短波信道数字传输脉冲成形技术研究

短波窄带信道上的数据传输,要求将信号的带宽限制在3kHz语音频带内,当系统带宽小于数据信息所需的奈奎斯特最小带宽时,脉冲时域范围的扩展产生的码间串扰会降低系统的误差性能。文章阐明了脉冲成形技术可以压缩信号的频谱,分析了恰当选择的平方根升余弦脉冲成形滤波器可以明显提高短波信道数据传输的误差性能。     

应答机实验器检定中所需要脉冲信号的解决方案

应答机实验器是一类价格高昂、技术含量高的航空地面专用测试设备，其技术参数的检定曾一直是计量处航空专用测试设备组的一个难点。本文通过对几种典型应答脉冲信号的归纳，以及产生这些脉冲信号的电路原理分析，提出了一种解决方案，同时对利用此方案制作的实际测试工装及应用效果进行了说明。     

基于应变片的双脉冲推力测量初步实现

为了获得激光推力器在多脉冲激光作用下产生推力的变化情况,建立了一套基于半导体应变片技术的双脉冲推力测试系统,介绍了系统标定及测试原理。在单脉冲能量80 J,重复频率10 Hz的条件下进行了实验,实验结果表明:该测试系统响应速度快、精度高,实验结果可信;同时发现,在双脉冲激光作用下,推力器产生的脉冲推力大小和推力的持续时间均会减小,冲量耦合系数也有所降低,与文献报道实验测量结果基本一致,对激光发动机的理论和数值研究具有一定的参考价值。     

用时间分辨法实现半导体激光器特性脉冲测试

提出了一种基于时间分辨的脉冲式半导体激光器特性测试新方法,并研制了相应的测试系统。该方法根据脉冲驱动源的时序,同步产生采样窗口信号,然后根据采样窗采集半导体激光器的注入电流、端电压和输出光功率等数据,进而获得表征器件特性的曲线和参数。该方法解决了半导体激光器特性测试中的2个关键问题：一是现有的连续测试方法造成的器件温升,影响测试准确性和安全性;二是解决了脉冲驱动源与测试的同步问题。文中给出了最小脉冲宽度达100 ns的窄脉冲驱动的L-I-V测试曲线和测试参数。     

采用TMS320C6201实现数字式脉冲压缩雷达实时信号处理

简述了雷达信号脉冲压缩的几种实现方法，着重讨论了数字式脉冲压缩的特点及其信号处理方法；分析了所选择的TMS320C6XEVM信号处理板的接口实现；给出了基于TMS320C6X的信号处理系统软硬件的设计。由于采用高速数字信号处理器件进行脉冲压缩，使得软件设计具有很大的灵活性。     

无线电引信接收机测试难点及解决途径

针对某型号无线电引信接收机测试设备研制,对测试中遇到的技术难点进行了探讨,给出了解决途径。研制的难点体现在ns级高速度脉冲调制、ns级时序与宽度可调节多路脉冲生成,脉冲多普勒调制信号大范围量程调节与泄漏脉冲电路模拟。其中的泄漏脉冲叠加到脉冲多普勒信号的功能,成功地模拟了引信科研生产中特定现象,在测试设备研制中属首次。测试结果和使用情况表明,所研制的设备达到了预期的技术要求,满足使用。方法在类似型号无线电引信接收机测试测试中具有参考意义。     

光纤陀螺尖峰脉冲研究

对光纤陀螺尖峰脉冲进行了深入研究,建立了光纤陀螺前放电路的噪声模型,分析了两个关键参数带宽和放大倍数对陀螺噪声和信噪比的影响,仿真结果指出降低前放带宽、提高放大倍数可以大幅度提高陀螺的信噪比,由于光纤陀螺信号特性的限制,这些改变必须在切除尖峰脉冲后才可以实现。对比分析了常见的几种光纤陀螺尖峰脉冲抑制方案,选择了模拟开关切除尖峰脉冲方案进行试验,试验结果表明,尖峰脉冲抑制方案对光纤陀螺的输出数据噪声性能提升效果显著,改进后的陀螺噪声降低了13%。     

