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以项目风险管理理论和方法的研究为基础,探索了航天型号研制技术风险的识别、分析、控制和评价的一些特有方法,为航天型号研制开展风险管理进行了有益的尝试,起到了抛砖引玉的作用。 相似文献
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航天发射具有风险种类多、风险发生后果影响大、风险等级高等特点,风险的管理水平直接影响到发射任务的进度和最终成败。基于PDCA (策划—实施—检查—改进)循环原理,将风险管理分为5个子过程:风险管理策划、风险评估、风险应对、监督与检查、总结与固化,设计风险准则,改进风险评估方法,制定风险应对策略,改进风险监控活动,提出持续改进机制,形成一套系统的具有持续改进能力的风险管理模式,可为发射场风险管理提供参考。 相似文献
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严格技术状态更改控制确保航天型号研制质量 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
2007年,航天型号任务繁重,型号研制更新换代快、多种型号并举、技术状态各异、发射任务密集,任何环节的疏漏都会造成不可弥补的损失。为保证型号研制工作按预定的目标顺利进行,必须严格技术状态更改控制。为更好地理解并正确实施技术状态控制,本刊将分期论述技术状态更改控制的重要性;强调技术状态更改控制是一个过程,且应加强更改实施前的事先控制;详解技术状态更改控制五条原则的内涵,技术状态更改控制的范围界定,贯彻实施技术状态更改控制五条原则的具体要求等,以期为进一步规范和有效地控制航天产品技术状态更改过程提供指导。 相似文献
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概述了模态技术标准在航天型号研制中的重要性,分析了航天工业行业模态试验技术标准的现状、实施情况和存在的问题,并在研究航天型号研制中应做的模态技术工作的基础上,提出了航天科技工业模态技术标准化的总体思路及制定航天工业行业模态技术标准的建议。 相似文献
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载人航天器软件研制具有技术新、难度大、新研配置项多等特点,必须研究一种新型的软件技术管理方法,以确保软件产品质量受控。文章介绍的精细化管理方法是在现有软件研制规范的基础上,通过软件研制工作的阶段化以及软件管理工作的划分,实现了软件的精细化管理。“天宫一号”目标飞行器软件研制工作的实践证明:该方法符合载人航天器型号研制的实际,可保证软件产品质量满足飞行任务要求。 相似文献
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G. Dyke S. Gill R. Davies F. Betorz Y. Andalsvik J. Cackler W. Dos Santos K. Dunlop I. Ferreira F. Kebe E. Lamboglia Y. Matsubara V. Nikolaidis S. Ostoja-Starzewski M. Sakita N. Verstappen 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(1-2):301-315
The field of disaster risk management is relatively new and takes a structured approach to managing uncertainty related to the threat of natural and man-made disasters. Disaster risk management consists primarily of risk assessment and the development of strategies to mitigate disaster risk. This paper will discuss how increasing both Earth observation data and information technology capabilities can contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in Belize. The paper presents the results and recommendations of a project conducted by an international and interdisciplinary team of experts at the 2009 session of the International Space University in NASA Ames Research Center (California, USA). The aim is to explore the combination of current, planned and potential space-aided, airborne, and ground-based Earth observation tools, the emergence of powerful new web-based and mobile data management tools, and how this combination can support and improve the emerging field of disaster risk management. The starting point of the project was the World Bank’s Comprehensive Approach to Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA) program, focused in Central America. This program was used as a test bed to analyze current space technologies used in risk management and develop new strategies and tools to be applied in other regions around the world. 相似文献
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Systems that depend upon the application of new technologies inevitably face three major challenges during development: performance, schedule and budget. Technology research and development (R&D) programs are typically advocated based on argument that these investments will substantially reduce the uncertainty in all three of these dimensions of project management. However, if early R&D is implemented poorly, then the new system developments that plan to employ the resulting advanced technologies will suffer from cost overruns, schedule delays and the steady erosion of initial performance objectives. It is often critical for senior management to be able to determine which of these two paths is more likely—and to respond accordingly. The challenge for system and technology managers is to be able to make clear, well-documented assessments of technology readiness and risks, and to do so at key points in the life cycle of the program.Several approaches have been used to evaluate technology maturity and risk in order to better anticipate later system development risks. The “technology readiness levels” (TRLs), developed by NASA, are one discipline-independent, programmatic figure of merit (FOM) that allows more effective assessment of, and communication regarding the maturity of new technologies. Another broadly used management tool is of the “risk matrix”, which depends upon a graphical representation of uncertainty and consequences. However, for the most part these various methodologies have had no explicit interrelationship.This paper will examine past uses of current methods to improve R&D outcomes and will highlight some of the limitations that can arise. In this context, a new concept for the integration of the TRL methodology, and the concept of the “risk matrix” will be described. The paper will conclude with observations concerning prospective future directions for the important new concept of integrated “technology readiness and risk assessments”. 相似文献
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文章介绍了风险及风险管理概念,针对航天器总装实施特点,建立了航天器型号AIT研制项目风险结构模型,应用科学的评估方法,达到风险量化管理的目的。 相似文献
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概率风险评价(PRA)方法是一项成熟的量化风险评估技术,而可靠性相关数据不足,制约着该方法在国内载人航天领域的应用。针对这一问题,结合NASA的PRA工作经验,提出了一种适合国内载人航天PRA数据选用与分析的方法,综合运用产品的通用数据与特定数据,采用贝叶斯等数据融合方法,对产品进行量化评价。通过航天典型产品案例,与经典评估方法进行对比分析,结果表明,此方法更能反映产品的失效特性。文章提出的方法,可用于载人航天等具有小子样特征的产品PRA数据的选用与分析,为我国载人航天开展PRA工作提供参考。 相似文献
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Space mission implementation faces a very dynamic environment with fast-paced information technology advancement and shrinking space budgets. A more focused use of decreasing public investments in space requires a cost reduction over their entire life cycle, up to the end of the useful life of a spacecraft. The anticipation of cost, schedule, risk and performance requirements from all over the product life cycle to the early stages of product development is generally recognised as a necessary condition to reduce life cycle cost. In order to cope with the intrinsic functional complexity of space products, such requirements engineering activity must be performed in a structured way within a systems engineering approach. This paper aims to describe how Cradle, a commercial systems engineering environment software package, can be used for integrated satellite development, taking into consideration functional and life cycle process requirements. Cradle has requirements management, system modelling, performance modelling, configuration management and document generation capabilities integrated in the same environment. Also, the paper provides some examples of application and highlights how Cradle can enhance the satellite development related activities performed by the Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE). 相似文献
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面对日益严峻的大学生就业形势,推动大学生自主创业、提高大学生的自主创业能力,成为了缓解大学生就业难题的一条有效途径。经济管理类大学生由于具备系统的经济管理基础知识,因而具有自主创业的先天优势。本文以经济管理类大学生为对象,分析了其自主创业的优势,探讨了其自主创业能力的构成体系,并从经济管理类专业的教学现状出发,提出了经管类大学生自主创业能力培养的途径和方法。 相似文献