离子推力器加速栅寿命概率性分析

交换电荷离子对加速栅极的溅射腐蚀是离子推力器的关键失效模式之一,基于交换电荷离子对加速栅溅射腐蚀的物理机理,对离子推力器加速栅工作寿命进行了概率性建模。利用该模型对20cm Xe离子推力器加速栅寿命和其达到预期寿命的可靠度进行了评估。结果显示加速栅的寿命近似服从高斯分布,当推力器工作环境压力近似6.7×10-3Pa时,加速栅工作寿命达到3kh的可靠度为0.9352。     

离子发动机栅极系统电子回流数值模拟

以离子发动机栅极系统为研究对象,基于网格质点法(PIC),建立了二维数值计算模型.利用模型能够较好地模拟离子在栅极系统中的运动,得到栅极系统周围的电势分布以及离子和电子的密度分布等.进一步的计算结果表明,在几何参数一定的条件下,加速栅极电压以及加速栅极孔径对加速栅极下游的电子密度分布有重要的影响.选取合适的加速栅极电压和孔半径,可以阻止电子回流的产生,使离子发动机获得较佳的性能.      

霍尔推力器羽流发散角的定向探针测量方法

针对霍尔推力器的聚焦型束流,提出了一种利用定向探针在近场区快速测算羽流发散角的方法,并且还能获到喷口附近离子通流密度的分布及扩散特性。不确定度分析显示,利用该方法计算羽流发散角的偏差来源主要是离子电流的径向截断,但对于聚焦型等离子体束流在合理选择测量位置的情况下,其测算不确定度最小可达到±1%。     

电荷交换离子对栅极系统束流影响的数值研究

采用二维网格质点法(PIC)计算离子在离子发动机栅极系统中的运动, 通过在模型中添加离子和中性粒子电荷交换的Monte Carlo碰撞模块, 得到了电荷交换离子在栅极周围的分布及电荷交换离子的运动规律.计算结果表明:考虑电荷交换离子后, 屏栅极电流较不考虑电荷交换离子情况时增大了1.42%, 所受影响不大, 加速栅极电流由0增大到主束流电流的1.41%.模拟结果表明:加速栅极下游较远处产生的电荷交换离子, 是造成加速栅极下游面腐蚀及加速栅极电流的主要原因.      

离子发动机栅极系统中束流离子的三维模拟

应用网格质点法,对离子发动机栅极系统进行了三维数值模拟.模拟得到了离子发动机栅极系统中的电场分布、离子运动轨迹、离子在计算域内的空间分布和相空间分布等.计算结果表明,屏栅的离子透明度为69.3%,大于其物理透明度67.1%,加速栅的离子透明度为100%,远大于其物理透明度31.1%,说明所选模拟工况参数合理.模拟结果可以为离子发动机栅极的初步设计提供理论参考.      

Plasma transport simulation under different conditions and optimization analysis of dual-stage grid ion thruster

In order to study the extraction and acceleration mechanism of the dual-stage grid, a three-dimensional model based on the Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision(PIC/MCC) method is performed. Dual-stage grid ion thruster is a new type of electrostatic ion thruster, which can break through the limitations of traditional gridded ion thrusters, and greatly improve the specific impulse. The high performance also makes the grid sensitive to operating parameters. In this paper,the influence of grid pa...     

Numerical Simulation of Characteristics of CEX Ions in Ion Thruster Optical System

Charge exchange(CEX) ions could inflict severe damages on the ion thruster optical system. This article is aimed at investigating the characteristics of the CEX ions and their influences upon the optical system by means of particle-in- cell(PIC) ion simulation and Monte Carlo collision(MCC) methods. The results from numerical simulation indicate that despite the fact that CEX ions appear in the entire beamlet region near the ion optical system, the ones that present themselves downstream of the accelerator grid have good reason for attracting more attention. As their trajectories are significantly affected by the local electric field, a great number of CEX ions are accelerated toward grids resulting in sputtering erosion. When the influences of the CEX ions are considered in the numerical simulation, there could hardly be observed augments in the screen grid current, but the accelerator grid current increases from zero to 1. 4% of the beamlet current. It can be understood from the numerical simulation that the CEX ions formed in the region far downstream of the accelerator grid should be blamed for the erosion on the downstream surface of the accelerator grid.     

Ion engine grids: Function,main parameters,issues, configurations,geometries, materials and fabrication methods

Ion optics are crucial components of ion thrusters and the study of the different ion extraction solutions used since the beginning of the electric propulsion era is essential to understand the evolution of ion engines. This work describes ion engine grids' main functions, parameters and issues related to thermal expansion and sputter erosion, and then introduces a review of ion optics used for significant launched and tested ion thrusters since 1970. Configurations, geometries, materials and fabrication methods are analyzed to understand when typical ion thrusters use two or three grids, what are the thicknesses and aperture sizes of the screen, accelerator and decelerator grids, why molybdenum and carbon-based materials such as pyrolytic graphite and carbon–carbon are the best available options for ion optics and what is the manufacturing method for each material.     

两种会切场离子推力器对比研究

环型会切场离子推力器和柱型会切场离子推力器是当前广泛应用和研究的两种会切场离子推力器。基于30cm环型会切场离子推力器LIPS-300H和30cm柱型会切场离子推力器LIPS-300Z,对比研究了两类会切场离子推力器各自优劣及其机理。首先分析了两种会切场原理,总结给出了两种会切场差异,然后实验对比研究了两种会切场离子推力器束流均匀性、放电效率和寿命。实验结果显示：LIPS-300H相比LIPS-300Z在3kW和5kW工况下束流密度峰值分别降低25%和19%,放电电压分别降低7.8V和6.2V,放电损耗分别增加20W/A和32W/A,屏栅预测寿命分别增加6.7倍和3.2倍。试验结果表明：虽然LIPS-300Z比LIPS-300H具有放电损耗低的优点,但其较差的束流均匀性,较高的阳极电压和双荷离子比,使其在寿命和可靠性方面劣于LIPS-300H。     

三栅极离子推力器电子反流失效影响参数的敏感性研究

电子反流失效模式是离子推力器关键失效模式之一,决定推力器工作寿命。为明确各参数对电子反流失效模式的影响程度,确定加速应力,为地面加速寿命实验验证方案和长寿命优化设计提供数据支持,采用Hybrid-PIC-MCC (Particle in Cell-Monte Carlo Collision)方法,构建了三栅极系统数值仿真模型。采用模型研究了地面真空舱本底压力、屏栅电压、加速栅电压、屏栅与加速栅间距、屏栅上游等离子体密度和放电室工质利用率等参数的影响敏感度对比。研究结果显示,真空舱本底压力可以作为加速寿命试验的首选加速应力,在推力器结构和工作本征参数中工质利用率为最敏感应力,其次是屏栅电压、屏栅上游等离子体密度、加速栅电压、屏栅和加速栅间距。