基于MDO方法的月球探测卫星总体设计

根据月球探测卫星任务及环境的特点,在将多学科设计优化(MDO)方法用于卫星总体概念阶段的设计。分析了卫星总体设计中轨道设计、卫星设计和发射选择间的耦合关系与协同效应,建立了MDO的简化模型。用单级整体优化策略(AAO)和多岛遗传算法(MIGA)进行优化。算例结果表明,MDO简化模型可有效解决卫星概念设计阶段中的多学科耦合。     

有分布质量系绳的卫星系统的动力学

以一组偏微分方程建立起的数学模型和采用距离速率控制算法来描述系统的受控运动。创建的递推算法用于计算系统的定常运动和称驻形。根据求解小偏差运动方程和通过边界条件求解特征根以判定驻形的稳定性。给出了模拟结果。     

分布式卫星编队飞行队形保持协同控制

针对分布式卫星编队飞行队形保持控制问题提出一种分布式协同控制算法,并给出该协同控制算法与编队卫星星间信息传递拓扑结构之间的关系。该协同控制算法以模型预测控制为基础,利用分布式编队卫星的自然特性以及编队卫星之间的信息传递拓扑结构,采用分布式的算法结构,设计分布式的模型预测协同控制算法。该控制算法是一种在线滚动优化控制算法,同时能够较好地解决存在状态约束、控制输入约束等情形下的各种控制问题。最后通过数值仿真验证了结果的有效性。仿真结果表明,当编队卫星星间信息传递拓扑结构中存在生成树时,提出的分布式协同控制算法能够有效地应用到编队卫星队形保持控制问题上来。     

卫星集群网络仿真建模与路由算法性能分析

卫星集群是一类基于星间协同工作的分布式卫星系统,具有空间结构灵活、数据共享、智能服务等特点。针对当前卫星集群网络仿真平台及其路由算法的研究的不足,基于网络仿真软件NS-3与卫星场景分析软件STK,设计了卫星集群生成模块,搭建了更准确、通用且可扩展的卫星集群网络仿真平台。通过同单一的STK卫星轨道数据对比,验证了仿真平台中卫星运动模块的有效性。对AODV(自组网按需距离矢量路由),DSDV(目标序列距离矢量路由)和OLSR(链路状态优化路由)算法应用在卫星集群网络中的性能进行了仿真。结果表明:OLSR算法在卫星集群网络中性能最优,其分簇和链路状态感知机制可为卫星集群网络路由算法的研究提供借鉴。     

基于Petri网的分布式编队小卫星星间通信仿真平台研究

针对编队小卫星星间通信的要求,提出基于Petri网的分布式编队小卫星星 间通信系统仿真平台。首先对编队小卫星星间通信系统进行TTDPN(T\|Timed Discrete Pe tri Net,TTDPN)建模,并建立该模型与分布式仿真平台间的映射。根据该映射关系设计编 队小卫星星间通信仿真平台的逻辑结构和数据流,搭建分布式编队小卫星星间通信系统仿真 平台。联合空间环境、姿态和轨道等分系统,重点对星间通信系统中信道编译码模块和扩频 解扩模块中的关键技术进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明：基于Petri网的分布式编队小卫星星 间通信系统仿真平台能够显著缩短仿真时间,提高仿真精度和仿真结果的置信度,提高通信 系统中模块的设计效率。
     

SAR干涉测高分布式小卫星编队构形优化设计

SAR干涉（InSAR）测高是分布式卫星目前一个重要的应用方向。星间基线是系统高程理论精度的决定性因素之一，而基线是由编队构形决定的，因此构形设计是InSAR测高分布式小卫星系统顶层设计的一个关键内容。针对设计变量与目标函数之间的关系非常复杂，没有简单明确的解析形式的特点，选择遗传算法作为优化算法进行构形的优化设计，给出了编码方法和适应度函数。以典型雷达卫星参数为初始条件，对几种不同构形进行了仿真，结果表明在一个轨道周期内，双星空间编队约有一半时间能够满足精度优于1m的要求，是进行InSAR测高的首选构形。     

Development of a high-precision selenodetic coordinate system for the physical surface of the Moon based on LED beacons on its surface

The paper presents a mathematical algorithm for processing an array of angular measurements of light beacons on images of the lunar surface onboard a polar artificial lunar satellite (PALS) during the Luna–Glob mission and coordinate–time referencing of the PALS for the development of reference selenocentric coordinate systems. The algorithm makes it possible to obtain angular positions of point light beacons located on the surface of the Moon in selenocentric celestial coordinates. The operation of measurement systems that determine the position and orientation of the PALS during its active existence have been numerically simulated. Recommendations have been made for the optimal use of different types of measurements, including ground radio trajectory measurements, navigational star sensors based on the onboard star catalog, gyroscopic orientation systems, and space videos of the lunar surface.     

