FFT处理器的FPGA设计

在雷达信号处理中,FFT占有很重要的位置,其运算时间影响整个系统的性能。传统的实现方法速度很慢,难以满足雷达信号处理的实时性要求。针对这一现状,本文研究FFT算法的VHDL程序设计方法;讨论新一代大容量、高速FPGA实现FFT处理中的若干问题;时序分析结果与matlab计算结果相一致,验证了程序的正确性。利用FPGA实现FFT处理,运算速度非常快,可以满足需要高速处理的应用场合。     

A SAR processor based on two-dimensional FFT codes

A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processor approach based on two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT) codes coupled with an asymptotic evaluation of the unit response function is presented. For the latter, no approximation is made to the distance function, so that the full range of geometric aberrations is analytically considered, enabling an effective reference filter to be designed. The two-dimensional FFTs were designed as to run on computers of very limited memory: the required FFT is computed by means of FFTs of lower order. Two FFT codes were considered: one is faster and allows full or reduced (quick look or multilook) resolution performance to be obtained easily; the second is slower but allows the use of a space-varying filter and/or investigations on limited portions (zoom) of the image. Both codes are suited to parallel processing, e.g. by a transputer net. A full discussion on computer memory and time requirements is presented as well as first examples of image processing results     

一种新颖的超高分辨率SAR频率域反投影成像算法

超高分辨率条件下,机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）发射信号带宽大,合成孔径时间比较长,对成像处理算法的精度和效率要求较高。现有近似频率域处理和时间域滤波反投影（FBP）算法聚焦SAR数据时均存在诸多问题。基于微局部分析方法,提出了一种新颖的频率域滤波反投影（FD-FBP）成像处理方案。首先,利用Keystone变换简化了数据距离多普勒（RD）域徙动表达式。然后,在RD域进行反投影操作,对参考位置处反投影数据进行移位、相位补偿和FFT等操作即可以得到图像,从而在保证算法精确性的前提下有效降低了运算效率,实现了频率域方法的高效率和时间域方法的精确性特点的结合。最后,点目标仿真和实测数据处理以及与FBP等算法的对比验证了该方法的有效性。     

Improving performance in pulse radar detection using neuralnetworks

A new approach using a multilayered feed forward neural network for pulse compression is presented. The 13 element Barker code was used as the signal code. In training this network, the extended Kalman filtering (EKF)-based learning algorithm which has faster convergence speed than the conventional backpropagation (BP) algorithm was used. This approach has yielded output peak signal to sidelobe ratios which are much superior to those obtained with the BP algorithm. Further, for use of this neural network for real time processing, parallel implementation of the EKF-based learning algorithm is indispensable. Therefore, parallel implementation has also been developed     

A new algorithm for the formation of ISAR images

A new technique for implementing the enhanced image processing (EIP) algorithm for the formation of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images is presented. The EIP algorithm is required when, during the formation of an image, scattering centers on a target move out of range and/or Doppler resolution cells. This phenomenon is common for high resolution imagery of practical-sized targets. The method presented is based entirely on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and therefore does not require the interpolation schemes that are prevalent in the standard EIP implementation. A brief review of the theory of radar imaging is presented to establish the notation for the work. Following the presentation of the new algorithm, a simple example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new technique. In addition work is presented that demonstrates the processing required to reduce the sidelobes in imagery generated by the EIP technique     

全数字宽带接收机的并行结构

介绍了一种FFT并行结构的全数字宽带接收机，接收机中包括载波恢复，定时恢复和匹配滤波器三个主要功能部分。其特点是信号处理速率比输入Nyquist采样速率低得多，而且其中的匹配滤波器和定时校正恢复可以在频域上有效地实现，这种结构特别适合于卫星通信中每秒几百兆比特速率的高速数据传输应用。     

