共查询到7条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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运载火箭末级发动机点火后,在制导系统的导引下,火箭最终抵达入轨位置、取得入轨速度,卫星进入运行轨道。火箭末级飞行动力学模型为非线性微分方程形式,难以利用解析方法得到火箭姿态变化特性,进而控制火箭飞行过程中的状态变量。将火箭入轨约束条件转化为最优控制的性能指标函数,利用庞德里亚金极小值原理与牛顿梯度法相结合的方式来解决动力学方程求解问题,得到末级飞行标准轨道;火箭动力学建模过程中,由于参数难以精确计量等的影响,存在建模误差,导致火箭实际飞行轨道会偏离标准轨道。对模型进行线性化处理,引入状态反馈,可以使实际飞行轨道接近于标准轨道,提高卫星荷载入轨要求精度。仿真结果表明:该制导算法可较好地减小火箭载荷入轨误差。 相似文献
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一种天基光学GEO目标定位方法及初轨算法观测几何评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出一种基于天基光学短弧观测数据对GEO区目标进行定位的方法,以GEO区目标半径、偏心率为几何约束,通过最小二乘法估计目标位置、速度,估计结果可作为初轨算法的输入,也可以为初值预测轨道,引导其它平台对目标观测。利用广义Laplace初轨算法对多平台多观测弧段处理,为表征观测几何对定轨性能的影响,将几何精度因子(GOP)扩展到多平台多观测弧段,并引入几何精度因子的误差灵敏度(ESGOP)表征测量误差对观测几何的影响,仿真结果表明:对GEO目标而言,当GOP不小于0.03、ESGOP不大于0.005时,对目标的初轨精度可控制在50km之内。 相似文献
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A mathematically well-posed technique is suggested to obtain first-order necessary conditions of local optimality for the problems of optimization to be solved in a pulse formulation for flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a high-thrust jet engine (HTJE) in an arbitrary gravitational field in vacuum. The technique is based on the Lagrange principle of derestriction for conditional extremum problems in a function space. It allows one to formalize an algorithm of change from the problems of optimization to a boundary-value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations in the case of any optimization problem for which the pulse formulation makes sense. In this work, such a change is made for the case of optimizing the flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a HTJE when terminal and intermediate conditions (like equalities, inequalities, and the terminal functional of minimization) are taken in a general form. As an example of the application of the suggested technique, we consider in this work, within the framework of a bounded circular three-point problem in pulse formulation, the problem of constructing the flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a HTJE through one or several libration points (including the case of going through all libration points) of the Earth–Moon system. The spacecraft is launched from a circular orbit of an Earth's artificial satellite and, upon passing through a point (or points) of libration, returns to the initial orbit. The expenditure of mass (characteristic velocity) is minimized at a restricted time of transfer. 相似文献
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Petra Jansen-Osmann Gunnar Wiedenbauer Juliane Schmid Martin Heil 《Spatial Cognition & Computation》2013,13(3):267-285
ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of featural information (landmarks) and geometric information (pre-exposure to a structural map) and their possible interaction during the process of spatial knowledge acquisition of 8- and 11-year-old children and adults in a virtual environment. The study confirmed the well-known result of a developmental achievement in spatial cognition from childhood to adulthood. Although landmarks and the pre-exposure to a structural map did not affect the time to learn a specific route, they influenced the use of behavior in spatial learning and eased the acquisition of spatial knowledge measured by a route reversal and map-drawing tasks. Children and adults are able to integrate featural and geometric information in the spatial knowledge acquisition process in an environmental space, but their integration depends on the spatial processing stages that are investigated. Moreover, it was successfully demonstrated that the use of desktop virtual environments seems to be appropriate to investigate the development of spatial cognition. 相似文献