Expert System Applications to the Cockpit of the '90s

There is a strong requirement for a new generation of avionics systems with a more integrated hardware and software structure. This integrated avionics system will use significant increases in computer automation with more innovative signal processing, sensor fusion and expert system software to reduce pilot workload, while improving total system performance and reliability. Expert system software packages will be implemented within the core architecture of these next generation integrated avionics systems to assist the pilot. The expert systems will consider the pertinent information available from the ``sensor' subsystems to assess the current situation. The expert systems then consult their knowledge base and rule base software structures to determine alternative reactions to the perceived situation. Then pending upon the critical of the function, situation and reaction, the expert system could either execute the most favorable reaction or display the suggested alternative courses of action to the pilot. This paper addresses the requirement, the enabling technologies and the potential structure of this next generation of avionics. It concludes with two examples of the potential of future avionics expert systems. The two examples are 1) A Navigation and Route Planning Expert and 2) A Threat Assessment and Threat Reaction Expert. Significant things are happening in technology at an accelerating pace that enable the development of this new generation of avionics.     

40G以太网在航电系统中的应用初探

随着飞机整体性能的提升，航电系统的发展日新月异，对总线网络提出了越来越高的要求。基于远端内存直接访问技术传输机制的以太网以其高带宽、低延时以及生态开放性的特点，在航电系统总线中逐渐得到推广。本文介绍了航电总线网络的发展，对典型的航电总线进行了对比分析，开展了10G/40GE交换工程样机的研制和测试工作，为下一代航电系统总线网络的选型提供了参考。     

信息融合在空战中的应用

主要讨论航空电子系统中的信息融合及在空战中的应用,介绍了信息融合的结构和一般方法,在综合应用场合,信息融合通常先进行同类信息融合,再进行不同类信息融合,在现代空战的应用中,信息融合可帮助分析,处理和综合各类信息源信息及人类专家知识,并结合空战中信息融合应用实例,讨论基于Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波,模糊逻辑和专家诉信息融合的设计及实现。     

小型综合航电加卸载技术研究

随着通用航空的发展，对小型飞机及小型航空电子系统的需求越来越大。基于小型综合航电系统的结构与应用需求，通过分析ARINC615A标准，设计了一个基于TnIP协议的数据与应用加卸载系统架构。针对系统架构中的难点，提出了TFTP协议栈、数据卸载与应用软件加载等三项关键技术，给出了具体的设计与实现方法。系统在Vxworks平台上实现，目前已在某小型综合航电系统项目中取得了较好的工程应用效果。     

AFDX网络端系统测试监视系统研究

针对当前广泛应用于民用飞机的航电全双工交换式以太网（AFDX网络）,设计了一个AFDX网络终端系统测试监视系统,通过对AFDX终端系统进行试验,实现了测试结果的实时回馈,提高了测试工作的效率和自动化程度,是一种可行的AFDX网络终端系统测试监视系统。     

Aging avionics and net-centric operations

The transformation to net-centric operations necessitates evaluation of existing avionics capabilities, identification of deficiencies of these avionics for net-centric operations, and evaluation of alternative avionics that can provide the needed capabilities. The Global Information Grid (GIG) enables net-centric operations. The purpose of the GIG is to provide end users real-time or near-real-time access to multiple information sources ranging from airborne/satellite/ground sensors (video imagery and processed visual information/data) to databases. The end users in an aircraft view and interact with this information through the human system interface (HSI) or "smart" displays. The information is transmitted across a Gigabit Ethernet on-board the aircraft that interfaces with multiple channels of a software programmable radio that acts as a hub in the GIG network, or on-board sensors and processors. This paper presents the mandated capabilities, and the processes involved in determination of upgrades needed to achieve net-centric operations.     

基于SIMICS的ICP系统模块仿真技术研究

随着机载综合化航电系统的日益复杂,航电系统中软件的开发和验证也日益困难.通过研究基于SIMICS的仿真平台及二次建模技术,建立了综合核心处理机(ICP)中几种通用功能模块(CFM)的仿真模型,为系统软件和应用软件的开发、调试、测试、综合等提供了一套虚拟仿真环境,实现了软硬件协同开发,缩短了项目研制周期,提高了工作效率和软件质量,较大地提升了复杂机载软件产品的研制能力.     

