Next generation test support systems for the aircraft life cycle

The objective of this paper is to present the experience of EADS in using a common test support system for integration and qualification testing, aircraft ground equipment (AGE), in-service software maintenance facilities (ISMF) and ground crew training. EADS uses its test support system AIDASS (Advanced Integrated Data Acquisition and Stimulation System) in different phases of the aircraft life cycle. AIDASS is comprised of a real-time front-end system and a standard PC for the user interface. The EADS test support system is used in almost all phases of the aircraft life cycle, for instance, for integration and verification testing, as aircraft ground equipment, for in-service software maintenance and training of ground crews. This test support system is used for the software maintenance in the TORNADO program at different airforces in Europe. The airforces also share test setups with industry     

Overall presentation of the ENHANCE project

The Euopean project, ENHANCE, coordinated by EADS Airbus, is a large, single and cohesive R&D initiative in the field Concurrent Engineering aimed at improving European Aeronautical industry competitiveness. It addressed the joint call ‘Concurrent Engineering in Aeronautics’ issued by the European Commission. The project duration is 3 years. ENHANCE started in February 1999. Its total budget is 38.2 million, half funded by the European Commission. ENHANCE first results are presented here.     

The multi-site extended enterprise concept in the aeronautical industry

This article introduces the industrial deployment of multi-site extended enterprise concept within EADS AIRBUS SA for the development of the new AIRBUS. Between 1997 and 2000, EADS AURBUS SA, for the development of the A340 500 and 600 programmes co-located up to 600 persons on a common multidisciplinary platform (engineering, manufacturing, support, airlines involvement). The objectives were to reduce, in comparison with A340, the lifecycle of the development of 25%, to reduce the development costs of 30% and to reach, at the entry in service of the first aircraft, a maturity never seen (dispatch reliability of 99%). For that purpose, digital mock-ups were used and permitted to support all the actors involved all along the development and also during the assembly of the first aircraft. This approach continues actually with the involvement of all the parties of the new integrated AIRBUS company for the development of the A380 (very large aircraft) and the A400M (military transport aircraft).     

Stability analysis using SDSA tool

The SDSA (Simulation and Dynamic Stability Analysis) application is presented as a tool for analysing the dynamic characteristics of the aircraft just in the conceptual design stage. SDSA is part of the CEASIOM (Computerized Environment for Aircraft Synthesis and Integrated Optimization Methods) software environment which was developed within the SimSAC (Simulating Aircraft Stability And Control Characteristics for Use in Conceptual Design) project, funded by the European Commission 6th Framework Program. SDSA can also be used as stand alone software, and integrated with other design and optimisation systems using software wrappers. This paper focuses on the main functionalities of SDSA and presents both computational and free flight experimental results to compare and validate the presented software. Two aircraft are considered, the EADS Ranger 2000 and the Warsaw University designed PW-6 glider. For the two cases considered here the SDSA software is shown to be an excellent tool for predicting dynamic characteristics of an aircraft.     

双组元发动机燃烧室瞬态工作过程仿真

为真实模拟双组元姿控发动机燃烧室的瞬态工作过程,耦合考虑了自燃点火与喷雾燃烧过程,提出了适合于准一维计算的求解燃烧室气体参数的新方法,发展了可反映集液腔填充和排空过程影响的喷注质量子模型,建立了分析双组元姿控发动机燃烧室瞬态工作过程的准一维模型。利用此仿真模型分析了EADS 10N姿控发动机燃烧室的单脉冲和多脉冲工作过程,得到了真空推力、液滴位置分布和总冲等结果,并与文献中的试验结果进行了比较分析。表明仿真结果与试验结果一致性较好。     

Multiframe weak target track-before-detect based on pseudo-spectrum in mixed coordinates

Traditional multiframe Track-Before-Detect(TBD) may incur adverse integration loss resulting from model mismatch in sensor coordinates. Its suboptimal integration strategy may cause target envelope degradation. To address these issues, a pseudo-spectrum-based multiframe TBD in mixed coordinates is proposed firstly. The data search for energy integration is conducted based on an accurate model in the x-y plane while target energy is integrated based on pseudo-spectrum in sensor coordinates. The a...     

Effect of rotor-mounted protrusion on sealing performance and flow structure in rotor-stator cavity

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of protrusion radial position and height on the sealing performance and flow structure in the rotor-stator cavity. The rotor-mounted protrusions are assembled at three radial positions and are set to three heights. The cavity is equipped with three rim seals: a radial seal, an axial seal and a seal with double fins on the stator. The annulus Reynolds number is set at $4.39\times {10}^5$ and the rotational Reynolds number ranges from $7.51\times {10}^5$ to $1.20\times {10}^6$. Heat and mass transfer analogy is applied. Pressure and ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2$ concentration are measured. The experimental results show that in cavities with different rim seals, radial distributions of the sealing efficiency, pressure and swirl ratio are basically the same. The sealing performance is improved by protrusions compared with the cavity without protrusion and improves with the increase of protrusion radial position and height. The effect of protrusion increases with the increase of the rotational Reynolds number. The windage loss and the flow resistance introduced by protrusions are investigated. It is found that induced windage loss and flow resistance decrease with the increase of protrusion radial position but increase with the protrusion height.     

Frictional behavior during cold ring compression process of aluminum alloy 5052

The friction is the considerable boundary condition in bulk metal forming. In this paper, the ring compression test was used to evaluate the friction coefficient and factor in Coulomb friction model and Tresca friction model for the plastic deformation of aluminum alloy AA5052. The micro-macro analysis method combining surface morphology and micro-texture was used to explore the friction behaviors in AA5052 cold forming process. In general, the magnitude (μ or m) of friction changes before and after a deformation threshold during ring compression. The maximum change rate of the magnitude (μ or m) before and after the deformation threshold is close to 18.5% under the present experimental conditions, and the change rate decreases with increasing loading speed. The lubrication using MoS₂ is better than that using oil at lower speeds (0.15 mm/s, 1.5 mm/s), but the lubrications for MoS₂ and oil are similar at higher speeds (15 mm/s). The surface roughness, three-dimensional topography, and surface texture of compressed ring have a sudden change around the deformation threshold, which deviate from the previous evolution trend. The increased friction after deformation threshold also promotes the formation of sufficient shear strain layer in the subsurface plane of the compressed ring, and then it hinders the formation of the typical deformation textures with β-oriented line and promotes the appearance of shear textures such as $\left\{\text{001}\right\}〈\text{110}〉$, $\left\{\text{111}\right\}〈\mathit{uvw}〉$ and $\left\{\mathit{hkl}\right\}〈110〉$ textures.     

An intelligent approach for flight risk prediction under icing conditions

Flight risk prediction is significant in improving the flight crew’s situational awareness because it allows them to adopt appropriate operation strategies to prevent risk expansion caused by abnormal conditions, especially aircraft icing conditions. The flight risk space representing the nonlinear mapping relations between risk degree and the three-dimensional commanded vector(commanded airspeed, commanded bank angle, and commanded vertical velocity) is developed to provide the crew with practi...