HPM对伪码脉冲无线电引信的压制干扰效应仿真

为了对高功率微波作用于伪码脉冲无线电引信的干扰效果进行分析,建立了引信信号处理模型并进行了计算机仿真。仿真结果表明,在频率对准的情况下,当 HPM进入引信距离门对回波信号造成压制时,由于 HPM的信号频带较宽,覆盖了多普勒滤波器带宽,多普勒滤波器的输出信号幅度仍可达到启动门限电平,压制干扰无效。     

脉冲干扰对软件接收机的影响分析

卫星信号经过长距离传播,信号能量损耗严重,到达地面的功率很弱,容易受到各种干扰的影响。脉冲干扰为常见的干扰类型,所以针对不同功率、不同周期,以及不同占空比的脉冲干扰信号,通过接收前端采集受脉冲干扰的GPS L1信号,利用软件接收机及多相关器生成技术,详细分析了脉冲干扰对接收机信号捕获与跟踪性能的影响。分析结果表明,周期为1ms的脉冲干扰信号,能对接收机产生强烈的干扰效果,捕获图中的噪声明显增大;跟踪过程中,载噪比和相关值突发性减小,造成跟踪数据异常。而长周期的脉冲信号仅在脉冲到达时影响接收机的捕获和跟踪,但由于信号跟踪不能连续进行,导致伪距观测量的不连续与导航数据不能正常解码,从而干扰接收机。     

脉冲风洞一体化飞行器测力精度分析

为评估脉冲风洞一体化飞行器的测力精度,根据脉冲风洞测力系统特点,对其进行简化,建立其动力学方程,并获得其动态脉冲响应衰减函数;分析测力系统输出信号变化规律,对其进行傅里叶变换,获得系统振动主频,并运用神经网络、梯度下降法对天平信号进行准确拟合,预测了测力信号的趋势值;对多次试验结果进行了信号拟合和趋势预测,获得了天平测力的精度。结果表明:该方法能够准确预测天平稳定输出结果,且当天平输出信号达到4个周期时,测力精度能够达到97%以上。      

Leading Edge Estimation Errors

The leading edge estimator (LEE) of a pulse signal is defined as the instant at which a filtered version of the received noisy signal passes a preset threshold. A rigorous analysis for a rectangular pulse model of the signal results in an exact probability density function for the LEE, valid within the time interval of the leading edge of the filtered pulse. Possible occurrence of the threshold crossing outside of this interval is considered to be an anomalous estimate, since it leads to a gross error in comparison with the regular cases. It is found that the density function of the LEE error is asymmetrical and therefore biased, that the probability PA of anomalous estimation increases with the filter bandwidth, thus setting a well definable limit to the latter and that, for prespecified PA, the minimum bias and variance are proportional, respectively, to R-1 and R-2, minima being obtained by allowing for the largest bandwidth compatible with PA. On the other hand, for given bandwidth the variance decreases only as R-1. Here R is the signal-to-noise energy ratio. Results are presented in form of parameterized graphs.     

Interference Effects of Pseudo-Random Frequency-Hopping Signals

When a pseudo-random frequency-hopping signal is intercepted by a conventional receiver operating within the same frequency band, the interfering signal has the form of a pulse-amplitude modulated signal. Each pulse amplitude is dependent upon the hopping frequency and the selectivity characteristic of the victim receiver. The probability density function for the interfering pulse amplitude prior to demodulation is determined when the probability density function for the hopping frequency is uniform and the victim-receiver characteristic is 1) ideal flat bandpass, 2) single tuned, and 3) Gaussian shaped. It is shown that the average interfering pulse amplitude and interference power decrease as the frequency-hopping bandwidth increases with respect to the victim-receiver bandwidth. Fast Fourier transform computer techniques are used to obtain the probability density function of the interference amplitude in a Gaussian receiver when several (from 2 to 10) pseudo-random frequency-hopping systems are simultaneously using the same frequency band. The probability that the interference exceeds a prescribed threshold value is computed from the derived probability density functions. This probability may be used in signal-to-interference ratio calculations, to describe the capture effect, or to compute the expected number of clicks produced in an FM discriminator.     