适用于空间通信的LDPC码GPU高速译码架构

鉴于目前空间通信对高速、可重配置信道译码器的需求,利用图形处理器(GPU)的并行化运算特点,提出了一种低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码软件高速译码架构。通过优化Turbo消息传递译码(TDMP)算法节点更新运算线程块内和块间并行度、减少非规则行重造成的线程分支、降低线程对节点更新信息存储资源的访问延时以及合理量化译码器存储信息来提升译码内核函数的执行效率。并在此基础上引入异步统一计算设备构架(CUDA)流处理机制,设计优化的译码器输入输出数据传输和内核函数之间的执行调度方式以及CUDA流上的译码线程资源配置方式,最大化译码吞吐率的同时降低译码延时。在Nvidia最新的Tesla K20和GTX980平台上对国际空间数据系统咨询委员会(CCSDS)遥测标准LDPC码进行的TDMP译码实验结果表明,本架构进行10次迭代译码的吞吐率最高可达约500 Mbps,平均译码延时约为2ms左右。与现有结果相比,本架构在保持软件架构配置灵活性的同时更加有效的兼顾了译码吞吐率和延时性能。     

两片TS101联合实现FFT运算

在综合分析 TS101内部结构和 FFF 算法的基础上,结合由两片TS101组成的信号处理板硬件平台的研制,提出了一个并行处理加多片联合来实现浮点复数 FFT 运算的方法,将一个比较大的 FFT 处理任务分配在多片上并行执行。经过对模拟数据的仿真分析,该方法在保证精确估计中心频率的前提下,较好地提高了运算速度。     

快速傅立叶变换的多机并行计算

快速傅立叶变换(FFT)运算速度相比离散傅立叶变换(DFT)提高了1至2个数量级,但当离散信号的有限序列太长时,FFT算法同样也无法满足实时系统的需要.本文提出一种基于共享存储的多处理机计算FFT的并行算法,并给出该算法的性能分析.计算机仿真实验表明,该FFT并行算法有效、高速,适合于实时处理系统.     

基于软件无线电的机会信号实时盲分离系统

在复杂的电磁环境中,往往存在多种频率交叠的机会信号,为利用机会信号进行定位增加了难度。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于软件无线电的机会信号实时盲分离系统。系统的硬件部分是在FPGA中实现等变自适应盲分离算法的,实现了AD采集后的复数域混合信号的分离。分离后的信号通过USB3.0数据线上传到上位机中进行存储、识别和实时显示。算法的FPGA实现采用流水线架构和浮点运算设计来提高信号的实时处理能力和数据计算精度。实测结果表明,该系统能够实时分离多路复数域混合机会信号。     

基于DCT-CS的脉冲星周期超快速估计方法

受快速傅里叶变换（fast Fourier transform，FFT）的影响，基于FFT和压缩感知（compressive sensing, CS）的脉冲星周期快速估计算法的计算量大。为进一步减小计算量并提高计算精度，利用离散余弦变换（discrete cosine transform，DCT)取代FFT，提出了一种基于DCT-CS的脉冲星周期超快速估计算法。在该方法中，利用DCT提取脉冲星信号的低频部分构建低频DCT矩阵；构建畸变轮廓字典并获取累积轮廓；提出了利用最大值超分辨率稀疏恢复估计脉冲星周期的方法。仿真结果表明，DCT-CS的脉冲星周期估计精度达到了3.82×10-12 s，计算时间达到了9.31 ms。与FFT-CS相比，周期估计精度提高了约16%，计算时间缩短了约37.5%，实现了实时高精度的脉冲星周期估计。     

Real-time mosaicking for infrared videos from an oblique sweeping camera

Image mosaicking is widely used in Geographic Information Systems (GISs) for large-scale ground surface analysis. However, most existing mosaicking methods can only be used in offline processing due to the enormous amounts of computation. In this paper, we propose a novel and practical algorithm for real-time infrared video mosaicking. To achieve this, a novel fast template matching algorithm based on Sum of Cosine Differences (SCD) is proposed to coarsely match the sequential images. The high speed of the proposed template matching algorithm is obtained by computing correlation with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). We also propose a novel fast Least Squares Matching (LSM) algorithm for inter-frame fine registration, which can significantly reduce the computation without degrading the matching accuracy. In addition, the proposed fast LSM can effectively adapt for noise degradation and geometric distortion. Based on the proposed fast template matching algorithm and fine registration algorithm, we develop a practical real-time mosaicking approach which can produce seamless mosaic image highly efficiently. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is not just computationally efficient but also robust against various noise distortions.     

