对GEO卫星照相的HEO卫星变轨策略研究

为对地球同步轨道卫星近距离光学照相,设计了大椭圆任务轨道.在考虑地球扁率J2的动力学模型下,研究了大椭圆轨道变轨策略,提出了轨道设计方案,并进行了仿真计算.基于STK软件对变轨方案进行了仿真验证,结果表明所提出的轨道设计方案能够满足对地球同步轨道卫星近距离光学照相要求.     

地球同步轨道卫星多阶段任务可靠性建模

在分析地球同步轨道卫星首次变轨任务剖面的基础上,以模块化的思路进行卫星多阶段任务系统(phased-mission systems,PMS)建模,采用基于二元决策图(binary decision diagram,BDD)的静态多阶段任务可靠性分析方法和基于马尔可夫模型的动态多阶段任务分析方法来计算地球同步轨道卫星转移轨道段首次变轨的可靠性。经与传统非任务剖面可靠性分析方法的计算结果比对可知,基于任务剖面的可靠性建模分析方法可得到较为真实和精细的结果,有助于卫星的轻量化设计和研制效益提高。     

应用近似算法的光学遥感卫星区域目标成像任务规划方法

光学遥感卫星成像任务规划的研究对象多以点目标为主,对于区域目标的处理,多是将其转化为点目标后求解,因此存在精度不高和效率过低等问题。同时,还存在对于长时间周期的规划问题耗时过长,以及大区域长时间任务规划性能较差等问题。文章根据卫星成像任务规划的约束条件,建立成像任务规划模型,分析并归纳光学遥感卫星轨道及星下点轨迹的特点,认为星下点轨迹在中低纬度区域的投影可近似认为是直线;通过将区域目标向直线投影,将二维平面区域转化为一维线状区域,对模型进行求解。该方法能大幅降低求解区域目标问题的复杂度,在一维线状区域的基础上对侧摆进行处理,同时能够提高长时间周期规划的性能。利用环境减灾-1A(HJ-1A)卫星进行验证,结果表明,文章提出的方法能够在较短的时间内解决大区域长时间成像任务规划问题。     

机动卫星星座对多区域目标成像任务规划

针对太阳同步圆轨道卫星星座对地观测任务,研究了在卫星机动情况下对多区域目标的成像任务规划算法.首先提出了单颗卫星对单个点目标的观测方法,解析分析了点目标可见性,并给出了卫星变轨策略;进而通过把区域目标划分为多个条带,将问题转化为卫星对点目标观测问题,结合单星单目标观测方法分析区域目标各条带的可见性;最后建立优化问题模型...     

小推力地球卫星圆轨道同轨调相设计方法研究

在研究小推力地球卫星圆轨道同轨调相任务设计问题的基础上,提出了一种半解析调相参数分析方法,并据此发展了一种高效的精确设计方法.首先,根据推力方向对卫星相位角的影响规律,采用推力方向假设和轨道平均技术推导了调相轨道参数满足的函数关系,通过微分修正可快速获得调相轨道的关键参数;然后,基于摄动轨道动力学模型,通过对控制量进行离散化建立了复杂约束条件下的燃料最省调相轨道设计模型,并以初始分析结果为初值,采用序列二次规划算法进行求解;最后,以地球同步轨道调相任务为例对所提方法进行了数值验证.数值仿真结果表明:提出的初始分析方法可为调相轨道设计提供合理的初值猜测,发展的鲁棒设计方法可有效用于摄动模型复杂约束下的小推力调相轨道设计.     

