-energy phenomena occurring in the universe obtained via the observations in X- and gamma-rays with orbiting satellites. It contains 44 invited (4 pages each) and 132 (2 pages each) contributed papers covering: Sun, stars, supernovae and their remnants, galaxies and their clusters, white dwarfs and neutron stars, black hole binaries, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, large scale structure and hot intergalactic medium, and a chapter on future space programs in X- and gamma-ray astronomy. Many of the contributions have since appeared in the astronomical literature. The invited reviews, although very concise, are generally valuable in presenting the most relevant points of the various subjects. The book is for professional astronomers and may serve as a quick and very useful reference to becoming acquainted with the main developments in the field of high-energy astrophysics beginning of 1998. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

美国重新审视防卫飞行

美国国家与军方的领导人正在重新评估自“9.11” 事件以来所采取的国土防卫及安全措施,并且在寻找一个平衡点,以便能够在采取空中防卫的同时,降低美国空军国民警卫队、后备队和其他现役军队的工作强度。     

S. W. Bougher,D. M. Hunten,and R. J. Phillips (eds.) Venus II - Geology,Geophysics, Atmosphere,and Solar Wind Environment

Space Science Reviews -     

“神剑”和“战斗猪”美国两种新型垂直起降无人战村

美国陆军正在推动小型垂直起降无人作战飞机的研制，但是并没有提出具体的设计要求，允许制造商提出各种新奇的概念。但有一点是确定的，即这种无人机必须要作为一种武器来设计。美国极光飞行系统公司和美国动力学公司已经提出了各自的独特方案：“神剑”和“战斗猪”。     

美国跨域作战体系研究

介绍了美国海军协同作战系统、空军先进作战管理系统等跨域作战理念,深入剖析了美军跨域作战 体系的历史背景、武器构成、异构信息火力一体的体系,得出互操作平台在跨域作战的重要性。最后, 总结了 跨域协同体系发展理念和对我军相关系统建设的启示。     

R. von Steiger,R. Lallement,and M.S. Lee (eds.). The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium

Space Science Reviews -     

一弹多头 自主导引 直接攻击 美国国防部开发一弹多头智能拦截导弹系统

美国导弹防御局（MDA）在去年启动了一个“多目标杀伤飞行器”（MKV）计划,目的是研制一种能同时击嬖包望磊矗导藉作战部和诱饵在内的多个目标的单一拦截器,洛克希德·马丁公司和雷神公司已分别提出了两种不同的竞争方案。     

M. Livio, S. M. Fall and P. Madau (eds.), The Hubble Deep Field, Space Telescope Conference Series 11

The proceedings of a conference dealing with only one piece of observational activity: the deepest optical image obtained by the HST during a 150 orbit observational program. The main result, presented in several papers, is that we are now able to witness the period of galaxy formation. Very readable too is Allan Sandage's historical review, being the introductory paper to the meeting. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

美国军用航空装备维修保障体制

军用航空装备，是军用航空器及其各种装置、设备的统称，通常是指飞机、直升机、航空发动机、航空弹药、航空电子设备以及航空仪表、电气设备等。军用航空装备维修保障，是为保持、恢复和改善军用航空装备技术状况所采取的技术和管理措施。维修保障是保持军用航空装备持续作战能力的关键环节，是打赢信息化条件下的高技术局部战争的重要支撑。早在1907年，美国陆军就组建了陆军通信兵航空兵科，经过一百多年的发展，美国已形成了军地融合、覆盖陆海（含海军陆战队）空军的军用航空装备维修保障体制。通过对其进行分析研究，有利于为深化我国军用航空装备维修保障体制改革提供参考和借鉴。     

美国军用直升机动力装置研发进展

美国军用直升机动力装置在2013年取得了多项重大进展：启动全新的涡轴发动机技术预研计划,为新一代联合多任务（JMR）旋翼机发展动力技术;改进涡轮发动机项目进行了首台HPW3000和GE3000发动机的试车;未来经济可承受涡轮发动机预研计划进展顺利;GE38-1B发动机首次安装在CH-53K重型直升机上进行了测试,为今年的首飞打好了基础。     

美国国防合同管理制度改革历程

美国国防合同管理在近50年的时间内本文全面综述了美国国防合同管理体系改革的历程和特点。员派驻制度都进行了多次改革。     

U.S. Army battery needs-present and future

The purpose of this paper is to describe the needs of the U.S. Army for silent portable power sources, both in the near and longer term future. As a means of doing this, the programs of the Power Sources Division of the Army Research Laboratory are discussed. In carrying out these programs, the personnel of the Power Sources Division work closely with the Battery Management Office of the Army Materiel Command, which is located in the Logistics and Readiness Directorate of the Communication-Electronics Command (CECOM). We are also closely integrated with the Army Research Office, and the fuel cell personnel of the CECOM Research Development and Engineering Center (RDEC), and the battery personnel of the RDECs for the Tank and Automotive Command and the Missile Command. The six program areas discussed in which the Power Sources Division is engaged are: primary batteries, rechargeable batteries, reserve/fuze batteries, pulse batteries and capacitors, fuel cells, and thermophotovoltaic power generation