GPS信号快速捕获方案研究

设计在高动态环境下工作的GPS接收机,其难点之一在于对卫星伪码的快速捕获。针对缩短GPS接收机捕获伪随机码时间的问题,本文在对GPS信号结构作出分析的前提下,介绍了时域滑动相关的常规捕获方法;提出了基于FFT的快速捕获技术,并在matlab环境下做了系统仿真,仿真结果显示捕获速度可以得到显著提高。     

基于蜂群算法的舰艇编队维修作业调度方法

针对编队维修保障系统需要对编队内所有舰艇装备提供快速有效的保障,使之具有持续作战能力,将维修保障过程中涉及的机构及资源,分割为功能相对独立的多个智能体Agent,并提出基于多Agent的具有良好扩展性和智能性的舰艇编队保障体系架构.基于该架构中Agent单元的特点,提出基于蜂群算法的任务调度优化方法,该方法可缩短舰艇编...     

基于CompactPCI总线的红外目标跟踪系统

红外目标跟踪方法的理论研究较多,而通用的实时跟踪系统较少。给出了具有CompactPCI总线、并行分布式结构的系统方案,核心是基于标准总线的实时系统,上位机实现卡尔曼预测,DSP并行完成频域转换与相关,CPLD实现总线接口控制。所实现的系统具有运算能力强、通信带宽大、可扩展性和通用性强的特点,实用表明了它的可行性。     

FFT相位误差的修正及转子轨迹图

提出了一种ＦＦＴ相位误差修正的方法，利用经相位修正的ＦＦＴ数据重构时间序列来描绘双转子振动响应的轨迹图。这种数据分离综合的实现，较清晰地描述转子系统的振动特性，而为研究双转子发动机转静件碰摩和裂纹等故障现象描述提供了较好的工具。     

Track-While-Scan Algorithm in a Clutter Environment

A track-while scan (TWS) algorithm is developed for targets in a clutter environment. The problem has been studied using only the position measurements [1, 5-8], but the simulation results have not been satisfactory. Modern processing techniques (FFT processor) ) in air traffic control and surveillance radar receivers provide both position and radial velocity. The radial velocity measurement may be conveniently used in the target-track correlation process, which will reduce the association ambiguity in the clutter environment. t. In the clear environment the algorithm using the position and radial velocity measurements has been treated in [3, 4]. A TWS algorithm, using both position and radial velocity measurements for targets in a clutter environment, is presented here. The algorithm obtained is nonlinear and adaptive. In order to evaluate the improvement due to radial velocity measurement a simulation has been performed on a digital computer. The algorithm was run with and without radial velocity measurements to compare its performances. An improvement was noted especially when the target path included an accelerated portion.     

机场场面运行控制仿真软件开发及关键技术

针对飞行区场面运行控制仿真的需求,在Anylogic仿真平台上设计和开发了基于Petri网的飞行区场面运行控制仿真软件,并用于实现A-SMGCS冲突监控算法。通过分析基于Petri网的场面运行建模与控制仿真需求,确定了软件的功能目标和体系结构。研究了软件实现和开发中的几个关键技术问题,如Petri网模型基本类的设计、面向闭环控制的Petri网模型扩展定义、开环和闭环场面运行Petri网模型的仿真算法设计。某机场飞行区的场面运行控制仿真表明,软件可以完成场面运行的闭环控制仿真,支持实现冲突监控算法。     

合成孔径雷达数字信号处理机体系结构研究

回顾了机载合成孔径雷达数字信号处理的基本算法及其特点,选用了支持多种模式、适合 DSP处理的 Chirp Scaling算法。提出并设计了基于此算法的多处理机并行工作的 SAR处理机硬件体系结构。分析了此体系结构采用串行流水的合理性,介绍了各处理机的特点,给出了多处理机之间通讯的几种方法。     

提高运算速度的素因子分解FFT算法

对一种用素因子分解计算离散傅里叶变换的算法进行了研究。其特点是能用简单的下标映射并以同址方式实现快速离散傅里叶变换运算。运算结果表明该算法可比常规的Ｃｏｏｌｅｙ－Ｔｕｋｅｙ基２算法快３２％。