基于任务分解的多星成像规划模型建立与求解

为解决多星成像规划模型中求解算法任务分配不合理、运算效率较低等问题,根据卫星性能指标和遥感器成像能力等约束条件,建立多星成像规划模型。求解该模型时,基于免疫算法设计任务分配方案,并基于图的最长路径算法设计单轨道圈次调度方案,使卫星能够尽可能多地对分配至该轨道圈次的点目标成像。将单轨道圈次调度结果作为反馈信息,调整任务分配方案,并通过多次迭代使得出的结果接近全局最优解。以多颗卫星对不同数量的点目标成像为条件,对模型进行测试,并与现有的规划模型对比。结果表明:文章提出的模型,能够在较短的时间内求解多星成像规划问题,得出较优的成像方案。     

地球同步轨道区域电磁频谱监视效能分析

地球同步轨道区域电磁频谱的监视效能进行了分析和仿真。首先针对目标卫星主瓣,进行了频谱监视的目标覆盖率与监视概率分析,结果表明通过主瓣方式实现频谱监视的可行性较差;进而提出基于目标卫星副瓣进行频谱监视的方法。理论分析得到了实现同步轨道目标卫星全覆盖的轨道高度差、监视角及监视距离之间的关系;最后以实际在轨的同步轨道卫星作为目标样本库,进行目标覆盖率仿真分析,结果验证了基于目标卫星副瓣进行地球同步轨道区域电磁频谱监视是可行的。     

微型卫星集群系统协同任务下的目标分配研究

微型卫星集群协同完成空间任务,是未来空间操作的重要形式,对其进行研究的重要 性日趋明显。通过对卫星集群多任务目标分配的分析,对多颗卫星拦截多个空间目标的任务 分配问题进行数学建模,然后依据轨道转移消耗能量最小以及计算时间的约束,采用基于遗 传算法的分配方法来求解,有效解决了微型卫星集群操作的多任务分配问题。
最后协同任务 算例的仿真结果表明,建立的模型和算法能够实现集群微型卫星的快速多任务目标分配,也 能够满足星上计算的时间要求。
     

IGSO和MEO卫星用于TWSTFT的卫星运动误差研究

针对倾斜地球同步轨道（IGSO）和中高地球轨道（MEO）卫星用于卫星双向时间传递（TWSTFT）时的卫星运动所引入的误差进行了研究,并对IGSO和MEO卫星应用于TWSTFT的可行性进行了分析。首先推导了TWSTFT中的卫星运动误差公式,并利用两行根数（TLE）对目前在轨的IGSO和MEO卫星的运动进行了计算,在此基础...     

嫦娥二号卫星绕日运行轨道分析

嫦娥二号(Chang’e-2)卫星是我国首颗绕日运行的人造行星,文章在给定卫星轨道数据的基础上,对其绕日运行的轨道进行分析。分析了卫星与地球的交会周期,以及一个交会周期内卫星相对地球和太阳的距离变化情况。通过分析得出了嫦娥二号卫星返回地球的速度增量需求和可飞越的目标小行星。分析结果可为嫦娥二号卫星后续任务的论证规划提供参考。     

Optimization of low-thrust orbit transfers with constraints

Approximate numerical methods of optimization are presented for multi-orbit noncoplanar orbit transfers of low-thrust spacecraft. The linear representation of derivatives of boundary parameters is used in the vicinity of a reference trajectory with its discretization into small segments. For each segment a set of pseudo-impulses is introduced, representing possible directions of the thrust vector. In order to solve essentially nonlinear problems, the iterative process of upgrading the reference trajectory is used. At each iteration the linear programming problem of high dimensionality is solved, its boundary conditions being represented in the form of a linear matrix equation. Interval constraints are considered in the form of blocking the propulsion system operation on shadow segments of the orbit, as well as cycling constraints, and constraints on total duration of maneuvers at certain trajectory segments. The results of comparison with solutions obtained by other methods are presented together with examples illustrating the convergence of iterative processes. Optimizations of the trajectories for launching geosynchronous satellites to their orbits and of the trajectories of a noncoplanar transfer from low to high-elliptic Molniya orbit are considered under these constraints.     

