基于空间矢量控制的坦克炮塔系统伺服驱动器设计

空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)在运动控制领域已广泛应用,本文研究了基于空间矢量控制原理的坦克炮塔控制系统(简称“炮控系统”).空间矢量控制方式的实质是将交流电动机等效为直流电动机,分别对速度和磁场两个分量进行独立控制.此设计是通过空间矢量脉宽调制方法控制永磁同步电机,提出了炮控系统的组成以及系统的硬件设计和软件框图,在实际的应用中提高了炮塔的响应时间及稳定性,取得了良好的应用效果.     

Night vision devices for ground environment

The PM N-V/RSTA is procuring the Driver's Vision Enhancer (DVE) thermal imaging system for use in combat and tactical wheeled vehicles. The DVE uses uncooled forward looking infrared technology compared to the I² technology currently in the field. During the development of the DVE several issues were raised regarding how specific aspects of system design were related to driver performance. As a result, DCS Corporation developed a data collection effort to provide the DVE project leader with needed performance data that could act as a foundation for making program decisions     

飞行控制系统的快速原型设计

飞行控制系统设计是一个涉及控制、机械、电子和计算机等多个分系统的复杂系统工程,需要进行多学科、多专业的协同设计,虚拟样机技术从建模和仿真分析等多个方面为协同设计提供了技术和方法上的支持,而快速原型设计是基于虚拟样机的,快速生成物理样机的一种技术,可以看作是我国现阶段虚拟样机技术应用的一个廉价快速的替代方案。介绍了快速原型设计的概念,针对飞行控制系统的快速原型设计,讨论了与其有关的设计仿真软件、关键技术和实施方法。     

Built-in test and diagnostics: two different approaches

The built-in test and embedded diagnostics for two subsystems of the M1A2 main battle tank, the commander's independent thermal viewer and the hull/turret electronics unit, are examined. Each of these systems supports the requirements for elimination of special test equipment at the tank level and the use of standard army test equipment for test and repair at higher echelons of maintenance. The tradeoffs made during system requirements analysis and flow-down, which led to two unique design implementations, are described. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed     

Impact Potential of New Power Electronic Technologies

New technological advances in the area of power electronics are having an increasing impact on the design of aerospace control systems. These next generation power components promise improved system performance through increased electronic efficiencies. Applying state-of-the-art packaging concepts as an integral part of the system design will allow these devices to be utilized in a space efficient and reliable manner. The first portion of this paper looks at two such next generation components. The first is a High Voltage Integrated Circuit (HVIC) that provides a bridge between the low voltage controller logic and the high voltage motor winding invertor. This device achieves size reduction and an increase in reliability through integration of low and high voltage logic networks on a single integrated circuit. The second is the Insulated Gate Transistor (IGT). This device provides a high voltage switch with MOS-like drive characteristics. The present and future expectations of these power devices are discussed. This paper then looks at new packaging techniques for power devices. The impact of parasitic circuit effects have significant impact on power circuit performance. Finally, this paper looks at an example control application. The design is that of a permanent magnet motor driven actuator. The drive motor uses 270 vdc for supply voltage. Within the intelligent system controller, is the capability to control the current demands of the motor. The new power electronics devices are making the design feasible in both thermal and volume efficiency. This topic includes projected controller sizing into the 1990s.     

Low cost guidance for the Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS)artillery rocket

The US Army Aviation and Missile Command has demonstrated the application of advanced technology to significantly improve the accuracy and range of the Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) through the Guided MLRS Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD). The addition of a cost-effective guidance and control package to the rocket results in a weapon system that can defeat the target at ranges up to 70 km with significantly fewer rounds. This not only increases the destructive capability of the system but also reduces the cost of the expended ammunition, the cost to transport the ammunition to the combat zone, and the number of launchers required to execute the mission. The guidance kit is housed in the nose of the MLRS and consists of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), four independent electromechanically actuated canards, a GPS receiver, GPS antennas, a thermal battery, a guidance computer, and power supply electronics. Roll decoupling of the warhead and motor section was required to allow roll control of the guidance section to enable accurate inertial navigation and was accomplished by joining the two sections with a roll bearing. Five flight missiles were built and tested during the ATD. A tightly coupled eight channel GPS receiver was flown on all flights. This paper discusses the ATD development effort and presents flight test results     

