大跨度悬索桥钢箱主梁涡振性能优化风洞试验研究

以某大跨度钢箱梁悬索桥为工程背景,该桥桥面高速公路与人行道并存,桥面栏杆较多,且设置了防抛网,主梁竖向及扭转涡振明显.通过节段模型风洞试验研究了检修车轨道位置、桥面栏杆、分流板以及攻角和阻尼等对主梁涡激振动性能的影响,提出了优化主梁涡振的气动措施.试验结果表明,优化检修车轨道位置和在主梁风嘴处设置分流板能有效地抑制主梁涡振.     

Π形板梁分离流扭转颤振机理数值研究

采用离散涡方法及流场可视化技术识别桥梁Π形板梁断面的旋涡脱落机制.流场可视化显示,来流绕过振动的Π形板梁断面时,在主梁断面前缘下部分离泡形成并发展为主涡结构,主涡结构沿主梁断面下表面漂移并经断面后缘下端进入尾流,主涡结构的形成时间及沿主梁断面的漂移过程对气动力起直接的主导作用;计算结果也表明恰当地布置稳定板能将颤振形态从单自由度扭转颤振转化为两自由度弯扭耦合颤振,颤振临界风速可明显提高.     

考虑桥塔风效应的斜拉桥时域抖振分析

大跨度桥梁频域及时域抖振分析中通常仅考虑主梁的脉动风效应.本文根据大跨度斜拉桥结构形式及振动型态的特点,结合自然风的相关特性,对大跨度斜拉桥三维脉动风场进行简化,从而基于谱解法同时模拟了主梁及桥塔的脉动风速场.基于模拟的随机风场对结构风荷载进行时域化,进而建立系统运动控制方程.由于自激力的存在,结构的运动控制方程为非线性方程,本文提出了一种迭代方法来考虑由自激力引起的运动方程的非线性.为考察桥塔脉动风速场的影响,分别进行了考虑桥塔风场和不考虑桥塔风场两种情况下桥梁抖振响应的分析,两种方法的分析结果表明,考虑桥塔风场将显著增大桥塔横桥向抖振响应.     

风环境下行驶于大跨度桥梁上的车辆安全评价及影响因素研究

建立了风环境下行驶于振荡桥梁上的车辆受到侧向突发阵风时的车辆安全性分析方法.定义了包括侧翻、侧滑和偏转在内的三种风致车辆事故.在综合考虑路面粗糙度、车辆悬挂系统以及车轮相对于桥面侧向相对滑动的基础上,提出了能够考虑桥梁的静风响应、抖振响应、汽车一桥梁耦合振动、系统的时变特性以及结构几何非线性和气动荷载非线性影响的风一汽车一桥梁系统空间耦合分析模型,编制了相应的分析程序.以杭州湾跨海大桥为工程实例,运用所编制的程序研究了路面粗糙度、风速以及干、湿、雪、冰路面状况对行驶于桥梁上的车辆安全性的影响,给出了典型车辆在桥梁上发生事故的临界风速,并与车辆行驶于路面上的相应值进行了对比;对比表明:振荡的桥梁会降低车辆发生事故的临界风速.     

紧邻高陡山体桥址区风特性数值模拟研究

以紧邻高陡山体的大跨度悬索桥为工程背景,应用CFD商业软件FLUENT对桥址区复杂地形地貌进行了区域地形风场数值模拟研究,通过多工况的对比分析,探讨了不同来流情况下高陡山体对主梁平均风速、风攻角以及风剖面的影响,讨论了桥址区的峡谷风效应.研究结果表明,随来流方向的不同,主梁平均风速、风攻角及风剖面形状在高陡山体附近变化的规律以及受高陡山体影响的范围不同,桥址处未形成明显的峡谷风效应.研究结论为该桥的进一步抗风设计提供依据.     

多孔扰流板对半封闭窄箱梁涡振的减振效果

大跨度桥梁涡激共振是影响桥梁运营阶段行车舒适性和桥梁构件疲劳寿命的重要因素。以某半封闭钢箱梁斜拉桥为工程背景,通过节段模型风洞试验研究了在宽高比约为8．1的半封闭窄箱梁底板外缘安装多孔扰流板气动措施的涡振减振效果。结果表明：对于这类半封闭窄箱梁,在上游侧安装多孔板的减振效果略好于上下游两侧同时安装多孔板的减振效果,只在下游侧安装多孔板的减振效果要明显不如前二者;此外,多孔板悬挑宽度对其涡振减振效果也有较大影响,一般来说多孔板悬挑宽度越大,减振效果越好,尤其是对于只在下游侧安装多孔板的情况,多孔板悬出宽度对减振效果的影响更明显。     