分级式航空电子综合化仿真系统研究

介绍一个分级式航空电子综合化仿真系统。该系统以航空电子综合化工程中一个分系统为仿真目标,由两层双余度1553B总线和MBI(multiplex bus interface)将AVS(Avionics simulator)、SSCU(subsystem control unit)、若干个EQS(equipment simulator)以及部分真实设备连成的三级分布式计算机系统。一个面向实时控制的分布式操作系统和相应的仿真软件分布在三级仿真器中;其中,分布式操作系统实现两级总线的衔接、通信控制、并行多任务管理、错误检测、故障处理和实时内存数据库管理,仿真软件模拟航空电子上层环境、操作员控制与显示、分系统各设备数据产生与接收数据处理以及信息处理应用任务。系统研制成功为工程化实现打下了技术基础并提供了一个实验环境。     

未来航空电子信息技术发展需求分析

从多平台OODA的任务运行出发,分析了未来航空电子信息技术主要面向多平台信息的高效组织与管理,其发展趋势是充分利用人工智能技术,将战场数据转换为信息,将信息演进为知识,从而形成具有反馈机制的环路来引导多平台航空电子体系更快的获取信息.本文分别从多域多维信息的高效获取,多异构平台分布式信息处理,高效智能的信息组织,清晰准...     

Integrating Avionics in the Conceptual Design Phase

The avionics components of modern military aircraft significantly impact the cost and effectiveness of the total aeronautical system. In the early conceptual phase, aeronautical system designers give scant attention to designing the avionics components. The design team generally provides weight, volume and power considerations for the desired avionics functions and assumes that an avionics suite can be assembled. Less than comprehensive attention is given to the interacting effect avionics have with the other system components. In contrast, the designers expend a very large effort on finding the best balanced combination of airframe and propulsion components which satisfy the design objectives. This paper shows why avionics must be a co-equal member of the aeronautical system along with airframe, propulsion, and armament. To become a co-equal partner, avionics must be an element of the system design iterations and analysis commencing with the early conceptual design phase of a new aeronautical system.     

Switched Ethernet testing for avionics applications

Switched Ethernet is being implemented as an avionics communication architecture. A commercial standard (ARINC-664) and an aircraft vendor-specific implementation known as avionics full duplex switched Ethernet (AFDX) have been developed that defines the topology and use of switched Ethernet in an avionics application. In avionics applications, the movement of data between devices must take place in a deterministic fashion and must be delivered reliably. All aircraft flight hardware must be tested to be sure that it will communicate information properly in the switched Ethernet network. The airframe manufacture must test the integrated network to verify that all flight hardware is communicating properly. Testing and maintenance testing is required to perform data communication level testing of switched Ethernet architectures for avionics applications to insure that all communication is deterministic and reliable. This paper provides an overview of a switched Ethernet avionics network and identifies the testing challenges associated with a switched Ethernet avionics application. A practical implementation performing the required tests is discussed.     

一种评估航空电子系统作战效能的方法

航空电子系统在作战中起着至关重要的作用,航空电子系统的作战效能评估是一个复杂问题。分析了航空电子作战效能的影响因素,建立了相应的指标体系,研究了基于粗糙集理论和层次分析法（AHP）的指标权重确定方法。应用综合评价等级和对作战效能评价结果的对应关系确定航空电子系统作战效能。模型的建立考虑了先验知识的运用,实现定性与定量相结合,简便直观,对某型飞机航空电子系统作战效能评估效果良好。从而为航空电子系统作战效能评估提供了一种新的评价方法。     

建立民航维修专家系统的分析

简要介绍了专家系统的原理及构成.分析了“设计民航维修专家系统”的过程,目前加拿大正着手研制的“先进的维修软件系统”的概况.最后提出专家系统需要解决的关键技术问题及发展情况.     