立方星电源系统最大功率点跟踪优化控制方法

针对立方星在能量来源严重受限条件下如何提高太阳能利用率的难题，提出一种适用于立方星的集中供电式空间微电源架构(EPS)，并设计基于改进粒子群优化算法的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制策略来提升能量转换效率。首先，推导太阳电池阵列的数学模型，并根据太阳电池阵列的工作特性，提出电源系统最大功率点跟踪控制的物理系统实现结构。其次，设计基于改进粒子群优化(PSO)的最大功率点跟踪控制算法，并进行了数学仿真校验。最后，对所设计的电源系统架构进行了硬件实现和试验验证。地面试验结果表明，电源系统的太阳能最大转换效率可达95.5%。该电源系统成功应用于世界首颗12U立方星“翱翔之星”的飞行试验，在轨数据表明电源系统工作状态良好，为微纳卫星电源系统的设计提供了有益参考。     

分布式小卫星SAR回波信号精确仿真方法研究

针对分布式小卫星SAR回波信号仿真，建立丁回波信号的数学模型，并基于空间坐标变换建立了分布式小卫星SAR回波信号仿真模型。通过计算机仿真，生成了一组Cartwheel构型的主星带伴随星群的分布式小卫星SAR回波信号，并通过成像及干涉处理，得到干涉相位图，验证了模型的有效性。仿真结果证明，本文提出的仿真模型能够精确的模拟分布式小卫星SAR回波信号，并能够灵活地注入各种误差，生成有效的回波仿真数据。     

系绳卫星体制高精度INSAR系统设计

针对现有分布式干涉系统难以实现更高比例尺高效率地形测绘的问题,提出了一种基于系绳卫星体制的InSAR系统。首先,结合系绳卫星动力学仿真,给出了系绳干涉系统的几何模型,提出了系绳干涉系统的工作模式,然后研究了系绳卫星SAR载荷的具体工程实现途径,提出了基于系绳电缆解决实现同步和相位同步的方法。首次建立了系绳长度及面内角等参数与模糊高度的关系,对SAR载荷的工作频段、发射峰值功率、天线口径、入射角范围等进行了优化设计。对系绳InSAR系统的关键性能指标进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明该系统可以实现0.5m测高精度等核心指标。该研究提出了一种1:5000比例尺的高精度测绘SAR系统,相对测高精度比德国的Tandem-X系统提升了4倍,可为我国后续开展高精度星载InSAR工程研制提供参考。     

掺铈玻璃型二次表面镜热控性能稳定性研究

对卫星用掺铈玻璃型二次表面镜(SSM)的热控性能在空间辐照环境中的长期稳定性进行了研究。给出了经紫外、电子和质子模拟辐照试验后，导电和非导电掺传玻璃型二次表面镜热控性能的数据，并对其衰退机理进行了分析。结果表明，掺铈玻璃型二次表面镜的热控性能在地球同步轨道空间辐照环境中的长期稳定性可以满足卫星设计要求。     

Control of satellite imaging formations in multi-body regimes

Libration point orbits may be ideal locations for satellite imaging formations. Therefore, control of these arrays in multi-body regimes is critical. A continuous feedback control algorithm is developed that maintains a formation of satellites in motion that is bounded relative to a halo orbit. This algorithm is derived based on the dynamic characteristics of the phase space near periodic orbits in the circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP). By adjusting parameters of the control algorithm appropriately, satellites in the formation follow trajectories that are particularly advantageous to imaging arrays. Image reconstruction and coverage of the (u, v) plane are simulated for interferometric satellite configurations, demonstrating potential applications of the algorithm and the resulting motion.     

Development of a global EDOS: political support and constraints

The development of a global environmental and disaster satellite observation system (EDOS) has recently received attention, particularly as a potential cooperative project with the USA and Japan as the initiators. Such a system, proponents contend, would provide valuable and potentially lifesaving information to developed and particularly developing countries which might not otherwise have such information available, as well as provide a vehicle to strengthen ties between the USA and Japan at a time when strife over trade issues is too often emphasized. The initiation of such a project, however, has not been without difficulty. Beyond the technical issues, there has been hesitation and scepticism on the part of some national space players concerning the project, often motivated by parochial political concerns rather than conceptual or technical issues. The focus of this article is an examination of those political factors which have acted as impetus and barriers for the initiative, using interviews with programme participants, direct author observation at related meetings and internal documents and correspondence.     

GNSS导航信号体制兼容性分析

导航信号体制设计是卫星导航系统设计的重要方面。文中结合Compass、GPS和Galileo系统信号体制设计,分析了Compass系统拟采用的调制方式性能及与其他卫星导航系统的兼容性能,仿真了最坏接收情况下的Galileo系统的授权信号增强对Compass系统部分信号的性能影响。     