Vertical test integration

Today, most every weapon system is electronics intensive. Digital computers are at the core of military aircraft, ship, and vehicle weapons systems. Indeed, each weapon system's performance is largely determined by its digital computers and other electronics. This electronics dependency is necessary in order to provide the speed, functional compliance, and accuracy to achieve the required weapon system performance. Historically, test systems required for the various maintenance levels and also at the manufacturing site have each been uniquely developed, employed, and sustained for only one area of weapon system electronics support. There are a number of reasons for this situation including different organizations responsible for the levels of support, different funding sources, timing limitations, and technical feasibility. In recent years, however, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) advances in measurement and stimulation hardware, personal computers, Windows operating systems, flexible test programming languages, and more, have made it technically feasible to develop a family of test systems that provide common weapon system electronics support at all levels. Some use the phrase Vertical Test Integration to describe this concept of factory/field/depot integration     

基于Simplorer的机电伺服系统多学科协同仿真技术研究

航天机电伺服系统是一个高阶、非线性、强耦合的多变量系统。针对机电伺服系统单一仿真平台存在的仿真精度低以及多学科协同仿真存在的仿真效率低等问题,提出了在Simplorer的软件平台下建立功率变换部分的电力电子仿真模型,通过有限元分析和试验的方法确定电机和模拟负载装置的非线性参数特性曲线,实现电力电子、控制和电磁场的多学科协同仿真与虚拟试验。仿真与试验结果表明,所建立的协同仿真模型与试验结果的最大误差不超过15%,可提升机电伺服系统的参数优化设计能力和算法调试效率。     

The Juno Magnetic Field Investigation

The Juno Magnetic Field investigation (MAG) characterizes Jupiter’s planetary magnetic field and magnetosphere, providing the first globally distributed and proximate measurements of the magnetic field of Jupiter. The magnetic field instrumentation consists of two independent magnetometer sensor suites, each consisting of a tri-axial Fluxgate Magnetometer (FGM) sensor and a pair of co-located imaging sensors mounted on an ultra-stable optical bench. The imaging system sensors are part of a subsystem that provides accurate attitude information (to ～20 arcsec on a spinning spacecraft) near the point of measurement of the magnetic field. The two sensor suites are accommodated at 10 and 12 m from the body of the spacecraft on a 4 m long magnetometer boom affixed to the outer end of one of ’s three solar array assemblies. The magnetometer sensors are controlled by independent and functionally identical electronics boards within the magnetometer electronics package mounted inside Juno’s massive radiation shielded vault. The imaging sensors are controlled by a fully hardware redundant electronics package also mounted within the radiation vault. Each magnetometer sensor measures the vector magnetic field with 100 ppm absolute vector accuracy over a wide dynamic range (to 16 Gauss = \(1.6 \times 10^{6}\mbox{ nT}\) per axis) with a resolution of ～0.05 nT in the most sensitive dynamic range (±1600 nT per axis). Both magnetometers sample the magnetic field simultaneously at an intrinsic sample rate of 64 vector samples per second. The magnetic field instrumentation may be reconfigured in flight to meet unanticipated needs and is fully hardware redundant. The attitude determination system compares images with an on-board star catalog to provide attitude solutions (quaternions) at a rate of up to 4 solutions per second, and may be configured to acquire images of selected targets for science and engineering analysis. The system tracks and catalogs objects that pass through the imager field of view and also provides a continuous record of radiation exposure. A spacecraft magnetic control program was implemented to provide a magnetically clean environment for the magnetic sensors, and residual spacecraft fields and/or sensor offsets are monitored in flight taking advantage of Juno’s spin (nominally 2 rpm) to separate environmental fields from those that rotate with the spacecraft.     