Impulse radar evaluation of concrete, asphalt and waterproofingmembrane

Impulse radar has proved to be effective in the nondestructive testing of bridge decks composed of layers of dielectric materials such as asphalt, waterproofing membrane, and reinforced concrete. In this work, the waveform reflected from these materials are modeled and analyzed theoretically. The relative dielectric constants are measured using sample blocks, and the reflected radar waveform are related to the actual physical structures. It is found that asphalt thickness and cover over reinforcement can be accurately determined     

Short-distance ultra wideband radars

The possibility of ultrawideband (UWB) radar usage in various fields for remote measuring the object's motion at short distance is considered. Application of UWB radar in medicine for remote measuring of patient's heart activity and respiration is shown. The measuring method is described and practical results of tests are cited. The opportunity of radar application in other areas is described.     

侧向甲板运动补偿技术研究

 为提高着舰的安全性, 减小着舰误差, 研究了侧向甲板运动补偿机理, 设计了雷达测量轴跟踪滤波器, 导出了侧向甲板运动补偿指令模型, 建立了甲板运动补偿状态下侧向自动着舰导引系统结构配置, 仿真表明, 开发的甲板运动补偿技术可有效地补偿由海浪引起的着舰误差。     

A state-of-the-art review in radar polarimetry and its applicationsin remote sensing

The authors assess the state of the art, focusing on their own contributions. Covered areas are the electromagnetic inverse problem in radar polarimetry, coherent polarization radar theory, partially coherent polarization radar theory, vector (polarization) inverse scattering approaches, the polarimetric matched filter approach, polarimetric Doppler radar applications in meteorology and oceanography, and image fidelity in microwave vector diffraction tomographic imaging     

拦阻钩初次碰撞道面反弹动力学

分析了飞机着舰拦阻时,拦阻钩初次接触道面碰撞后被反弹的动力学成因,建立了飞机拦阻钩碰撞道面的弹跳模型。研究了下滑轨迹角和甲板角对拦阻钩碰撞反弹角速度和拦阻钩所受冲量的影响,并分别考虑了航母俯仰运动和甲板凸起物对拦阻钩碰撞反弹性能的影响。结果表明：轨迹角约4°时,拦阻钩反弹角速度和其所受冲量随下滑轨迹角呈线性变化;反弹角速度与甲板角的余弦成反比,道面冲量与甲板角余弦的平方成反比;航母向上的俯仰运动和甲板凸起物增大了拦阻钩反弹角速度,凸起物达到一定角度时,机身推拦阻钩的冲量变为拉拦阻钩的冲量。该模型的结果为机身和拦阻钩装置的设计提供了重要依据。     

Analysis of Surface Micro Machined RF MEMS Phase Shifters

Development of low loss radio frequency micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) phase shifters for radar and telecommunication applications is presented. Numerical simulation results using electromagnetic simulator tools (CST - Germany) along with fabricated wafer level measurement results of two distributed MEMS phase shifters are presented herein for upstate capacitive bridge position. The distributed MEMS phase shifter consists of coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line and several MEMS bridges loading capacitively on transmission lines to create a slow wave structure. Two configurations of phase shifters are presented. 1) Conventional distributed MEMS transmission line (DMTL) 2) coplanar waveguide - microstrip - coplanar waveguide (CPW-MS-CPW), with microstrip as the transmission line and CPW as input and output line. The electromagnetic simulation results of gap height variation to change the phase velocity and, in turn, phase shift is presented. Work is underway to vary the gap height between transmission line and the bridge, applying the actuation voltage to bridge capacitors, which, in turn, will vary the bridge capacitance, changing the phase velocity on fabricated phase shifters. The match between simulated results and wafer level measurements are encouraging and will be presented in the full paper. Work is also underway to validate wafer level measurements along with numerical simulation using circuit models using circuit simulator. The custom model libraries for phase shifters are being developed. The results are encouraging.     