国外低轨物联网星座系统发展分析

随着地面移动通信系统的建设发展和移动互联网业务的爆发式增长,多样化的移动通信需求和应用场景不断涌现,传统的“人与人”之间的通信正在扩展向“人与物”、“物与物”的通信。物联网(internet of things, IoT)技术近年飞速发展,并已投入广泛建设和应用。卫星因其广域覆盖和抗毁性,比较适应于大区域数据采集和物联业务。近年来随着卫星通信技术能力的提升和产业链条的优化,商业航天蓬勃发展,天地一体成为趋势。天基物联网、天地融合物联网成为新的关注点。国际上近年来涌现出数十个天基物联网系统,部分已投入工程建设和应用,已在天基物联网的系统架构和体制设计上取得进展。针对卫星物联网技术发展和建设应用开展调研,对Orbcomm、Kepler、SpaceMobile、ELO等低轨星座物联网系统的建设规划、能力定位、系统架构、星座方案、通信技术、频率资源、市场应用等方面进行了全面分析,并对天基物联网星座系统的发展趋势和关键问题进行总结。     

Enhancing ground communication of distributed space systems

The functionality of a distributed system can be significantly enhanced by exploring non-traditional approaches that leverage on inherent aspects of distributed systems in space. Till now, the benefit of distributed systems in space has been limited to enhancing coverage, multipoint sensing, creating virtual baselines (e.g. interferometry) or to enhance redundancy. The list of benefits can be further expanded by understanding the nature of distributed systems and by productively incorporating it into mission and spacecraft design. For example, prior knowledge of the spatial evolution of such systems can lead to innovative communication architectures for these distributed systems. In this paper, different communication scenarios are investigated that can enhance the communication link between the distributed system and ground.The increasing trend towards highly miniaturized spacecraft (nano- to femto-satellites) and proposals to launch hundreds or even thousands of them in massively distributed space missions have expanded the interest in distributed systems with miniature spacecraft. It is important to understand how and which, functionalities and systems, scale with size and number. Scalable systems are defined and addressed at a basic level and the utility of scaling rules and trends in identifying optimal configurations of distributed systems is explored.In this paper we focus on the communication capability and identify methods to enhance the communication link between a distributed space segment, consisting of a number of simplistic, resource limited femto-satellites, and earth. As an example, the concept of forming a dynamic phased array in space with the elements of a distributed space system in low-earth orbit is investigated. At the ground receiver, the signals from different satellites forming the array should not differ in phase by more than one-third the transmission wavelength, to ensure constructive superposition. Realizing such a phased array places strict accuracy requirements on time synchronization and knowledge of relative separation between the satellites with respect to the ground receiver. These constraints are derived and discussed.     

Galileo系统在空间飞行器定位中的应用

欧洲的Galileo系统将在2008年建成，届时它将与美国的GPS系统相互补充。在对Galileo系统导航星座轨道和信号结构分析的基础上，结合各种不同轨道高度的空间飞行器用户的动态特点，推导了用户卫星接收天线的可见可用性模型，建立了基于Galileo坐标系统(ITRF-96)的高动态定位算法模型，针对实际航天工程任务的LEO和GEO卫星进行了定位仿真，为Galileo系统在空间领域的实际应用打下了基础。     

Bayesian framework for assessing the value of scientific space systems: Value of information approach with application to earth science spacecraft

Space systems play an important role in today's society by generating or transmitting information from source to sink(s). The acquisition of the space system is often justified by the type, quantity and quality of information provided or transmitted. This work posits that the value of a class of space systems derives from and can be assessed through the value of information these systems provide. To this effect, a Bayesian framework is developed to assess system value in which systems are viewed as information sources, and stakeholders as information recipients. Information has value to stakeholders as it helps to update their beliefs, enabling them to make decisions that can yield higher expected pay-offs than in the absence of information. This increase in expected pay-offs is ascribed to the value of the system. Based on this idea, a new metric, Value-of-Design (VOD), is introduced to quantify the value of a class of space systems with unpriced services. The Bayesian framework assesses the Value-of-Design for the space system by considering the impact of the information transmitted on the actions taken by stakeholders, and estimating the resulting pay-offs from these actions. The framework here developed is then applied to the case of an Earth Science satellite that provides hurricane information to oil rig operators in the Gulf of Mexico. Probability models of stakeholders’ beliefs, and economic models of pay-offs are developed and integrated with a spacecraft design tool. Results from the application point to clusters of payload instruments that yielded higher information value, and minimum information thresholds below which it is difficult to justify the acquisition of the system. Additionally, the system is analyzed in Cost-VOD trade space to provide program managers with additional insights into the coupling of a system's predicted value generation and its associated lifecycle cost.     

一种基于正弦波高精度互模糊函数的通信卫星干扰定位技术

通信卫星系统易遭到敌方恶意干扰、地面无意干扰，对通信卫星系统的干扰排查具有重要意义，而通信卫星系统的干扰定位一直是重难点问题。在双星定位互模糊函数算法的基础上，提出了一种基于正弦波高精度互模糊函数频差估计方法，同时针对利用两颗静止通信卫星实现干扰定位时主信号和辅助信号信噪比差异大、辅助信号微弱的问题，采用改进的互模糊度函数实现双星TDOA和FDOA的测量，完成对通信卫星系统干扰信号的定位。仿真试验表明，采用本算法，对通信卫星系统干扰信号的定位精度较高，满足系统实际运用要求。