Collaborative testing & support via the Internet

The Internet and its current infrastructure provide many opportunities to exploit improved electronics testing by increasing collaboration among individuals worldwide. This paper proposes several ways to take advantage of the ubiquitous Internet infrastructure, its applications, and increasing network bandwidth to better share knowledge between engineering and test technicians, and to build and maintain a network of knowledge sharing among test and maintenance technicians in geographically separated units. Current Internet infrastructure applications that are available and being used in an ad hoc manner are email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and remote control of PCs. These applications can be used by the military to integrate and enhance communications methods and improve the sharing of data as well as remote control of automatic test equipment by engineers providing diagnostic assistance. Knowledge management techniques will be exploited to provide capture of and better access to "head knowledge" which typically stays within an individual technician or engineer. Collection of repair and test data in real-time from geographically dispersed locations can be implemented via the Internet. Engineering can be more responsive in updating TPS software by having more information and, in turn, distribute the updates via the Internet by providing access to a secure server.     

Accuracy performance of star trackers - a tutorial

An autonomous star tracker is an avionics instrument used to provide the absolute 3-axis attitude of a spacecraft utilizing star observations. It consists of an electronic camera and associated processing electronics. The processor has the capability to perform star identification utilizing an internal star catalog stored in firmware and to calculate the attitude quaternion autonomously. Relevant parameters and characteristics of an autonomous star tracker are discussed in detail     

电机智能制造远程运维系统设计与试验平台研究

针对电机智能制造远程运维的需求,设计了基于云平台的电机智能制造远程运维系统。从远程运维系统的整体架构、信息架构及试验验证平台等方面进行了详细阐述。远程运维系统可以对电机制造过程和现场应用过程中的电机参数信息进行实时采集,实现电机全生命周期的运维管理。平台的应用有助于企业提高电机生产质量,减少了电机运维成本,加快了电机运维服务响应速度,提升了售后服务水平,提高了电机的智能制造水平。     

基于B/S结构虚拟仪器系统设计与实现

在网络技术高速发展的基础上,针对频谱分析仪的共享操作以及远程操作等问题,提出基于B/S（浏览器/服务器）结构的网络虚拟仪器系统的解决方案。系统通过仪器控制软件完成对多种接口频谱仪的监视与控制,并通过服务端软件以页面形式实现系统与用户的交互。该系统可以部署在局域网或者互联网上,用户可以通过浏览器实现对频谱分析仪的访问与操作。根据方案开发的实验系统,通过测试已经具备了设计的功能需求,实现了频谱仪的网络共享和远程操作,为用户提供了一种方便、容易的仪器操作方式,具有一定实际应用价值。     

基于MATLAB/Simulink的变频电机系统能耗实用模型

变频电机系统能耗分析需要对系统各环节建立准确的损耗计算模型。针对目前有限元模型建模繁琐、计算量大的现状,在考虑了变频电源谐波对铁耗电阻影响的基础上,建立了计及铁耗等效电阻的异步电机数学模型及PWM变频器主电路损耗模型,提出一种基于MATLAB/Simulink的变频电机系统实用模型,实现了变频电机系统各环节损耗准确分析。通过对不同工况下变频器、电机和系统总效率的仿真分析,揭示了传统忽略变频器能耗的损耗分析方法对系统最佳运行点估算存在一定误差。为了验证模型正确性,对一组5.5 kW变频电机系统进行了试验对比,验证了文中模型能够正确有效地模拟变频电机系统运行。研究成果为进一步研究系统能耗最优控制策略提供了重要理论支撑。     

The Japanese Experiment Module

This paper describes Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) which is a Japanese contribution to International Space Station (SS) Program. First half of phase B study of JEM was completed last March successfully. JEM primary function and basic configuration has been established. JEM consists of a Pressurized Module (PM), an Exposed Facility (EF), a scientific/equipment airlock, a local remote manipulator, and an Experimental Logistic Module (ELM). With all those hardware elements, JEM will accommodate general scientific and technology development research (some of which are to utilize the advantage of microgravity environment), and also accommodate control panels for the Space Station Mobile Remote Manipulator System and attached payloads.     