宽带信号去斜脉冲压缩处理方法的研究

宽带信号广泛应用于雷达、导航和卫星通讯等领域。宽带信号的传统接收处理方法主要是采用匹配滤波或子带分割技术。本文用去斜脉冲压缩处理方法处理宽带信号,给出了具体的实现结构和改进措施,分析了如何选择系统的信号采样频率,同时还给出了脉压波形的仿真结果及性能分析。实验表明:对中心频率为9.5GHz、带宽1.3GHz、脉冲宽度30μs的宽带线性调频信号,采用该方法处理只需90MHz采样数据率,大大降低了数据采集的难度。     

Design and analysis of new p(n,k) polyphase pulse compression codes

P(n,k) codes as a new class of polyphase pulse compression codes are introduced and analyzed in detail. The P(n,k) codes are conceptually derived by step approximation of the phase function of a nonlinear-frequency modulated (NLFM) Chirp signal with a favorable energy density spectrum. The significant advantages of P(n,k) codes over conventional polyphase codes are lower autocorrelation sidelobes and an improved tolerance of low Doppler shifts and precompression bandwidth limitations. The primary disadvantage of the P(n,k) codes over conventional codes is a loss in range resolution. The uniform P(n,k) codes are especially attractive for radars employing digital signal professing because their favorable correlation properties also remain when quantization effects are taken into account     

An Analysis and Comparison of Energy Direction Finding Systems

Direction finding systems that use knowledge of only the aporoximate center frequency and bandwidth of the arriving signal and perform the azimuth estimate using the signal energy azimuthal distribution are of widespread interest. In this paper, a variety of such systems are considered. Their performances are analyzed and compared to each other and to a baseline optimal system. Particular attention is given to systems that will perform well against wideband signals in a low signal-to-noise environment.     

The Effects of Gaussian Interference on Communication Systemswith Adaptive Arrays

The performance of a bandlimited binary phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) communication system is examined when the received BPSK signal is corrupted by both thermal noise and a directional Gaussian noise interfering signal. The system uses an LMS adaptive array to suppress this interference. The effects of signal power levels, arrival angles, bandwidths, and the array bandwidth are examined. The performance of a system that uses tapped delay lines for the array weights is also examined. It is shown that the performance of a system with tapped delay lines is not affected by the interference bandwidth for a single interferer.     

Modified Barker Code Approximating Huffman's Impulse-Equivalent Sequence

It is shown by use of D.A. Huffman's polynomial representation for a finite sequence of contiguous pulses in a pulse train that Barker's binary-coded sequences can be modified, by a weighting of pulse amplitudes, to a condition where time sidelobes in the pulse compressed signal are substantially reduced. In such a pulse amplitude modification there is a sacrifice in pulse train energy since each pulse does not have maximum energy. Results here are provided for Barker's sequence of length 13 only.     

高速风扇噪声的频谱分析中带宽的影响

叶片通过频率分量是风扇噪声的主要成分,但在对噪声测量信号进行频谱分析中发现选择不同带宽可导致显著不同的叶片通过频率分量谱值.讨论了使用不同带宽对相同风扇噪声记录进行的快速傅里叶变换(FFT)分析过程,由于FFT分析得到的频谱声压级是带宽内谱能量和,当由于转速波动引起的叶片通过频率波动范围超过分析带宽时带宽的变化将引起声压级的差异,本文提出了获得确定声压级频谱的方法.     

High-Resolution, Radar Coherent Linear FM Microwave Source

The microwave CLFM study was directed to generating 14 ?s S-band pulses of 1000 MHz bandwidth and an rms phase error of a few degrees. Over 972 MHz bandwidth, the sampled phase error relative to the reference was 7 degrees rms and 17 degrees peak, with a maximum Fourier component of 4 degrees. The FM pulse train is generated by a gated BWO driven by a stable linearizing waveform. Phase coherency during each pulse is obtained by a sampling technique, where the phase is corrected at intervals of 1/6 ?s, the RF phase having changed an integral number of cycles in each interval. Multiplication of the BWO signal by the sampling pulse train results in band-limited phase error pulses which are applied in a feedback loop. Pulse-to-pulse coherency is obtained by phase lock of the BWO starting frequency to the crystal reference. Feedback leveling holds the output constant to 0.3 dB. The basic MITRE technique was originally demonstrated at 10 MHz in 1964. Range results measured with the X-band model radar using the CLFM generator are given and confirm the phase errors of the CLFM.