Orbital rendezvous mission planning using mixed integer nonlinear programming

The rendezvous and docking mission is usually divided into several phases, and the mission planning is performed phase by phase. A new planning method using mixed integer nonlinear programming, which investigates single phase parameters and phase connecting parameters simultaneously, is proposed to improve the rendezvous mission’s overall performance. The design variables are composed of integers and continuous-valued numbers. The integer part consists of the parameters for station-keeping and sensor-switching, the number of maneuvers in each rendezvous phase and the number of repeating periods to start the rendezvous mission. The continuous part consists of the orbital transfer time and the station-keeping duration. The objective function is a combination of the propellant consumed, the sun angle which represents the power available, and the terminal precision of each rendezvous phase. The operational requirements for the spacecraft–ground communication, sun illumination and the sensor transition are considered. The simple genetic algorithm, which is a combination of the integer-coded and real-coded genetic algorithm, is chosen to obtain the optimal solution. A practical rendezvous mission planning problem is solved by the proposed method. The results show that the method proposed can solve the integral rendezvous mission planning problem effectively, and the solution obtained can satisfy the operational constraints and has a good overall performance.     

Optimization of geosynchronous satellite constellation for independent regional navigation and positioning in Middle East region

Regional Navigation and positioning systems using geosynchronous satellites are emerging for different parts of the world. Optimal constellation geometry achievement for a set of geosynchronous satellites is a key sector in designing of such systems. Genetic algorithm is applied for optimization of constellations with 6 and 7 satellites which is to be used in Middle East region where these systems have been deprived of. Based on the fact that the coverage criterion is not sufficient enough to guarantee a good navigation service, positioning process by the satellite systems is discussed and the performance of the system on the basis of position dilution of precision is collected as the fitness criterion. Placing the satellites in groups to pass over the same ground track is applied as a constraint to the genetic algorithm. By simulation, performance of the best obtained results and GPS are compared in terms of position dilution of precision, visibility and the required epochs (time span) to resolve the ambiguities with a 99% success rate, in this region. Also, capability of the GA for such problems is demonstrated.     

Rotational and translational integrated control for Inner-formation Gravity Measurement Satellite System

Inner-Formation Gravity Measurement Satellite System (IFGMSS) is used to explore the Earth gravity using two satellites in an inner-formation flying mode. To fulfill the mission, relative position of the two satellites is required to be zeroed and attitude of the outer satellite should be stabilized in real-time. This paper proposed an integrated control scheme for the IFGMSS, and the main idea is to use only thrusters to control the relative position and attitude. The integrated control loop contains a control law's module and a control allocation law's module. The control law based on the feedback linearization method makes nonlinear dynamics counteracted and uses PD control law to reformulate the dynamics into a linear form. The integrated control allocation law is designed to assign the commanded control force and moment to each thruster dynamically. We transfer the control allocation problem into a linear programming (LP) problem and use the Optimal Theory to calculate the corresponding thrust of each thruster. Finally, an IFGMSS mission is simulated, where the two satellites fly in a circle orbit with a 300 km's altitude. Results using the integrated control scheme and the traditional separated control scheme are compared and analyzed. It has been found that the integrated control scheme is superior to the separated control scheme in output ability, level of redundancy and fuel cost.     

Optimal Choice of a Satellite Broadcasting System Based on High-Elliptic Orbits

The problem of the construction of a satellite broadcasting system whose capabilities are supplemented and expanded in comparison with geosynchronous satellites is considered. The optimal orbit of a high-elliptic satellite of the Earth, which provides for a maximal duration of stay of the satellite sighting line within the directional pattern of an antenna motionlessly installed on the Earth's surface, is determined. The advantages of using a satellite system with such orbits are shown.     

Optimum low thrust transfer to geosynchronous orbit

The low thrust transfer for geosynchronous mission has been studied by many investigators from the viewpoint of optimization in case of continuous thrust. This paper discusses the possibility of fuel saving to attain a geosynchronous orbit by introducing coast phases during each revolution. In advance of optimizing the whole transfer mission, optimization during a single revolution is treated, and it is shown that the entrance and the exit of optimal coasting arcs are expressed by a sixth order equation, which, in case of coplanar transfer, degenerates into a cubic equation, with respect to the cosine of true longitude. Then an optimum transfer to a geosynchronous orbit, including coast phases in each revolution, is simulated. Computational results for typical initial conditions are shown to be compared with those for all-propulsion cases.     