大振幅下薄翼和流线型箱梁的气动迟滞研究

回顾了机翼和箱梁的气动迟滞效应研究现状,介绍了大振幅下获取薄翼和流线型箱梁自激气动力的风洞试验。研究结果表明：薄翼在超过失速角的振幅条件下,升力并没有出现明显的失速现象,但气动力的高阶谐波分量显著增加;大振幅条件下,流线型箱梁的气动力高阶谐波分量也比较显著,并以第2和第3阶谐波分量为主。此外,在大振幅条件下,流线型箱梁的气动力矩迟滞曲线可出现“8字环”,即气动力在一个振动周期内既做了正功也做了负功;其中,迟滞曲线“8字环”的气动正功部分随着振幅和折算风速的增大而增加。该现象可导致桥梁也出现类似于失速机翼的极限环震荡。最后,基于不同振幅下流线型箱梁的力矩迟滞曲线,简要讨论了大跨度桥梁在颤振后状态可能出现的振动形式和气动稳定性。     

Dynamics Model of Carrier-based Aircraft Landing Gears Landed on Dynamic Deck

In order to study the carrier-based aircraft landing laws landed on the carrier, the dynamics model of carrier-based aircraft landing gears landed on dynamic deck is built. In this model, the interactions of the carrier-based aircraft landing attitude and the damping force acting on landing gears are considered, and the influence of dynamic deck is introduced into the model through the deck normal vectors. The wheel-deck coordinate system is put forward to solve the complex simulation problem of force-on-wheel which comes from the dynamic deck. At last, by simulation, it is demonstrated that the model can be applied to landing attitude when the carrier-based aircraft is landing on the dynamic deck, it is also proved that the model is comprehensive and suitable for any abnormal landing situation.     

多雷达航迹的镶拼处理

本文主要讨论如何对航管中心的多雷达航迹相关进行分析处理，其方法将多部不同程式雷达覆盖的管制区域，分成若干小格。     

Effects of Navigation Errors in Maneuvering SAR

A maneuvering synthetic aperture radar in squint mode, during a loosely piloted maneuver, is simulated with presence of various navigation system errors. The error sources investigated place emphasis on short-term effects, involving platform servo transients, noise and quantization in accelerometers, interaction of angle pickoff uncertainty with the displacement from platform to radar antenna, and uncertainty in this displacement itself. Simulation results are accompained by interpretive discussion, and followed by suggested areas for further study.     

台风“麦莎”作用下润扬悬索桥抖振响应实测研究

既有桥梁抖振响应的现场实测研究,是桥梁风工程研究领域的重要手段之一.2005年8月,台风"麦莎"突袭江苏,本文以遭受该台风袭击的润扬长江大桥南汊悬索桥为工程背景,利用该桥结构健康监测系统(SHMS)中风速仪和加速度传感器实时采集的数据,采用时频分析和统计方法对大跨悬索桥的抖振响应进行了现场实测案例研究,主要研究内容包括桥址区的强风特性分析、主梁和缆索振动响应特性分析、振动与风速的关系等.研究结果可用于验证现有抖振理论分析方法的可靠性,同时为其它同类型大跨缆索承重桥梁的抗风设计提供参考.     

SCR-584 radar and the Mark 56 naval gun fire control system

The pioneering World War II effort of marrying precision radar to antiaircraft fire-control computers is described. The people and organizations involved are discussed, and the new areas of application opened by the research are addressed. The technical problems that had to be solved are examined     

非对称地面效应对无尾飞机稳定性的影响

针对非对称地面效应,重点研究了非对称地面效应对飞机横向和航向气动特性的影响.采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法研究了机翼弦平面距甲板高度、雷诺数和甲板风速的影响,并通过与以往文献中的试验数据对比,验证了CFD方法的准确性.机翼弦平面高度是升力、滚转力矩和偏航力矩最主要的影响因素,降低机翼弦平面高度会减弱横向和航向稳定性.机翼弦平面高度从1.5m降低到1.2m和1.0m时,横向稳定性分别降低了2.8%和5.6%.增加雷诺数能够显著提高升力,但对偏航力矩影响不大.增加甲板风速度能提高升力和滚转力矩的绝对值.甲板风速从0m/s增加到15m/s,升力和滚转力矩仅变化1.1%和3.4%,因此甲板风速的作用是次要的.      

飞机驾驶舱视觉舒适性研究

驾驶舱视觉舒适性会直接对驾驶员产生影响,可能引起驾驶员视觉疲劳和操作失误,对飞机驾驶的安全性和驾驶员的身体健康非常不利.采用日光眩光概率（DGP）、亮度对比度（LR）和人眼垂直照度（Ev）指标,对不同的季节、日照时间和天气条件下的飞机驾驶舱进行视觉舒适性的仿真研究,形成数据库.结果表明：该方法可在飞机设计阶段对飞机驾驶舱的视觉舒适性进行有效地评估,研究结果可为飞机驾驶舱防眩布置及照明设计提供一定的指导.