OLS—一个描述理论与实践交互作用的逻辑系统

定义了认知过程中出现的反例及反驳两个概念,定义了一个描述理论与实践交互作用的逻辑系统OLS,此系统由证明演算及假设演算组成。当反例(或反驳)出现时,通过假设演算,人们可以修改假设,使修改后的假设不仅是可满足的而且包含反例(或反驳)作为其逻辑结论。OLS在机器学习、知识获取、软件开发、故障诊断及知识库维修方面有着广泛的应用前景。     

混合系统的形式化验证

结合混合系统的研究对余度管理系统进行了形式化的分析和验证.采用的手段是时段演算技术及其扩展.首先进行形式化的需求分析,需求及其假设用时段演算表示,其次严格化地描述算法和参数的选取.在验证过程中,首先应用程序逻辑验证算法,算法的不变量以时段演算表示,最后在时段演算中验证整个系统的行为满足给定的需求.      

基于规则灵敏度的模糊逻辑系统结构简化方法

基于规则灵敏度给出了模糊逻辑系统结构简化的一种方法.首先引入规则灵敏度的概念,在此基础上构造一个新的函数,并将其作为罚函数加入目标函数作为新的性能指标.通过优化性能指标来调整模糊逻辑系统的参数,使其输出在逼近期望输出的同时,有尽可能多的规则灵敏度接近于0.通过消去灵敏度接近于0的规则可达到简化系统结构的目的.仿真结果证实了所给方法的有效性.     

Σ-演算的范畴模型

Σ-演算是并发演算CC的子理论,集中体现CC中的并行运算部分的特征。本文将并发通信系统看作是由状态加变换构成的动态系统,建立了Σ-演算的范畴模型(Categorical ModeI),其基本思想是:把Σ-演算中的公式对应于范畴构造中的对象(Objects),Σ-演算中的推演对应于范畴中的态射(Morphisms),从而通过Σ-演算的结构操作语义自然地得到一种范畴结构。这种方法可以推广到其它并发理论之中,例如网论和逻辑方法(如线性逻辑Linear Logic),从而范畴论可以作为描述并发、通信和非确定性行为的统一的形式化框架。     

大型不规则曲面加工机器人系统控制设计

对在不规则曲面上进行规则图形的加工,基于三自由度直角坐标机器人及二自由度变位机的加工系统,构造了控制软件系统.该系统实现了工程数据库的管理,加工序列的规划,切削路径的生成,自动离线编程与仿真,实时监测与异常处理,工况预测与误差补偿等功能.试验证明,该控制软件能准确、有效、实时地控制加工过程.      

基于度中心性的AFDX网络拓扑生成

航空电子系统随着任务需求和技术的发展不断向深度综合演进,其系统的复杂性给网络的设计和验证带来了巨大的挑战,如何通过网络生成实现受限资源条件下航电信息交互的实时性能保障是目前亟待解决的问题。针对目前存在的无法对航电网络进行实时性调控的拓扑设计方法进行改进,依据终端节点之间所有虚拟链路的最大通信帧长之和的大小关系,提出一种基于度中心性理论的航空电子全双工交换式以太网（AFDX）网络拓扑生成算法。将终端节点之间数据帧长作为节点度的衡量标准,对所有终端节点进行集合划分,并根据集合中终端节点的数据帧长对交换机进行连接。采用确定性网络演算以及仿真的方法对基于度中心性的AFDX网络拓扑生成算法进行效能评估。利用确定性网络演算方法,在小规模虚拟链路（VL）的组网下,结果显示:基于度中心性的拓扑生成算法生成的网络拓扑中75%的VLs实时性能优于原始人工设计的网络拓扑,且端到端延迟平均减小9.37%。利用OMNet++仿真方法,在1 400条虚拟链路的组网规模下,结果显示:基于度中心性的拓扑生成算法生成的网络拓扑中94.3%的VLs实时性能优于人为规划网络拓扑,且端到端延迟平均减小50.2%。由此表明:基于度中心性的拓扑生成算法很大程度上提高了网络的实时性能保障。      

基于模糊逻辑的预测再入制导方法

在研究再入飞行器预测制导基础上,针对实时性要求,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑系统的模糊预测制导方法.首先研究分析了再入飞行器落点纵程与飞行高度、弹道倾角三者之间的联系;设计了以再入飞行器落点偏差和飞行高度为输入,弹道倾角角速度为输出的模糊逻辑系统;并在此基础上根据专家经验制定模糊规则,设计模糊预测制导算法.该方法避免了一般预测制导在形成弹道倾角修正指令时所需要的大量迭代运算,有效减小了预测制导指令的解算时间,为再入飞行器在再入过程中全程使用预测制导提供了可能.仿真结果表明:该方法实时性好,落点精度高,抗干扰能力强,且具有一定的工程实用价值.      