敏捷成像卫星调度的改进量子遗传算法

针对敏捷成像卫星调度问题中解空间大，选择任务的搜索空间和确定任务观测时间的搜索空间分别是离散域和连续域的难题。建立了多种决策变量混合的敏捷成像卫星调度模型，提出一种改进的量子遗传算法对其求解，改进的量子遗传算法采用二进制与实数杂合的编码方式，降低染色体的基因位编码数目，提高了搜索效率，有效适应了敏捷成像卫星调度问题中离散与连续混合的解空间；以杂合编码为基础，设计对应的观测函数将敏捷成像卫星调度问题的解映射到相位空间，从而将量子优化机制引入敏捷成像卫星调度问题中，利用量子遗传算法在相位空间搜索的特性解决敏捷成像卫星解空间大、解空间离散与连续并存的问题。最后，通过不同规模的仿真校验对算法的调度效果进行测试和分析。结果表明，所提改进的量子遗传算法在收敛速度和方案收益方面都有较好的表现，能够满足敏捷成像卫星调度的需要。     

Specific features of motion of geosynchronous satellites in the neighborhood of unstable stationary points

A study of peculiarities of the motion of equatorial circular geosynchronous satellites is performed in the neighborhoods of unstable stationary points with longitudes of 165° and 345°. The maps of initial conditions are constructed on the phase plane “longitude of subsatellite point-semi-major axis of orbit” corresponding to various types of regular motions and to quasi-random solutions. The dimensions of zones of the quasi-random solutions are within the limits from decimal fractions of a degree to a few degrees (in longitude) and from hundreds of meters up to several kilometers (along the semi-major axis).     

面向GEO目标的快速在线在轨服务任务规划

针对地球同步轨道多对多在轨服务任务规划问题,提出了一种基于拍卖算法和先验知识的改进启发式拍卖算法(IHAA)。首先,建立了基于Lambert变轨的任务规划问题表征,设计了给定变轨时长约束下的快速燃料最优估计策略。其次,针对考虑J 2摄动影响的航天器在轨服务规划问题,提出了一种基于拍卖算法的快速求解流程。其中,为确定每一轮拍卖算法任务列表,提出了基于变轨先验知识的目标优先级排序启发式策略,实现了快速的服务时序确定方法;此外,为减少因部分航天器服务能力低导致的分配失败情况,设计了一种基于失败任务再分配的重拍机制。最后,将所提算法与遗传算法、模拟退火算法进行了对比,结果表明IHAA可以快速给出相对适应度较高的规划结果,可用于突发事件星上在线自主规划,亦可提供优化算法初值以提升规划效率。     

80 mN霍尔推力器空心阴极寿命试验

我国的多个GEO卫星平台即将采用电推进系统完成轨道保持任务,其中比冲为1 600s的80 mN霍尔推力器是国际公认的最适合完成该项任务的推力器,也是目前国外卫星和深空探测器应用最广的电推力器.为满足15年GEO卫星寿命要求,80 mN霍尔推力器必须达到7500h和8 000次点火的寿命指标.空心阴极作为霍尔推力器的重要组件,其寿命和点火次数必须达到相应的指标.为此,上海空间推进研究所开展了80 mN霍尔推力器空心阴极的寿命试验,试验采用模拟推力器阳极的三极管工作方式进行.截止2013年8月上旬,试验件1完成10 322 h寿命试验（含4 549次点火）,试验件2完成24 248次加热器热循环试验.空心阴极的寿命已经达到任务要求,两个试验件的放电电压、触持极电压和点火时间等性能指标变化很小,目前试验还在持续进行中.