Curiosity’s Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Investigation

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) investigation will use a 2-megapixel color camera with a focusable macro lens aboard the rover, Curiosity, to investigate the stratigraphy and grain-scale texture, structure, mineralogy, and morphology of geologic materials in northwestern Gale crater. Of particular interest is the stratigraphic record of a ～5?km thick layered rock sequence exposed on the slopes of Aeolis Mons (also known as Mount Sharp). The instrument consists of three parts, a?camera head mounted on the turret at the end of a robotic arm, an electronics and data storage assembly located inside the rover body, and a calibration target mounted on the robotic arm shoulder azimuth actuator housing. MAHLI can acquire in-focus images at working distances from ～2.1?cm to infinity. At the minimum working distance, image pixel scale is ～14?μm per pixel and very coarse silt grains can be resolved. At the working distance of the Mars Exploration Rover Microscopic Imager cameras aboard Spirit and Opportunity, MAHLI’s resolution is comparable at ～30?μm per pixel. Onboard capabilities include autofocus, auto-exposure, sub-framing, video imaging, Bayer pattern color interpolation, lossy and lossless compression, focus merging of up to 8 focus stack images, white light and longwave ultraviolet (365 nm) illumination of nearby subjects, and 8 gigabytes of non-volatile memory data storage.     

一种新的干扰力矩补偿方法在测试转台中的应用

为提高转台位置跟踪精度,提出了一种新的复合控制方法:电机中摩擦模型采用摩擦参数为非一致性变化的LuGre动态模型。控制器采用参数自适应律和CMAC神经网络来估计未知LuGre模型参数和辨识位置周期摩擦扰动并给与补偿。该方法保证了闭环系统全局稳定性和对期望位置信号的渐进跟踪,提高了转台位置跟踪精度。     

The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) Investigation

The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is an energetic particle detector designed to measure a broad spectrum of energetic particle radiation. It will make the first-ever direct radiation measurements on the surface of Mars, detecting galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, secondary neutrons, and other secondary particles created both in the atmosphere and in the Martian regolith. The radiation environment on Mars, both past and present, may have implications for habitability and the ability to sustain life. Radiation exposure is also a major concern for future human missions. The RAD instrument combines charged- and neutral-particle detection capability over a wide dynamic range in a compact, low-mass, low-power instrument. These capabilities are required in order to measure all the important components of the radiation environment. RAD consists of the RAD Sensor Head (RSH) and the RAD Electronics Box (REB) integrated together in a small, compact volume. The RSH contains a solid-state detector telescope with three silicon PIN diodes for charged particle detection, a thallium doped Cesium Iodide scintillator, plastic scintillators for neutron detection and anti-coincidence shielding, and the front-end electronics. The REB contains three circuit boards, one with a novel mixed-signal ASIC for processing analog signals and an associated control FPGA, another with a second FPGA to communicate with the rover and perform onboard analysis of science data, and a third board with power supplies and power cycling or “sleep”-control electronics. The latter enables autonomous operation, independent of commands from the rover. RAD is a highly capable and highly configurable instrument that paves the way for future compact energetic particle detectors in space.     

一种远程维护发布系统的设计与实现

为了满足高密度测控任务需求,有效缩短软件维护发布周期,提高工作效率,加强任务软件的有效配置、管理及控制,提供海上测控软件远程支持,研究了一种海上测控软件远程维护发布系统,该系统可实现测控软件的统一维护发布、安装、使用和更新等远程管理。文章详细阐述了该系统的体系结构、C/S模式的软件组成（包括服务器端系统发布管理软件和客户端更新代理软件）、主要功能模块及客户端工作流程,分析阐述了该系统的安全机制等技术。     

Design and application of an Electric Tail Rotor Drive Control (ETRDC) for helicopters with performance tests

With the development of electric helicopters’ motor technology and the widespread use of electric drive rotors, more aircraft use electric rotors to provide thrust and directional control. For a helicopter tail rotor, the wake of the main rotor influences the tail rotor’s inflow and wake. In the procedure of controlling, crosswind will also cause changes to the tail disk load. This paper describes requirements and design principles of an electric motor drive and variable pitch tail rotor system. A particular spoke-type architecture of the motor is designed, and the performance of blades is analyzed by the CFD method. The demand for simplicity of moving parts and strict constraints on the weight of a helicopter makes the design of electrical and mechanical components challenging. Different solutions have been investigated to propose an effective alternative to the mechanical actuation system. A test platform is constructed which can collect the dynamic response of the thrust control. The enhancement of the response speed due to an individual motor speed control and variable-pitch system is validated.