基于TTE的改进加权轮询调度算法

在时间触发以太网(TTE)中,TT消息优先级最高,RC消息只能在TT消息调度的离散时间片内传输,因此,TT消息离线调度表的设计会对RC消息调度产生一定影响。针对这一问题,提出了基于最优时间片的改进加权轮询(MWRR)调度算法。首先,通过TT消息约束条件限制获得TT消息离线调度表,进而得到保证RC消息较大资源利用率的时间片信息;其次,在离散时间片对不同类型RC消息进行调度,并运用网络演算方法对其最坏端到端延迟进行分析;最后,通过实验仿真证实了本文算法不仅具有较低的复杂度和较好的公平性,保证了实际应用中算法的可行性,而且在时延性方面均优于先到先得(FIFO)、优先级(PQ)和加权轮询(WRR)调度算法。     

兵棋推演与美国天军兵力设计

正美国天军(USSF)从空军(USAF)独立后,专门成立空间战分析中心(SWAC),研究如何使用兵棋推演驱动完善兵力设计。由此可见,美国太空军事力量的发展变革,很大程度上得益于兵棋推演的深度运用。全面梳理兵棋推演的起源发展、历史作用,并结合"施里弗"(SW)演习等兵棋推演活动,深入挖掘太空兵棋推演对美国太空作战指挥体制、天军独立及其建设发展的推动和完善,对于认识和理解兵棋推演对兵力设计的驱动引领作用,尤其是其在太空作战、网络作战等新型作战领域的运用具有重要意义。     

关系数据库的自动生成与维护

随着计算机信息处理量的日益增长,数据处理部门的能力愈发不能满足需要,这就要求向数据处理专业人员提供新工具以提高其生产力。对关系数据库的自动生成与维护的研究就是出于这个目的。本文将基于假说演算的逻辑程序自动设计技术引入关系数据库之中,并使其成为关系数据库应用系统自动生成与自动维护的核心技术。利用这一技术,可以把自动设计出的逻辑程序通过程序变换途径转换为数据库查询语句。目前,我们已利用这一技术建立了一个实验系统,利用它已可以自动构造和维护一些小规模的数据系统。     

On extended thermonuclear functions through pathway model

The major problem in the cosmological nucleosynthesis is the evaluation of the reaction rate. The present scenario is that the standard thermonuclear function in the Maxwell–Boltzmann form is evaluated by using various techniques. The Maxwell–Boltzmannian approach to nuclear reaction rate theory is extended to cover Tsallis statistics (Tsallis, 1988) and more general cases of distribution functions. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate in some more detail the extended reaction probability integral in the equilibrium thermodynamic argument and in the cut-off case. The extended reaction probability integrals will be evaluated in closed form for all convenient values of the parameter by means of residue calculus. A comparison of the standard reaction probability integrals with the extended reaction probability integrals is also done.     

Autonomic straightening of gravitropically curved cress roots in microgravity.

The typical response of plant organs to gravistimulation is differential growth that leads to organ bending. If the gravitropic stimulus is withdrawn, endogenous compensation of the graviresponse and subsequent straightening occur in some plants. For instance, autonomic straightening of Lepidium roots occurs when gravitropically-curved rootsare rotated on a clinostat (Stankovi et al., 1998a). To determine whether endogenous compensation of the graviresponse also occurs in space, microgravity-grown cress roots were laterally centrifuged in-flight and then returned to microgravity using Biorack hardware on a shuttle mission (STS-81). The cress roots were centrifuged at 4 different g-doses (0.1 x g and 1 x g for 15 or 75 min). All four treatments yielded varying degrees of root curvature. Upon removal from the centrifuge, roots in all four treatments underwent subsequent straightening in microgravity. This straightening resulted from a loss of gravitropic curvature in older regions of the root and the coordinated alignment of new growth. These results show that both microgravity and clinostat rotation on Earth are equivalent in stimulus withdrawal with respect to the induction of endogenous compensation of the curvature. Cress roots are the only plant organ shown to undergo compensation of the curvature in both microgravity and on a clinostat. The compensation of graviresponse in space rules out the hypothesis that the endogenous root straightening ("autotropism") represents a commitment to a pre-stimulus orientation with respect to gravity and instead suggests that there is a default tendency towards axiality following a withdrawal of a g-stimulus.     

