试论管理标准体系和体系表

阐述了管理标准体系的构成,以及管理标准体系表层次之间的相互关系和作用。     

Interrelation between VLF and ULF emissions

Observations and theoretical works so far made are reviewed in regard to the interrelation of VLF and ULF emissions. Quasi-periodic VLF emissions are one of the typical examples showing the interrelation between the two phenomena. The term modulation may be more appropriate to explain these phenomena. Tentative interpretations will be given of the VLF and ULF emissions which are closely associated through a modulation of the electron distributions.     

Construction of true stress-strain diagrams at plastic deformation of metals

In this paper, a problem of the stress-strain diagram approximation at elastic and plastic deformation is considered and the interrelation of conditional and true diagrams for hardened and non-hardened metals is established.     

Magnetohydrodynamic discontinuities in space plasmas: Interrelation between stability and structure

It is believed that shock waves and other discontinuous flows form the basis of a wide range of phenomena in space medium. We review the results concerning the particular property of MHD discontinuities, the interrelation between their stability and structure. Such an interrelation is associated primarily with the requirement of their evolutionarity. For a non-evolutionary discontinuity the amplitudes of reflected and refracted waves caused by a small amplitude incident wave are not determined unambiguously from the conservation laws at the discontinuity surface. Since the problem of the further time evolution of the initial small perturbation does not have a unique solution, such a discontinuity cannot exist in a real medium as a single steady-state configuration. Therefore it is unstable with respect to a disintegration into several discontinuities or to a transition to some more general unsteady flow. This is confirmed by the fact that, in the studied cases, the non-evolutionary shock transitions can, while the evolutionary ones cannot, be represented as a set of several discontinuities and waves of rarefaction. One more fundamental property of the non-evolutionary shocks that argues for their non-existence is that they do not have a unique structure for all values of the dissipative transport coefficients. At the same time, the possibility of their existence cannot be excluded when the shock has a unique structure or when the disintegration is forbidden for some reasons. Besides the non-evolutionarity, which is a direct reason for a disintegration, there is an indirect one. It can be shown that the hydrodynamic shocks without magnetic field that are corrugationally unstable also allow the shock transitions through more than one discontinuity. This suggests that the shocks unstable in the ordinary sense, for which the small perturbation grows with time, do not exist at all, but they disintegrate into stable ones. However, the physical mechanism that distinguishes between these two scenarios remains unclear. The interrelation between the stability and structure of MHD discontinuities thus governs their nonlinear evolution. This fact is essential when describing shock waves and other discontinuous flows in the space medium.     

基于最大容差域的容差设计方法

提出了基于最大容差域的容差设计方法。首先,给出了最大容差域的定义,分析了其性质与特点;然后,针对电路设计,以容差域体积为评价指标,基于电子设计自动化（EDA）工具利用优化算法来求解最优容差设计方案;最后,通过对某放大电路进行容差设计,验证了方法的正确性。该方法适合在电路设计的早期开展,克服了现有的基于公差 成本函数的容差设计方法的片面性,能更有效地实现电路健壮性的设计要求。     

Upstream waves and particles

A brief analysis is made of the interrelation of the intensity of cosmic-ray particles, the column density of gas and the intensity of cosmic γ-rays. It is shown that, locally, γ-ray data enable the calibration of H₂ densities to be inferred from CO data and elsewhere the variation of cosmic-ray intensity with position to be assessed. Finally, the importance of cosmic-ray irradiated molecular clouds in simulating γ-ray ‘sources’ is reiterated.     

基于广义回归神经网络的飞参数据预处理

由于存在干扰,飞参系统记录的发动机参数中,经常会有不少间断点和奇异值.为了利用数据对发动机性能趋势进行预测,必须对数据进行预处理.分析了航空发动机作为一个系统,其各主要输入和输出参数之间存在的函数关系.研究了利用广义回归神经网络和参数之间的关系对数据进行预处理,结果得到了较为正常的数据,证明该方法是有效的.     

精密机械零件的统计尺寸公差

精密机械产品的发展要求具有高性能、高可靠性和高质量。如果用设计时减小公关的方法来保证精度，则将难以解决加工和装配中产生的问题。因此需要在采用尽可能大的公差值的民政部下满足精度一文将讨论一些实例，寻找借助于统计尺寸公差降低加工精度要求的办法。     

高超声速二维前体进气道一体化优化设计研究

在飞行器前体进气道的一体化优化设计中,最大总压恢复系数是一个必须考虑的参数.本文从二维高超声速进气道的最大总压恢复系数入手,通过理论分析给出了高超声速飞行器从2波系到6波系的二维高超声速飞行器前体进气道的一体化优化设计计算模型.采用拉格朗日乘子法和序列二次规划法(SQP)分别计算了进气道内一道内激波和两道内激波时的情况,给出了进气道的最大总压恢复系数、进气道内马赫数、激波偏转角和激波强度随来流马赫数的变化关系.比较两种方法的计算结果可知采用的计算方法是合理的.     

基于部件描述进行系统容差分析的自动化方法

为了实现对复杂系统容差的自动化分析，提出了一种部件描述方法，通过输入部件的参数信息和参数关系信息，用有向图法及改进的拟牛顿法，进行参数间的误差传递计算。将之应用于发动机液压机械式控制系统的容差分析中，求出元件参数的容差范围。这一方法能够处理系统中参数的非线性传递和网络化关联等问题，较好地解决了复杂系统和较大系统的容差分析问题。