航空电子FC网络性能测试系统

光纤通道(FC)技术是未来航空电子系统互连首选协议。为了研究光纤通道用于航空电子系统互连时的网络性能评价问题,需要采用有效的手段对光纤通道网络性能进行测试。阐述了在采用轻量IP上层协议通信的光纤通道网络平台上光纤通道网络性能测试系统的设计原理;并说明了光纤通道网络数据通信的实现方法;最后给出了测试实例。     

机载总线网络及其发展

从当今机载电子系统对信息传递的需求出发,纵观航空电子综合化系统的发展阶段,说明为了适应新一代航空电子系统的大容量、深层次的信号与信息综合的要求,机载互连手段从较低速率的总线向宽带网络发展成为必然的趋势。介绍了光纤通道(FiberChannel,FC)、可扩展性一致性接口(ScalableCoherentInterface,SCI)以及波分复用光网络等宽带互连方案,给出它们的研究动向,说明它们作为先进综合式航空电子系统统一网络(UniversalAvionicsNetwork,UAN)的候选所具有的特点。     

Performability analysis of avionics system with multilayer HM/FM using stochastic Petri nets

The integrated modular avionics (IMA) architecture is an open standard in avionics industry, in which the number of functionalities implemented by software is greater than ever before. In the IMA architecture, the reliability of the avionics system is highly affected by the software applications. In order to enhance the fault tolerance feature with regard to software application failures, many industrial standards propose a layered health monitoring/fault management (HM/FM) scheme to periodically check the health status of software application processes and recover the malfunctioning software process whenever an error is located. In this paper, we make an analytical study of the HM/FM system for avionics application software. We use the stochastic Petri nets (SPN) to build a formal model of each component and present a method to combine the components together to form a complete system model with respect to three interlayer query strategies. We further investigate the effectiveness of these strategies in an illustrative system.     

航空电子的故障预测与健康管理技术

分析了引发航空电子设备故障的各种因素;详细讨论了航空电子设备全寿命周期内的故障预测与健康管理（PHM）技术,包括故障检测与健康监测、健康信息处理、故障预测和余寿评估;还介绍了基于健康信息综合管理的航空电子PHM系统的设计。     

航电系统并行检测过程与检测设备解耦方法

航电系统在使用或升级改造过程中进行可靠性检测是必不可少的。特别是在当前批量航电系统大量投入使用的背景下，迫切需要能高效、快速、准确地对系统进行可靠性检测。由于航电系统安全性要求高，内置检测软件受限，需要外置检测设备通过航电系统指定接口进行检测，检测过程也不允许出现任何泄露等行为。检测设备与具体航电系统耦合，检测过程与具体检测设备耦合，难以实现批量航电系统并行检测。为此，通过引入逻辑检测设备，给出了一种航电系统并行检测分层框架，解决检测设备与被测系统耦合的问题，同时也保证了检测的安全性。通过逻辑检测设备、检测跳转机和被测主机上检测行为的描述，给出了一种面向通用航电系统并行检测的检测设备协同机制，解决检测过程与检测设备耦合的问题，从而支持多个航电系统并行检测。最后，实现了一个通用航电系统并行检测系统，并通过实际应用和实验对比验证所提方法的有效性。     

基于AFDX的特种飞机任务电子系统总线应用研究

随着航空电子系统综合化程度的不断提高,对数据总线的通信能力提出了更高的要求,此需求对于具备较高信息收集能力的特种飞机任务电子系统来说尤为突出.本文提出了一种基于航空全双工交换式以太网(AFDX)的特种飞机任务电子系统构建思路,并对其进行了分析与验证.     

分布式航空电子系统蓝图仿真技术的研究

基于ASAAC的分布式航空电子系统应用日益广泛,蓝图作为ASSAC提出的系统管理和资源配置的核心概念,其通信和故障管理配置的正确性成为分布式航电系统需要解决的重要问题。利用仿真技术模拟蓝图运行的分布式航电系统,尤其是其数据通信和故障处理方面的性能,在系统设计早期就可以有效地发现原型系统中存在的设计缺陷,极大地缩短了开发周期,减小了系统开发风险。