CC—高阶通信系统的并发演算

并发演算CC(Concurrent Calculus)是高阶并发通信系统的数学模型,它把λ-演算作为子理论并包含一阶通信系统演算CCS、活动进程演算CMP、和高阶通信系统演算CHOCS的主要特征。在CC中,通信端口可为任意表达式并且进程和通信端口都可以作为在通信中传递的一等对象(First-class Objects)。从而CC不仅可以描述一阶通信行为而且可以刻划通信网络的动态自修改行为。另外,由于CC把λ-演算和进程演算纳入同一形式系统,故CC可以作为并发函数式程序设计的核心语言和理论模型。本文首先给出CC的语法、语义和例子,然后研究CC的高阶双向模拟等价关系以及CC的代数定律。最后简单讨论了相关的工作和今后的研究方向。     

DNA double strand break production and rejoining in V79 cells irradiated with light ions.

Low energy protons and other densely ionizing light ions are known to have RBE>1 for cellular end points relevant for stochastic and deterministic effects. The occurrence of a close relationship between them and induction of DNA dsb is still a matter of debate. We studied the production of DNA dsb in V79 cells irradiated with low energy protons having LET values ranging from 11 to 31 keV/micrometer, i.e. in the energy range characteristic of the Bragg peak, using the sedimentation technique. We found that the initial yield of dsb is quite insensitive to proton LET and not significantly higher than that observed with X-rays, in agreement with recent data on V79 cells irradiated with alpha particles of various LET up to 120 keV/micrometer. By contrast, RBE for cell inactivation and for mutation induction rises with the proton LET. In experiments aimed at evaluating the rejoining of dsb after proton irradiation we found that the amount of dsb left unrepaired after 120 min incubation is higher for protons than for sparsely ionizing radiation. These results indicate that dsb are not homogeneous with respect to repair and give support to the hypothesis that increasing LET leads to an increase in the complexity of DNA lesions with a consequent decrease in their repairability.     

人体温度场的边界元分析

针对人体温度场模型复杂,计算难度很大,需要简化计算,采用了边界元法.利用边界元法是以边界点上未知函数满足积分方程为基础进行近似计算的这一特点,对人体温度场模型进行了三维计算,并给出结果,与其它方法和实验比较,吻合较好.     

Laser ablation of root cap cells: implications for models of graviperception.

The initial event of gravity perception by plants is generally thought to occur through sedimentation of amyloplasts in specialized sensory cells. In the root, these cells are the columella which are located toward the center of the root cap. To define more precisely the contribution of columella cells to root gravitropism, we used laser ablation to remove single columella cells or groups of these cells and observed the effect of their removal on gravity sensing and response. Complete removal of the cap or all the columella cells (leaving peripheral cap cells intact) abolishes the gravity response of the root. Removal of stories of columella revealed differences between regions of the columella with respect to gravity sensing (presentation time) versus graviresponse (final tropic growth response of the root). This fine mapping revealed that ablating the central columella located in story 2 had the greatest effect on presentation time whereas ablating columella cells in story 3 had a smaller or no effect. However, when removed by ablation the columella cells in story 3 did inhibit gravitropic bending, suggesting an effect on translocation of the gravitropic signal from the cap rather than initial gravity perception. Mapping the in vivo statolith sedimentation rates in these cells revealed that the amyloplasts of the central columella cells sedimented more rapidly than those on the flanks do. These results show that cells with the most freely mobile amyloplasts generate the largest gravisensing signal consistent with the starch statolith hypothesis of gravity sensing in roots.